Impact of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy on the management of general anesthesia: efficacy of blood withdrawal during a steep Trendelenburg position

Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of prostate cancer. RALP requires the patient to be placed in the steep Trendelenburg position, along with pneumoperitoneum, which may increase the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). This large single-center retrospective study evaluated the incidence and risk factors of PPCs in 2208 patients who underwent RALP between 2014 and 2017. Patients were divided into those with (PPC group) and without (non-PPC group) PPCs. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors of PPCs. PPCs occurred in 682 patients (30.9%). Risk factors of PPCs included age (odds ratio [OR], 1.023; p = 0.001), body mass index (OR, 1.061; p = 0.001), hypoalbuminemia (OR, 1.653; p = 0.008), and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) application (OR, 0.283; p < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative complications, rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and duration of ICU stay were significantly greater in the PPC group than in the non-PPC group. In conclusion, the incidence of PPCs in patients who underwent RALP under pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg position was 30.9%. Factors associated with PPCs included older age, higher body mass index, hypoalbuminemia, and lack of PEEP.

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Intraoperative changes in whole-blood viscosity in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in the steep Trendelenburg position with pneumoperitoneum: a prospective nonrandomized observational cohort study

BMC Anesthesiology ◽

10.1186/s12871-019-0919-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jung-Woo Shim ◽

Hyun Kyung Moon ◽

Yong Hyun Park ◽

Misun Park ◽

Jaesik Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Rate ◽

Supine Position ◽

Blood Viscosity ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Hematocrit Level ◽

Robot Assisted ◽

Trendelenburg Position ◽

Whole Blood Viscosity ◽

Laparoscopic Prostatectomy ◽

Steep Trendelenburg Position

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the steep Trendelenburg position (STP) with pneumoperitoneum on whole-blood viscosity (WBV) in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). The study also analyzed the associations of clinical patient-specific and time-dependent variables with WBV and recorded postoperative outcomes. Methods Fifty-eight adult male patients (ASA physical status of I or II) undergoing elective RALP were prospectively analyzed in this study. WBV was intraoperatively measured three times: at the beginning of surgery in the supine position without pneumoperitoneum; after 30 min in the STP with pneumoperitoneum; and at the end of surgery in the supine position without pneumoperitoneum. The WBV at a high shear rate (300 s− 1) was recorded as systolic blood viscosity (SBV) and that at a low shear rate (5 s− 1) was recorded as diastolic blood viscosity (DBV). Systolic blood hyperviscosity was defined as > 13.0 cP at 300 s− 1 and diastolic blood hyperviscosity was defined as > 4.1 cP at 5 s− 1. Results The WBV and incidences of systolic and diastolic blood hyperviscosity significantly increased from the supine position without pneumoperitoneum to the STP with pneumoperitoneum. When RALP was performed in the STP with pneumoperitoneum, 12 patients (27.3%) who had normal SBV at the beginning of surgery and 11 patients (26.8%) who had normal DBV at the beginning of surgery developed new systolic and diastolic blood hyperviscosity, respectively. The degree of increase in WBV after positioning with the STP and pneumoperitoneum was higher in the patients with hyperviscosity than in those without hyperviscosity at the beginning of surgery. Higher preoperative body mass index (BMI) and hematocrit level were associated with the development of both systolic and diastolic blood hyperviscosity in the STP with pneumoperitoneum. All patients were postoperatively discharged without fatal complications. Conclusions Changes in surgical position may influence WBV, and higher preoperative BMI and hematocrit level are independent factors associated with the risk of hyperviscosity during RALP in the STP with pneumoperitoneum. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service, Republic of Korea, approval number: KCT0003295 on October 25, 2018.

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Positive End-expiratory Pressure and Distribution of Ventilation in Pneumoperitoneum Combined with Steep Trendelenburg Position

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0000000000003062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

pp. 476-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Atsuko Shono ◽

Nozomi Katayama ◽

Tatsuya Fujihara ◽

Stephan H. Böhm ◽

Andreas D. Waldmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Lung Mechanics ◽

High Peep ◽

Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽

Regional Ventilation ◽

Robot Assisted ◽

Trendelenburg Position ◽

Laparoscopic Prostatectomy ◽

Steep Trendelenburg Position ◽

Postoperative Lung Function

Abstract Background Pneumoperitoneum and a steep Trendelenburg position during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy have been demonstrated to promote a cranial shift of the diaphragm and the formation of atelectasis in the dorsal parts of the lungs. However, neither an impact of higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on preserving the ventilation in the dorsal region nor its physiologic effects have been fully examined. The authors hypothesized that PEEP of 15 cm H2O during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy might maintain ventilation in the dorsal parts and thus improve lung mechanics. Methods In this randomized controlled study, 48 patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy were included in the analysis. Patients were assigned to the conventional PEEP (5 cm H2O) group or the high PEEP (15 cm H2O) group. Regional ventilation was monitored using electrical impedance tomography before and after the establishment of pneumoperitoneum and 20° Trendelenburg position during the surgery. The primary endpoint was the regional ventilation in the dorsal parts of the lungs while the secondary endpoints were lung mechanics and postoperative lung function. Results Compared to that in the conventional PEEP group, the fraction of regional ventilation in the most dorsal region was significantly higher in the high PEEP group during pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position (mean values at 20 min after taking Trendelenburg position: conventional PEEP, 5.5 ± 3.9%; high PEEP, 9.9 ± 4.7%; difference, –4.5%; 95% CI, –7.4 to –1.6%; P = 0.004). Concurrently, lower driving pressure (conventional PEEP, 14.9 ± 2.5 cm H2O; high PEEP, 11.5 ± 2.8 cm H2O; P < 0.001), higher lung dynamic compliance, and better oxygenation were demonstrated in the high PEEP group. Postoperative lung function did not differ between the groups. Conclusions Application of a PEEP of 15 cm H2O resulted in more homogeneous ventilation and favorable physiologic effects during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy but did not improve postoperative lung function. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

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Effects of Increased Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter on Inadequate Emergence from Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy: A Prospective Observational Study

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11122260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2260

Author(s):

Yu Jeong Bang ◽

Heejoon Jeong ◽

Burn Young Heo ◽

Byung Seop Shin ◽

Woo Seog Sim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽

Optic Nerve Sheath ◽

Robot Assisted ◽

Trendelenburg Position ◽

Laparoscopic Prostatectomy ◽

Nerve Sheath ◽

Neurologic Deficits ◽

Steep Trendelenburg Position

(1) Background: Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is preferred over open prostatectomy because it offers superior surgical outcomes and better postoperative recovery. The steep Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum required in Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, however, increase intracranial pressure (ICP). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of elevated ICP on the quality of emergence from anesthesia. (2) Methods: Sixty-seven patients undergoing RALP were enrolled. We measured optic nerve sheath diameter at four timepoints during surgery. Primary outcome was inadequate emergence in the operating room (OR). Secondary outcomes were postoperative neurologic deficits of dizziness, headache, delirium, cognitive dysfunction, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). (3) Results: A total of 69 patients were screened for eligibility and 67 patients completed the study and were included in the final analysis. After establishing pneumoperitoneum with the Trendelenburg position, ONSD increased compared to baseline by 11.4%. Of the 67 patients, 36 patients showed an increase of 10% or more in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). Patients with ΔONSD ≥ 10% experienced more inadequate emergence in the OR than those with ΔONSD < 10% (47.2% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.003). However, other variables related to the quality of emergence from anesthesia did not different significantly between groups. Similarly, neurologic deficits, and PONV during postoperative day 3 showed no significant differences. (4) Conclusions: ICP elevation detected by ultrasonographic ONSD measurement was associated with a transient, inadequate emergence from anesthesia.

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