Radius of influence of air temperature from automated weather stations installed in complex terrain

The street thermal environment is important for thermal comfort, urban climate and pollutant dispersion. A 24-h vehicle traverse study was conducted over the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong in summer, with each measurement period consisting of 2–3 full days. The data covered a total of 158 loops in 198 h along the route on sunny days. The measured data were averaged by three methods (direct average, FFT filter and interpolated by the piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation). The average street air temperatures were found to be 1–3 °C higher than those recorded at nearby fixed weather stations. The street warming phenomenon observed in the study has substantial implications as usually urban heat island (UHI) intensity is estimated from measurement at fixed weather stations, and therefore the UHI intensity in the built areas of the city may have been underestimated. This significant difference is of interest for studies on outdoor air temperature, thermal comfort, urban environment and pollutant dispersion. The differences were simulated by an improved one-dimensional temperature model (ZERO-CAT) using different urban morphology parameters. The model can correct the underestimation of street air temperature. Further sensitivity studies show that the building arrangement in the daytime and nighttime plays different roles for air temperature in the street. City designers can choose different parameters based on their purpose.

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Naturally triggered persistent deep slab avalanches in western Canada Part I: avalanche characteristics and weather trends from weather stations

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/jog.2016.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (232) ◽

pp. 243-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MICHAEL CONLAN ◽

BRUCE JAMIESON

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Classification Tree ◽

Decision Aids ◽

Companion Paper ◽

Wind Loading ◽

False Alarms ◽

Western Canada ◽

Weather Model ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Median Maximum

ABSTRACTA database of difficult-to-forecast natural persistent deep slab avalanches was analyzed to determine thresholds for parameters that contribute to their release in western Canada. The database included avalanche observations and weather station data. The avalanches were grouped based on their primary cause-of-release, either precipitation loading, wind loading, solar warming or air temperature warming using a multivariate classification tree, which first split using a solar warming parameter. The precipitation group had a median 24 h snowfall of 15 cm and 3 d snowfall of 38 cm at weather stations, mostly at or below treeline. These amounts were likely closer between 20–30 and 50–80 cm at alpine start zones. The wind loading group experienced the most wind-transported snow potential. The solar warming group had predicted solar warming of 5.2°C, 10 cm into the snowpack, on the days of release. The air temperature warming group experienced the highest median maximum air temperature (5°C) on the days of release. These thresholds may be useful to forecast the likelihood of similar avalanches with experienced-based forecasting or with decision aids, although many false alarms are possible. A companion paper, Part II, relates weather model data to avalanche occurrences.

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Cars as next generation mobile weather stations: an initial investigation

10.5194/ems2021-290 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giuliano Andrea Pagani ◽

Marcel Molendijk ◽

Jan Willem Noteboom

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Ground Temperature ◽

Warning Systems ◽

Traction Control ◽

The Future ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Positive Correlation Coefficient ◽

Digital Equipment

Modern automobiles are becoming more and more &#8220;computers on the wheels&#8221; having lots of digital equipment on board. Such equipment is both for the comfort and entertainment of the passengers and for their safety. Sensors play a key role in measuring several parameters of the car performance (e.g., traction control, anti-lock breaking system) and also environmental &#160;parameters are observed directly (e.g., air temperature) or can be somehow inferred (e.g., precipitation via windscreen wipers activity/speed).KNMI has been provided air temperature recorded every 10 minutes by thousands of vehicles driving in the Netherlands for the period January-October 2020. We have performed an initial exploratory temporal and spatial analysis to understand the most promising periods of the day and areas where sufficient data is available to perform a more thorough data analysis in the future. Furthermore, we have performed a correlation analysis between the outside temperature measured by cars and air and ground temperature observed by official weather station sensors placed at one location on the Dutch highways. The correlation results for three randomly selected days (with different weather conditions) show a good positive correlation coefficient ranging from 0.93 to 0.76 for car and station air temperature and from 0.91 to 0.67 for car temperature and station ground temperature.This initial exploration paves the way to the use of (OEM) car data as (mobile) weather stations. We foresee in the future to use a combination of sensed variables from cars such as air temperature, traction control, windscreen wipers activity for example to improve observations of road slipperiness and related warning systems that are not restricted to Dutch highways only.

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Initial Results of Monitoring the Temperature on the Facade of Office Building

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.411 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 887 ◽

pp. 411-418

Author(s):

Peter Juras ◽

Radoslav Ponechal ◽

Daniela Štaffenová

Keyword(s):

Temperature Distribution ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Full Scale ◽

Office Building ◽

Wind Flow ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Outdoor Climate ◽

Measurement Units ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Initial Results

This paper deals with creating of the unique measurement units on the building façade, which enable the possibility to conduct a full-scale measurement of the outdoor climate parameters around the building. The façade of the Research center building, which is a part of University of Zilina campus, is equipped with 36 weather stations to measure the outdoor climate conditions and impact of the building on the approaching wind flow, air temperature distribution, solar radiance impact on the façade etc.In this article, the change of temperatures within the time and place on the facade (sides, position, time), is monitored. This takes into account the surroundings of the building and the temperature on the façade and comparison to the measured “basic” air temperature.

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Monitoring of the Airflow around the Façade of an Office Building

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.579 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 887 ◽

pp. 579-586

Author(s):

Peter Juras ◽

Radoslav Ponechal

Keyword(s):

Temperature Distribution ◽

High Resolution ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Office Building ◽

Wind Flow ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Outdoor Climate ◽

Measurement Units ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Very High

This paper describes measurement units on the building façade, which enable the possibility to conduct a full-scale measurement with a very high resolution of the outdoor climate parameters around the building. The façade of the Research center building, which is a part of University of Zilina campus, is equipped with 36 weather stations to measure the outdoor climate conditions and impact of the building on the approaching wind flow and air temperature distribution, solar radiance impact on the façade, etc. In this article, the wind flow around the building in different heights is monitored, analyzed and compared to the free wind flow.

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Intra and inter ‘local climate zone’ variability of air temperature as observed by crowdsourced citizen weather stations in Berlin, Germany

Meteorologische Zeitschrift ◽

10.1127/metz/2017/0861 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 525-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Daniel Fenner ◽

Fred Meier ◽

Benjamin Bechtel ◽

Marco Otto ◽

Dieter Scherer

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Climate Zone ◽

Local Climate ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Local Climate Zone

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Three novel copula-based bias correction methods for daily ECMWF air temperature data

10.5194/hess-2017-93 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fakhereh Alidoost ◽

Alfred Stein ◽

Zhongbo Su ◽

Ali Sharifi

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Bias Correction ◽

Weather Forecast ◽

Correction Method ◽

Temperature Data ◽

Weather Data ◽

Conditional Quantiles ◽

New Methods ◽

Conditional Copula ◽

Weather Stations

Abstract. Data retrieved from global weather forecast systems are typically biased with respect to measurements at local weather stations. This paper presents three copula-based methods for bias correction of daily air temperature data derived from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The aim is to predict conditional copula quantiles at different unvisited locations, assuming spatial stationarity of the underlying random field. The three new methods are: bivariate copula quantile mapping (types I and II), and a quantile search. These are compared with commonly applied methods, using data from an agricultural area in the Qazvin Plain in Iran containing five weather stations. Cross-validation is carried out to assess the performance. The study shows that the new methods are able to predict the conditional quantiles at unvisited locations, improve the higher order moments of marginal distributions, and take the spatial variabilities of the bias-corrected variable into account. It further illustrates how a choice of the bias correction method affects the bias-corrected variable and highlights both theoretical and practical issues of the methods. We conclude that the three new methods improve local refinement of weather data, in particular if a low number of observations is available.

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CrowdQC+—A Quality-Control for Crowdsourced Air-Temperature Observations Enabling World-Wide Urban Climate Applications

Frontiers in Environmental Science ◽

10.3389/fenvs.2021.720747 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Fenner ◽

Benjamin Bechtel ◽

Matthias Demuzere ◽

Jonas Kittner ◽

Fred Meier

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Air Temperature ◽

World Wide ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Urban Climate ◽

Specific Humidity ◽

Data Sets ◽

User Friendliness ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Further Development

In recent years, the collection and utilisation of crowdsourced data has gained attention in atmospheric sciences and citizen weather stations (CWS), i.e., privately-owned weather stations whose owners share their data publicly via the internet, have become increasingly popular. This is particularly the case for cities, where traditional measurement networks are sparse. Rigorous quality control (QC) of CWS data is essential prior to any application. In this study, we present the QC package “CrowdQC+,” which identifies and removes faulty air-temperature (ta) data from crowdsourced CWS data sets, i.e., data from several tens to thousands of CWS. The package is a further development of the existing package “CrowdQC.” While QC levels and functionalities of the predecessor are kept, CrowdQC+ extends it to increase QC performance, enhance applicability, and increase user-friendliness. Firstly, two new QC levels are introduced. The first implements a spatial QC that mainly addresses radiation errors, the second a temporal correction of the data regarding sensor-response time. Secondly, new functionalities aim at making the package more flexible to apply to data sets of different lengths and sizes, enabling also near-real time application. Thirdly, additional helper functions increase user-friendliness of the package. As its predecessor, CrowdQC+ does not require reference meteorological data. The performance of the new package is tested with two 1-year data sets of CWS data from hundreds of “Netatmo” CWS in the cities of Amsterdam, Netherlands, and Toulouse, France. Quality-controlled data are compared with data from networks of professionally-operated weather stations (PRWS). Results show that the new package effectively removes faulty data from both data sets, leading to lower deviations between CWS and PRWS compared to its predecessor. It is further shown that CrowdQC+ leads to robust results for CWS networks of different sizes/densities. Further development of the package could include testing the suitability of CrowdQC+ for other variables than ta, such as air pressure or specific humidity, testing it on data sets from other background climates such as tropical or desert cities, and to incorporate added filter functionalities for further improvement. Overall, CrowdQC+ could lead the way to utilise CWS data in world-wide urban climate applications.

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Os fatores geoecológicos, geourbanos e o clima urbano de Iporá-GO: uma análise a partir do Método de Correlação Linear

Ateliê Geográfico ◽

10.5216/ag.v11i3.39564 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Washington Silva Alves ◽

Zilda De Fátima Mariano

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Spatial Variation ◽

Statistical Methods ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Urban Climate ◽

Temperature Data ◽

Absolute Minimum ◽

El Sistema ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Maximum Air Temperature

Resumo O objetivo desse trabalho consistiu em analisar a influência dos fatores geoecológicos e geourbanos no padrão da temperatura do ar máxima e mínima absoluta em Iporá-GO, por meio do método estatístico de correlação linear. Os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos pautaram-se no sistema clima urbano de Monteiro (2003), com ênfase no subsistema termodinâmico. Os fatores geoecológicos (hipsometria, exposição de vertente, vegetação urbana e hidrografia) e geourbanos (densidade de construção e o uso do solo urbano), foram georreferenciado com auxílio dos softwares ArcGis 9.0, Spring 5.3 e Surfer 9.0. Os dados de temperatura do ar foram coletados entre outubro de 2012 e outubro de 2013, em intervalos de 30 minutos, com termohigrômetros (modelo HT-500) e estações meteorológicas automáticas distribuídos em seis pontos da área urbana e rural de Iporá. Posteriormente, os dados foram organizados em planilhas de cálculos para análise estatística. Os resultados demonstraram que os fatores geoecológicos e geourbanos citados foram decisivos na variação espacial da temperatura do ar máxima e mínima absoluta em Iporá.Palavras-chave: Climatologia, Cidade, Clima Urbano AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze the influence of geoecological factors and geourbanos the standard maximum air temperature and absolute minimum in Iporá-GO, by means of statistical methods of correlation linear. The theoretical and methodological foundations guided in the urban climate system Monteiro (2003), with emphasis on thermodynamic subsystem. The geoecological factors (hipsometria, slop exposure, urban and Hydrography vegetation) and geourban (building density and the use of urban land), were georeferenced with the help of software ArcGIS 9.0, Sprint 5.3 and Surfer 9.0. The air temperature data were collected between October 2012 and October 2013, in 30-minute intervals, with hygrometer term (HT-500 model) and automatic weather stations distributed in six points of the urban and rural Iporá. Later, the data were organized into spreadsheets for statistical analysis. The results showed that geoecological mentioned factors and geourbanos were decisive in the spatial variation of the temperature of the air and maximum absolute minimum in Iporá.Keywords: Climatology, City, Urban Climate ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de los factores geoecológicos y geourbanos en el patrón de la temperatura máxima y mínima absoluta del aire en Iporá-GO, a través de lo método estadístico de correlación lineal. Los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos se basan en el sistema de clima urbano de Monteiro (2003), con énfasis en el subsistema termodinámico. Los factores geoecológicos (hipsometría, hebras de exposición, hidrografía y vegetación urbana) y geourbanos (densidad de edificación y uso del suelo urbano) fueron georeferenciados con la ayuda del software ArcGIS 9.0, Spring 5.3 y Surfer 9.0. Los datos de temperatura del aire se recogieron entre octubre 2012 y octubre 2013, en intervalos de 30 minutos, con termohigrômetros (modelo HT-500) y estaciones meteorológicas automáticas distribuidas en seis puntos de las zonas urbanas y rurales. Posteriormente, los datos se organizaron en las hojas de cálculo para el análisis estadístico. Los resultados mostraron que los factores geoecológicos y geourbanos citados fueron decisivos en la variación espacial de la temperatura máxima y mínima absoluta del aire en Iporá.Palavras clave: Climatología, Ciudad, Clima Urbano

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STUDY ON SEA LEVEL RISE IN THE WESTERN INDONESIA

Marine Research in Indonesia ◽

10.14203/mri.v29i0.419 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 31-40

Author(s):

Hadikusumah

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Sea Level Change ◽

Mean Sea Level ◽

Level Change ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Level Analysis

Study on mean sea level (MSL) rise has been done on tide data at some locations in the Western Indonesia. To account the effect of climate change, air temperature analyses from some weather stations are also performed. The results showed that air temperature has changed between 0.0 to 0.44°C per ten years. The sea level analysis showed that mean sea level at Western Indonesia rise between 3.10 to 9.27 mm per year. Based on the results, the prediction on mean sea level change in the years of 2000, 2030, 2050 and 2100 for Cirebon location are 17 cm, 39 cm, 55 cm, and 92 cm, respectively.

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