scholarly journals Leaf morphology, wax composition, and residual (cuticular) transpiration of four poplar clones

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Grünhofer ◽  
Lena Herzig ◽  
Lukas Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Cuticular Transpiration ◽  
Ecophysiological Traits ◽  
Poplar Clones

Abstract Key message We identified two poplar clones of the same species as highly comparable, yet clones of two further species of the same genus to be distinctly different regarding multiple morphological and ecophysiological traits. Abstract Leaf morphology, wax composition, and residual (cuticular) transpiration of four poplar clones (two clones of the hybrid species P. × canescens, P. trichocarpa, and P. euphratica) were monitored from the beginning to end of the growing season 2020. A pronounced epicuticular wax coverage was found only with P. euphratica. As the most prominent substance classes of cuticular wax primary alcohols, alkanes and esters were identified with P. × canescens and P. trichocarpa, whereas esters and alkanes were completely lacking in P. euphratica. Wax amounts were slightly decreasing during the season and significantly lower wax amounts were found for newly formed leaves in summer compared to leaves of the same age formed in spring. Residual (cuticular) transpiration was about five to tenfold lower for P. × canescens compared with the two other poplar species. Interestingly, with three of the four investigated species, newly formed leaves in summer had lower wax coverages and lower rates of residual (cuticular) transpiration compared to leaves of exactly the same age formed in spring. Our findings were especially surprising with P. euphratica, representing the only one of the four investigated poplar species naturally growing in very dry and hot climates in Central Asia. Instead of developing very low rates of residual (cuticular) transpiration, it seems to be of major advantage for P. euphratica to develop a pronounced epicuticular wax bloom efficiently reflecting light.

scholarly journals Mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana Altered in Epicuticular Wax and Leaf Morphology

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Jenks ◽  
A. M. Rashotte ◽  
H. A. Tuttle ◽  
K. A. Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Epicuticular Wax

New varieties of Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub (Lycopodiaceae)

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Ivanenko
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Light And Shadow ◽  
Ecological Forms

Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub is a hybrid species, with the formula D. complanatum (L.) Holub × D. tristachyum (Pursh) Holub. A high variability of D. zeilleri is due to environmental conditions (light and shadow ecological forms) and probably to introgressive hybridization with the parental species. Intermediate forms between D. zeilleri, D. complanatum and D. tristachyum are quite rare, that allows to treat the three taxa as separate species. D. zeilleri is missing in subarctic regions of Europe and North America, and some degree of its resemblance with D. complanatum subsp. montellii Kukk. is convergent. Lycopodium complanatum f. polystachyum H. Lindb. is considered to belong to D. zeilleri, and an appropriate conbination is published, Diphasiastrum zeilleri var. polystachyum (H. Lindb.) Ivanenko. A new variety Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub var. ramistachyum Ivanenko is described, differing by sessile strobili formed on the basal part of fertile branches during one growing season. The structure, the base of which is a fertile branch, and the upper part is strobilus (strobili), is proposed to term «strobilus branch». Besides D. zeilleri var. ramistachyum, the strobilus branches are produced by D. issleri (Rouy) Holub, D. oellgaardii Stoor, Boudrie, Jérôme, K. Horn et Bennert, and rarely by D. alpinum (L.) Holub and D. complanatum.

Environmental Physiology of Sorghum. II. Epicuticular Wax Load and Cuticular Transpiration 1

Crop Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1168-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Jordan ◽  
P. J. Shouse ◽  
A. Blum ◽  
F. R. Miller ◽  
R. L. Monk
Keyword(s):  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Cuticular Transpiration ◽  
Environmental Physiology ◽  
Wax Load

Characteristics of Multiple-Seeded Cocklebur: A Biotype of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumariumL.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed K. Abbas ◽  
Dan J. Pantone ◽  
Rex N. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Large Round

A new biotype of common cocklebur, called multiple-seeded cocklebur (MSC), was found in Bell County, TX, in 1994. MSC has up to 25 seeds per bur, usually producing up to nine seedlings, whereas normal common cocklebur (NCC) has two seeds per bur which usually produce only one seedling. MSC burs are large, round, covered with hairy spines or prickles, and flattened on one end, with each seed terminated by a beak. Leaf morphology differs among the biotypes, and stems of MSC are straighter and smoother than NCC. Apomixis occurred with MSC but not with NCC. Both biotypes have potential dormancy with germination occurring in the second growing season. MSC produces increased numbers of seedlings which increases the difficulty in controlling common cocklebur.

Chemical composition of epicuticular wax in cabbage plants grown in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Sutter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Polar Components ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Intensity Characteristic

The chemical composition of epicuticular wax from cabbage plants grown in vitro was compared with that from plants grown in a greenhouse. There was a greater percentage of polar compounds (fatty acids, primary alcohols, aldehydes, and esters) and less alkanes and secondary alcohols in wax from cultured plants relative to those from greenhouse plants. Homologues in each class were more evenly distributed and had a greater range of chain lengths in wax from cultured plants. The high proportion of polar components in wax from cultured plants might be a factor in water loss when the plants are transferred to the greenhouse. Possible explanations for the altered wax composition in plants grown in vitro include increased relative humidity and decreased light intensity characteristic of in vitro conditions.

Bud burst phenology in different poplar and willow clones

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Y. Khoma ◽  
N. Kutsokon
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Poplar Clones

In the face of global climate changes, studies of bud burst and bud set phenology in trees are necessary to determine the duration of the growing season of plants, the optimal planting period, and seasonal works to achieve high productivity. The purpose of our study was to investigate bud burst phenology in different poplar and willow clones, what is important for predicting possible responses of woody plants to climate changes. Materials and methods: Bud burst phenology in poplar and willow was monitored both on the plants growing at experimental plot and on potted plants. Open-field plant research was conducted on a test site of fast-growing bioenergy trees in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). Nine most productive poplar and willow clones were selected for the potted experiment. Throughout the growing season, the plants were kept outdoors, and after the seasonal fall of the leaves, the plants were transferred to an unheated storage room with a limited light regime. During spring, bud burst phenology was screened weekly through 45 days according to the 6-scores scale. The studies showed that the poplar plants grown under laboratory conditions demonstrated faster rates of bud burst compared to the willows, while the plants at the experimental plot, on the contrary, shown faster bud burst in the willows comparing to poplar clones. Such effects may be caused by the restricted light regime at the laboratory space what probably had stronger impact on the bud burst in willows, and in the case of open-field plants also by other random environmental factors. In potted conditions, willows demonstrated a tendency for faster flushing of lateral buds, while most poplar clones showed faster apical bud growth under the same conditions.

Isolation and characterization of eceriferum (cer) mutants induced by T-DNA insertions in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. McNevin ◽  
Wendy Woodward ◽  
Abdelali Hannoufa ◽  
Kenneth A. Feldmann ◽  
Bertrand Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Chain Length Distribution ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Fatty Aldehydes

Thirteen Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with deviating epicuticular wax layers (i.e., cer mutants) were isolated by screening 13 000 transformed lines produced by the seed transformation method. After crossing the 13 mutants to some of the previously known cer mutant lines, 12 of our mutants mapped to 6 of the 21 known complementation groups (cer1 through cer4 as well as cer6 and cer10), while the other mutant corresponded to a previously unknown locus, cer21. Mutant phenotypes of 6 of the 13 mutant lines were caused by T-DNA insertions within cer genes. We also analyzed the chemical composition of the epicuticular wax layers of the cer mutants isolated in this study relative to that of Arabidopsis wild-type plants. Our results suggest that the five genes we tagged regulate different steps in wax biosynthesis, i.e., the decarbonylation of fatty aldehydes to alkanes, the elongation of hexacosanoic acid to octacosanoic acid, the reduction of fatty aldehydes to primary alcohols and the production of free aldehydes, while an insertion in the fifth gene causes an alteration in the chain length distribution of the different classes of wax compounds.Key words: epicuticular wax, glossy mutants, gas chromotography – mass spectroscopy.

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