Effects of sex and estrous cycle on the brain and plasma arginine metabolic profile in rats

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxian Zhang ◽  
Yu Jing ◽  
Hu Zhang ◽  
Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
The Brain

Regulation of vasopressin secretion in a patient with chronic hypernatraemia

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Smitz ◽  
Jean-Jacques Legros
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Unrestricted Diet ◽  
Hypertonic Saline Infusion

Abstract. A patient with the chronic hypernatraemia syndrome is described. Using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay, the plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP) level was measured under various conditions. With an unrestricted diet, the plasma AVP level was inappropriately low for the degree of plasma hyperosmolality (0.9 pmol/l and 302 mOsm/kg, respectively). After chronic water loading, plasma osmolality was 271 mOsm/kg, plasma AVP level 1.5 pmol/l, and the urine remained hypertonic with respect to the plasma. During hypertonic saline infusion, plasma osmolality increased from 271 to 294 mOsm/kg without a concomitant increase in the plasma AVP concentration. After sc injection of apomorphine and after haemodynamic stimulation, the plasma AVP concentration increased from 0.8 to 36 pmol/l and from 1.2 to 6.3 pmol/I, respectively. These data demonstrate a selective deficiency in the osmoregulation of the AVP secretion. The observed neuroendocrine abnormalities may be linked to a congenital malformation of the brain.

scholarly journals Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization in Normal Female Rats: Variations during the Estrous Cycle and Comparison with Males

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Nehlig ◽  
Linda J. Porrino ◽  
Alison M. Crane ◽  
Louis Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Brain

The quantitative 2-[14C]deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was used to study the fluctuations of energy metabolism in discrete brain regions of female rats during the estrous cycle. A consistent though statistically nonsignificant cyclic variation in average glucose utilization of the brain as a whole was observed. Highest levels of glucose utilization occurred during proestrus and metestrus, whereas lower rates were found during estrus and diestrus. Statistically significant fluctuations were found specifically in the hypothalamus and in some limbic structures. Rates of glucose utilization in the female rat brain were compared with rates in normal male rats. Statistically significant differences between males and females at any stage of the estrous cycle were confined mainly to hypothalamic areas known to be involved in the control of sexual behavior. Glucose utilization in males and females was not significantly different in most other cerebral structures.

Changes in Multiple Unit Activity of the Brain During the Estrous Cycle

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kawakami ◽  
E. Terasawa ◽  
T. Ibuki
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Multiple Unit ◽  
The Brain

Episodic secretion of vasopressin in man

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hammer ◽  
H. C. Engell
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Baroreceptor Stimulation ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
The Brain

Abstract. The plasma arginine vasopressin concentration (pAVP) was measured in blood samples obtained from an internal jugular vein of 8 patients who under-went surgery for a carotid artery stenosis. Ten blood samples were taken with 1 min interval during the operation. Arterial pAVP was measured in 10 simultaneous samples from a radial artery and the brain veno-arterial difference of pAVP was calculated. The veno-arterial difference was 0–3 pg/ml in 7 of the patients, while it increased to 35 pg/ml upon baroreceptor stimulation in one patient. A pulsatile pattern was found in the veno-arterial difference of pAVP both at low and higher peripheral pAVP levels. This appeared to reflect a discontinuous release of AVP from the neurohypophysis. The described method results in a more accurate picture of ongoing secretory activity than can be obtained by measurements of peripheral pAVP alone. The general usefulness of the method, however, is restricted by the need of a multitude of samples and the difficult approach to the internal jugular vein.

scholarly journals Effect of Centrally Administered Encephalinamides on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Dog

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Kirsch ◽  
Daniel F. Hanley ◽  
David A. Wilson ◽  
Richard J. Traystman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Opiate Receptors ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
The Brain

(D-ala2)-met5-encephalinamide (AM encephalinamide) and (D-ala2)-leu5-encephalinamide (AL encephalinamide) were administered into the cisterna magna in anesthetized dogs to determine whether these opiates effected the neurohypophyseal circulation differently than the circulation of other brain areas. At the beginning of the experimental protocol, animals were given either mock cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) or 5 or 25 mg of AM encephalinamide or 5 mg of AL encephalinamide in equal volumes of mock CSF into the cisterna magna. By 60 min after intracisternal injection, radiolabeled AM encephalinamide distributed throughout the brain with the highest concentration being in the area of the brainstem. Sixty minutes after intracisternal injection, heart rate was decreased 29.0 ± 5.1%, 41.3 ± 4.4%, and 36.0 ± 3.6%, and MABP was decreased 25.2 ± 8.0%, 26.4 ± 2.4%, and 32.3 ± 2.6% in animals treated with AL encephalinamide (5 mg), AM encephalinamide (5 mg), and AM encephalinamide (25 mg), respectively. Neither AL encephalinamide or AM encephalinamide altered CBF or CMRO2 when compared with animals treated with mock CSF, whereas both AL encephalinamide and AM encephalinamide reduced neurohypophyseal blood flow by 30 min (43 ± 11%, AL encephalinamide; 35 ± 7%, AM encephalinamide, 5 mg; 46 ± 8%, AM encephalinamide, 25 mg); the reduction was sustained throughout the 60-min protocol (34 ± 10%, AL encephalinamide; 37 ± 3%, AM encephalinamide, 5 mg; 38 ± 4% AM encephalinamide, 25 mg). Plasma arginine vasopressin was transiently elevated 15 (326 ± 75%, AL encephalinamide; 323 ± 109%, AM encephalinamide, 25 mg) and 30 min (271 ± 68%, AL encephalinamide; 368 ± 136%, AM encephalinamide, 25 mg) in animals treated with AL encephalinamide or AM encephalinamide (25 mg). Intravenous naloxone administered at the end of the 60-min encephalinamide protocol was associated with a rise toward control values in heart rate and MABP in the AL encephalinamide group and in heart rate, MABP, and neurohypophyseal blood flow in both the AM encephalinamide 5 mg and 25 mg groups. These data suggest that encephalinamides may play a role in the regulation of neurohypophyseal blood flow through their actions on opiate receptors.

Relationship between level of neuroactive steroids in the brain and behavior and anxiety of maturing and mature female rats during the estrous cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Sashkov ◽  
N. B. Sel’verova ◽  
E. D. Morenkov ◽  
I. V. Ermakova ◽  
T. I. Buraya
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Orexin A and B levels in the hypothalamus of female rats: the effects of the estrous cycle and age

2004 ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Porkka-Heiskanen ◽  
A Kalinchuk ◽  
L Alanko ◽  
I Huhtaniemi ◽  
D Stenberg
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Circadian Time ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
The Brain

OBJECTIVE: Orexins have been implicated in the regulation of several physiological functions including reproduction, energy balance and vigilance state. For successful reproduction, the precisely timed hormonal secretions of the estrous cycle must be combined with appropriate nutritional and vigilance states. The steroid- and nutritional state-dependent modulation of LH release by orexins, as well as an increase of vigilance, suggest that orexins may co-ordinate these functions in the course of the estrous cycle. DESIGN: We studied the brain tissue levels of orexins in the course of the estrous cycle in young and middle-aged rats. Young cycling rats (3 months old) and irregularly/non-cycling (7-9 months old) female rats were inspected for vaginal smears and serum hormone levels. METHODS: Tissue concentrations of orexin A and B were measured in the hypothalamus and lateral hypothalamus on different days of the estrous cycle. RESULTS: Orexin A concentration in the hypothalamus of young cycling rats was higher on the day of proestrus 5-6 h after the lights were switched on than on the other days of the estrous cycle at the same circadian time. Orexin B concentration was higher on both the day of proestrus and the day of estrus as compared with the days of diestrus. The hypothalamic concentrations of both orexin A and B in the non-cycling middle-aged rats were lower than those in cycling rats on the days of proestrus and estrus. CONCLUSIONS: We have concluded that the high hypothalamic concentration of orexins on the day of proestrus may contribute to the LH and prolactin surges. High orexin A levels may also contribute to the decreased amount of sleep on the day of proestrus.

Influence of the Estrous Cycle on c-fos and CRH Gene Transcription in the Brain of Endotoxin-Challenged Female Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella E. Nappi ◽  
Marie-Josée Bonneau ◽  
Serge Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
The Brain
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