scholarly journals Point mutations in helper component protease of clover yellow vein virus are associated with the attenuation of RNA-silencing suppression activity and symptom expression in broad bean

2007 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. M. Yambao ◽  
H. Yagihashi ◽  
H. Sekiguchi ◽  
T. Sekiguchi ◽  
T. Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Helper Component ◽  
Clover Yellow Vein Virus ◽  
Silencing Suppression

scholarly journals RNA4-encoded p31 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus is involved in efficient vector transmission, symptom severity and silencing suppression in roots

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1611-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Danial Rahim ◽  
Ida Bagus Andika ◽  
Chenggui Han ◽  
Hideki Kondo ◽  
Tetsuo Tamada
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Vector Transmission ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Silencing Suppression ◽  
Rna Accumulation

RNA3 and RNA4 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) are not essential for virus multiplication, but are associated with vector-mediated infection and disease development in sugar beet roots. Here, a unique role for RNA4 in virus transmission, virulence and RNA silencing suppression was demonstrated. Mutagenic analysis revealed that the RNA4-encoded p31 open reading frame (ORF) was involved in efficient vector transmission and slight enhancement of symptom expression in some Beta species. No effects of RNA4 on virus accumulation in infected tissue were observed. Furthermore, the p31 ORF was involved in the induction of severe symptoms by BNYVV in Nicotiana benthamiana plants without affecting viral RNA accumulation. In contrast, RNA3-encoded p25, previously identified as a major contributor to symptom induction in sugar beet, had no such effect on N. benthamiana. In two different silencing suppression assays, neither p31 nor p25 was able to suppress RNA silencing in leaves, but the presence of p31 enhanced a silencing suppressor activity in roots without alteration in viral RNA accumulation. Thus, BNYVV p31 plays a multifunctional role in efficient vector transmission, enhanced symptom expression and root-specific silencing suppression.

scholarly journals A Single Amino Acid Mutation in the Plum pox virus Helper Component-Proteinase Gene Abolishes Both Synergistic and RNA Silencing Suppression Activities

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 894-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo González-Jara ◽  
Felix A. Atencio ◽  
Belén Martínez-García ◽  
Daniel Barajas ◽  
Francisco Tenllado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Point Mutation ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Recombinant Virus ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Helper Component ◽  
Silencing Suppression ◽  
Helper Component Proteinase

The effects on symptom expression of single amino acid mutations in the central region of the Plum pox virus (PPV) helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) gene were analyzed in Nicotiana benthamiana using Potato virus X (PVX) recombinant viruses. PVX recombinant virus expressing the wild-type variant of PPV HC-Pro induced the expected enhancement of PVX pathogenicity, manifested as necrosis and plant death. Recombinant virus expressing a variant of PPV HC-Pro containing a single point mutation ( HCL134H) was unable to induce this synergistic phenotype. The RNA silencing suppressor activity of PPV HC-Pro was demonstrated in a transient silencing suppression assay. In contrast, the HCL134H mutant showed no such activity. These results indicate that a unique point mutation in PPV HC-Pro impaired its ability to suppress RNA silencing and abolished its capacity to induce synergism, and clearly shows for the first time the link between these two functions in potyvirus HC-Pro. Additionally, we compared the effects on virus accumulation in N. benthamiana plants infected with either the PVX recombinant constructs or with native viruses in double infection experiments. PVX (+) and (-) strand genomic RNA accumulated at similar levels in plants infected with PVX recombinants, leading to an increase in PVX pathology, compared with plants infected with PVX alone. This finding confirms that the enhancement of pathogenicity associated with synergistic interaction is not a consequence of more efficient PVX replication due to RNA silencing suppression by PPV HC-Pro.

Clover Yellow Vein Virus in Broad Bean.

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Munro
Keyword(s):  
Broad Bean ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Clover Yellow Vein Virus

Comparison of helper component-protease RNA silencing suppression activity, subcellular localization, and aggregation of three Korean isolates of Turnip mosaic virus

Virus Genes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Yeong Han ◽  
Jinsoo Chung ◽  
Jungkyu Kim ◽  
Eun-Young Seo ◽  
James P. Kilcrease ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Helper Component ◽  
Silencing Suppression

scholarly journals Heterologous expression of viral suppressors of RNA silencing complements virulence of the HC-Pro mutant of clover yellow vein virus in pea

2012 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Go Atsumi ◽  
Kenji S. Nakahara ◽  
Tomoko Sugikawa Wada ◽  
Sun Hee Choi ◽  
Chikara Masuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Clover Yellow Vein Virus ◽  
Viral Suppressors

scholarly journals The cysteine-rich proteins of beet necrotic yellow vein virus and tobacco rattle virus contribute to efficient suppression of silencing in roots

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 1841-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Andika ◽  
Hideki Kondo ◽  
Masamichi Nishiguchi ◽  
Tetsuo Tamada
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Negative Strand ◽  
Silencing Suppression ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Many plant viruses encode proteins that suppress RNA silencing, but little is known about the activity of silencing suppressors in roots. This study examined differences in the silencing suppression activity of different viruses in leaves and roots of Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Infection by tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus but not potato virus X (PVX) resulted in strong silencing suppression activity of a transgene in both leaves and roots, whereas infection by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) showed transgene silencing suppression in roots but not in leaves. For most viruses tested, viral negative-strand RNA accumulated at a very low level in roots, compared with considerable levels of positive-strand genomic RNA. Co-inoculation of leaves with PVX and either BNYVV or TRV produced an increase in PVX negative-strand RNA and subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) accumulation in roots. The cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) BNYVV p14 and TRV 16K showed weak silencing suppression activity in leaves. However, when either of these CRPs was expressed from a PVX vector, there was an enhancement of PVX negative-strand RNA and sgRNA accumulation in roots compared with PVX alone. Such enhancement of PVX sgRNAs was also observed by expression of CRPs of other viruses and the well-known suppressors HC-Pro and p19 but not of the potato mop-top virus p8 CRP. These results indicate that BNYVV- and TRV-encoded CRPs suppress RNA silencing more efficiently in roots than in leaves.

scholarly journals Screening and analysis of genes expressed upon infection of broad bean with Clover yellow vein virus causing lethal necrosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji S Nakahara ◽  
Hiroaki Kitazawa ◽  
Go Atsumi ◽  
Sun Hee Choi ◽  
Yuji Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Bean ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Clover Yellow Vein Virus

scholarly journals First Report of Clover yellow vein virus in Grain Legumes in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ortiz ◽  
S. Castro ◽  
J. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Broad Bean ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
First Report ◽  
Clover Yellow Vein Virus

From 1999 to 2002, field surveys were conducted in the legume-growing areas of Spain including Ávila, Badajoz, Cádiz, Córdoba, León, Málaga, Murcia, Salamanca, and Zamora provinces. Leaf tissue from 35 asymptomatic and 224 virus symptomatic plants was sampled and analyzed by indirect-ELISA with a specific monoclonal antibody against the potyvirus group (Adgia, Elkhart, IN). All symptomatic plants of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), broad bean (Vicia faba L.), lentils (Lens culinaris L.), and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were positive for potyvirus infection. Identification as Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was obtained by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA with a polyclonal antiserum (Loewe Biochemica Gmbh, Sauerlach, Germany). To analyze the genetic variability of BYMV Spanish isolates, 33 Spanish isolates were selected at random from our BYMV collection, and extracts from these plants were used with primers 1985 (5′-gagagaatgatacacatactgaa-3′) and 1984 (5′-caaggtgagtggacaatgatgg-3′) to amplify by immunocapture (IC)-reverse transcription (RT)-PCR a 524-nt fragment of the BYMV genome that includes the C-terminal 417 nt of the coat protein and 107 nt from the 3′ untranslated region. The IC-RT-PCR products were cloned into pGEM-T easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and a minimum of three clones from each PCR amplification were sequenced. BLAST analysis showed that the sequences of 30 samples were 96 to 98% identical to BYMV, but three samples (GenBank Accession Nos. EU860364–66) from bean, broad bean, and lentils had a high (98%) identity with Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV). Sequence alignments of the ClYVV Spanish isolates and 14 ClYVV isolates from the GenBank (Accession Nos. AB03308, AB004545, AB011819, AF185959, AF203536, D86044, S77521, D95538–94) were obtained using the Clustal X software. Genetic distances were estimated using the Kimura two-parameter method. Within-population and between-population nucleotide diversities were estimated from the genetic distances (2). ClYVV sequences were phylogenetically separated into two clades: one with the three isolates from Japan (Accession Nos. D89542, D89543, and D89544) and the other with the remaining isolates. Molecular clustering coincides with biology and serological variations of strains 1 and 2 (3). Phylogenetic distances were independent of geographic origin, host, or time of sampling. The nucleotide diversity value among populations (0.18) was higher than within the subpopulations (0.017 and 0.029). dNS/dS in the ClYVV population was 0.031 (<1) and we can conclude that negative selection is occurring in the gene in study and that the population of ClYVV present in Spain is homogenous. In Spain, ClYVV was reported infecting borage (Borago officinalis L.) (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of bean, broad bean, and lentils with ClYVV in Spain. ClYVV might cause important economic losses in grain legumes since it causes an important viral disease of legumes worldwide. References: (1) M. Luis-Arteaga et al. Plant Pathol. 45:38, 1996. (2) M. Nei and T. Gojobori. Mol. Biol. Evol. 3:418, 1986. (3) T. Sasaya et al. Virology 87:1014, 1987.

scholarly journals Precise Exchange of the Helper-Component Proteinase Cistron Between Soybean mosaic virus and Clover yellow vein virus: Impact on Virus Viability and Host Range Specificity

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
J. Abe ◽  
K. S. Nakahara ◽  
M. R. Hajimorad
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Clover Yellow Vein Virus ◽  
Helper Component Proteinase ◽  
Cultivated Soybean

Soybean mosaic virus and Clover yellow vein virus are two definite species of the genus Potyvirus within the family Potyviridae. Soybean mosaic virus-N (SMV-N) is well adapted to cultivated soybean (Glycine max) genotypes and wild soybean (G. soja), whereas it remains undetectable in inoculated broad bean (Vicia faba). In contrast, clover yellow vein virus No. 30 (ClYVV-No. 30) is capable of systemic infection in broad bean and wild soybean; however, it infects cultivated soybean genotypes only locally. In this study, SMV-N was shown to also infect broad bean locally; hence, broad bean is a host for SMV-N. Based on these observations, it was hypothesized that lack of systemic infection by SMV-N in broad bean and by ClYVV-No. 30 in cultivated soybean is attributable to the incompatibility of multifunctional helper-component proteinase (HC-Pro) in these hosts. The logic of selecting the HC-Pro cistron as a target is based on its established function in systemic movement and being a relevant factor in host range specificity of potyviruses. To test this hypothesis, chimeras were constructed with precise exchanges of HC-Pro cistrons between SMV-N and ClYVV-No. 30. Upon inoculation, both chimeras were viable in infection, but host range specificity of the recombinant viruses did not differ from those of the parental viruses. These observations suggest that (i) HC-Pro cistrons from SMV-N and ClYVV-No. 30 are functionally compatible in infection despite 55.6 and 48.9% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity, respectively, and (ii) HC-Pro cistrons from SMV-N and ClYVV-No. 30 are not the determinants of host specificity on cultivated soybean or broad beans, respectively.

scholarly journals Use of pentapeptide-insertion scanning mutagenesis for functional mapping of the plum pox virus helper component proteinase suppressor of gene silencing

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Varrelmann ◽  
Edgar Maiss ◽  
Ruth Pilot ◽  
Laszlo Palkovics
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Genome Amplification ◽  
Helper Component ◽  
Silencing Suppression ◽  
Helper Component Proteinase

Helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) of Plum pox virus is a multifunctional potyvirus protein that has been examined intensively. In addition to its involvement in aphid transmission, genome amplification and long-distance movement, it is also one of the better-studied plant virus suppressors of RNA silencing. The first systematic analysis using pentapeptide-insertion scanning mutagenesis of the silencing suppression function of a potyvirus HC-Pro is presented here. Sixty-three in-frame insertion mutants, each containing five extra amino acids inserted randomly within the HC-Pro protein, were analysed for their ability to suppress transgene-induced RNA silencing using Agrobacterium infiltration in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing green fluorescent protein. A functional map was obtained, consisting of clearly defined regions with different classes of silencing-suppression activity (wild-type, restricted and disabled). This map confirmed that the N-terminal part of the protein, which is indispensable for aphid transmission, is dispensable for silencing suppression and supports the involvement of the central region in silencing suppression, in addition to its role in maintenance of genome amplification and synergism with other viruses. Moreover, evidence is provided that the C-terminal part of the protein, previously known to be necessary mainly for proteolytic activity, also participates in silencing suppression. Pentapeptide-insertion scanning mutagenesis has been shown to be a fast and powerful tool to functionally characterize plant virus proteins.

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