scholarly journals Assessing organic material on single-use vessel sealing devices: a comparative study of reprocessed and new LigaSure™ devices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swathi Ramesh Chivukula ◽  
Steven Lammers ◽  
Jennifer Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Human Tissue ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Sterility Testing ◽  
Vessel Sealing ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Direct Immersion ◽  
Residual Organic Matter

Abstract Background Reprocessed devices must be thoroughly cleaned prior to sterilization to ensure efficacy of sterilization agents. Many single-use devices are not designed to be thoroughly cleaned. Interlocking design features inherent to LigaSure™ vessel sealing devices may prevent thorough cleaning and promote accumulation of human tissue that cannot be removed. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare industry reprocessed and new LigaSure™ vessel sealing devices for organic material. Methods A total of 168, 84 new and 84 reprocessed, vessel sealing devices were disassembled and inspected for the presence of residual organic matter using visual, microscopic, and chemical analysis. Devices were randomized and test conductors blinded to group membership. Devices were aseptically disassembled and sent through visual inspection. Next, devices were either examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or exposed to a solution that luminesces in the presence of hemoglobin. Additionally, 165 reprocessed devices were sent to a 3rd party lab for sterility testing via direct immersion culture for 14 days. Results Significant amounts of remnant organic material (C, N, O, S, Na, P) were observed with 81/84 reprocessed and 0/84 new devices failing inspection protocols. When tested for the presence of hemoglobin, only 1/12 reprocessed devices passed inspection. SEM of reprocessed devices revealed residues with liquid patterns and diffuse soiling with foreign material. Sterility testing of reprocessed devices revealed a sterility level < 6–3. Conclusions The abundance of material resembling human tissue observed on reprocessed VSDs suggests inadequate cleaning prior to sterilization. Atomic and morphological analyses of the remnant materials suggest that bacterial biofilms could also be present. Additionally, surface degradation and release of reinforcing glass fibers from the device were observed. Devices designed for single use can harbor significant amounts of remnant material that likely interfere with the sterilization process.

Evaluation of the performance of an endoscopic 3‐mm electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing device intended for single use after multiple use‐and‐resterilization cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliany Gomes Quitzan ◽  
Ameet Singh ◽  
Hugues Beaufrere ◽  
Alexander Valverde ◽  
Brandon Lillie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Use ◽  
Vessel Sealing ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Sealing Device ◽  
Bipolar Vessel Sealing ◽  
Bipolar Vessel

Influence of multiple reuse and resterilization cycles on the performance of a bipolar vessel sealing device (LigaSure) intended for single use

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 951-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kuvaldina ◽  
Galina Hayes ◽  
Julia Sumner ◽  
Erica Behling-Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Sealing ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Sealing Device ◽  
Bipolar Vessel Sealing ◽  
Bipolar Vessel

scholarly journals Chemical Recycling of Used Printed Circuit Board Scraps: Recovery and Utilization of Organic Products

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Ra Shin ◽  
Van Dung Mai ◽  
Dai-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Printed Circuit

The disposal of end-of-life printed circuit boards (PCBs) comprising cross-linked brominated epoxy resins, glass fiber, and metals has attracted considerable attention from the environmental aspect. In this study, valuable resources, especially organic material, were recovered by the effective chemical recycling of PCBs. Pulverized PCB was depolymerized by glycolysis using polyethylene glycol (PEG 200) with a molecular weight of 200 g/mol under basic conditions. The cross-linked epoxy resins were effectively decomposed into a low-molecular species by glycolysis with PEG 200, followed by the effective separation of the metals and glass fibers from organic materials. The organic material was modified into recycled polyol with an appropriate viscosity and a hydroxyl value for rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) by the Mannich reaction and the addition polymerization of propylene oxide. RPUFs prepared using the recycled polyol exhibited superior thermal and mechanical properties as well as thermal insulation properties compared to conventional RPUFs, indicating that the recycled polyol obtained from the used PCBs can be valuable as RPUF raw materials for heat insulation.

scholarly journals Accelerated Aging Behavior in Alkaline Environments of GFRP Reinforcing Bars and Their Bond with Concrete

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5700
Author(s):  
Arnaud Rolland ◽  
Karim Benzarti ◽  
Marc Quiertant ◽  
Sylvain Chataigner
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Direct Immersion

This study investigates the durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bars (rebars) and their bond in concrete. Accelerated aging tests were first conducted on bare rebars that were either subjected to direct immersion in an alkaline solution or previously embedded in concrete before immersion in the solution (indirect immersion). Accelerated aging was conducted at different temperatures of the solution (20 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C) and for various periods up to 240 days. Residual tensile properties were determined for rebars subjected to direct immersion and served as input data of a predictive Arrhenius model. A large decrease in the residual tensile strength assigned to the alkali-attack of glass fibers was extrapolated in the long term, suggesting that direct immersion is very severe compared to actual service conditions. Short-beam tests were also performed on rebars conditioned under direct/indirect immersion conditions, but did not reveal any significant evolution of the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). In a second part, bond tests were performed on pull-out specimens after immersion in the alkaline solution at different temperatures, in order to assess possible changes in the concrete/GFRP bond properties over aging. Results showed antagonistic effects, with an initial increase in bond strength assigned to a confinement effect of the rebar resulting from changes in the concrete properties over aging, followed by a decreasing trend possibly resulting from interfacial degradation. Complementary characterizations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were also carried out to evaluate the effects of aging on the physical/microstructural properties of GFRPs.

Biological treatment for removal of organic material and ammonium from leachate at low temperatures

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Rittia H. Kettunen ◽  
Pertti Keskitalo ◽  
Taina H. Hoilijoki ◽  
Jukka A. Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Biological Treatment

Effect of alternate feedback strategies on performance for a synthetic aircraft visual inspection task

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul R. Desai ◽  
Anand K. Gramopadhye ◽  
Brian J. Melloy ◽  
Andrew Duchowski
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Feedback Strategies ◽  
Inspection Task

Preservation of Morphological Integrity and Clot Retraction Activity of Human Platelets After Freezing

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Djerassi ◽  
Albert Roy ◽  
Jorge Alvarado ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Slow Freezing ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Plasma Medium ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Controlled Freezing ◽  
Direct Immersion

SummaryHuman platelets frozen at −195° C (liquid nitrogen) retain their morphological integrity and ability to promote clot retraction when 5% dimethyl-sulfoxide and 5% dextrose are added to the suspending plasma medium. Slow freezing was more effective than direct immersion in the liquid nitrogen. Although similar results may be achieved with dimethylsulfoxide alone with rigidly controlled freezing rates, the addition of sugars may permit freezing under less critical conditions.Dimethylsulfoxyd und 5% Dextrose dem Plasmamilieu hinzugefügt werden. Das langsame Einfrieren ist effektiver als das direkte Eintauchen in flüssigen Stickstoff. Obschon ähnliche Resultate mit Dimethylsulfoxyd allein unter exakter Kontrolle der Einfrierungsgeschwindig-keit erreicht werden können, erlaubt die Zugabe von Dextrose ein Einfrieren unter weniger kritischen Bedingungen.

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