scholarly journals Energy mix, technological change, and the environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelí Bongers
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Mix

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between the energy mix and the environment using a theoretical framework in which two alternative energy sources are considered: fossil fuels (dirty energy) and renewable energy (clean energy). We find that a positive aggregate productivity shock increases energy consumption and emissions but reduces energy intensity and emissions per unit of output as renewable energy consumption increases, that is, carbon emissions are procyclical but emissions per unit of output are countercyclical. Second, an energy efficiency improvement provokes a “rebound effect” above 100% (the backfire effect), resulting in a rise of pollutant emissions by increasing energy use. Third, a technological improvement in emissions leads to a reduction in emissions per unit of fossil fuel, but also implies a slow-down in the adoption of renewable energy sources. Finally, we consider the case of a decentralized economy in which the government chooses an optimal specific tax on fossil fuel to maximize social welfare. We show that the “second-best” policy is highly effective in correcting the negative effects of the environmental externality and able to almost achive the centralized economy outcome.

scholarly journals Clean Energy for Cooling and Heating with Ground Source Heat Pumps

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source

In the recent attempts to stimulate alternative energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings, emphasise has been put on utilisation of the ambient energy from ground source heat pump systems (GSHPs) and other renewable energy sources. Exploitation of renewable energy sources and particularly ground heat in buildings can significantly contribute towards reducing dependency on fossil fuels. The study was carried out at the Energy Research Institute (ERI), between September 2016 and November 2017. This paper highlights the potential energy saving that could be achieved through use of ground energy source. The main concept of this technology is that it uses the lower temperature of the ground (approximately <32°C), which remains relatively stable throughout the year, to provide space heating, cooling and domestic hot water inside the building area. The purpose of this study, however, is to examine the means of reducing of energy consumption in buildings, identifying GSHPs as an environmental friendly technology able to provide efficient utilisation of energy in the buildings sector, promoting the use of GSHPs applications as an optimum means of heating and cooling, and presenting typical applications and recent advances of the DX GSHPs. It is concluded that the direct expansion of GSHP are extendable to more comprehensive applications combined with the ground heat exchanger in foundation piles and the seasonal thermal energy storage from solar thermal collectors. This study highlights the energy problem and the possible saving that can be achieved through the use of the GSHP systems. This article discusses the principle of the ground source energy, varieties of GSHPs, and various developments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects on Regional Production and Employment in Spain of the Renewable Energy Plan 2011–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3587
Author(s):  
Miguel Blanco ◽  
Marcos Ferasso ◽  
Lydia Bares
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Regional Production ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
General Goal ◽  
Constant Shift

The Renewable Energy Plan for the period 2011–2020 established as a general goal to ensure that renewable sources represent at least 20% of final energy consumption in 2020, together with a minimum contribution of 10% from renewable energy sources in transportation for that year. Then, the goal of this research is to evaluate the effects of the regional production of clean energy, identifying the employment generated in the renewable sector. The adopted methodology was the shift-share analysis, frequently used by researchers to analyze territorial differences. Main results showed important differences, at regional level, in the production of this type of energy. Likewise, we used constant shift and constant share methodology to make a forecast on the evolution of the sector from the data of last published years. Pending the approval of the new Renewable Energy Plan for the period 2021–2030, the results obtained in this research allow the identification of the regions that showed a favorable evolution to the energy change and identifies the projects that generate employment and production in the sector.

scholarly journals Use of Renewable Energy in Buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İzzet Yüksek ◽  
İlker Karadağ
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Public Building ◽  
The Right

Owing to factors such as high living standards and digitalization, energy use is growing. However, the proportion of renewable energy sources is also rising in all energy consumption. Given this use of renewable energy, global warming and environmental issues are still rising. Fossil-based energy species are more polluting and resource-stricken than others. Studies on environmental pollution show that fossil-based energies are the most important pollutants. Fossil-based energy source is still the most consumed type of energy. Besides, the renewable energy sources’ consumption is very low. Therefore, it is important to increase the use of renewable energy, which creates cleaner and less emissions. Buildings should have the right clean energy use incentives. The needs such as heating, refrigeration, and lighting can be met by renewable energy. This research aims to explore and demonstrate how renewable energy can profit when fulfilling public building functions. Through using both conventional methods and creative methods together, the rate of use of renewable resources such as solar, wind, and geothermal resources in buildings can be increased. Therefore, major contributions to reducing the environmental issues caused by energy consumption can be made.

scholarly journals Z Source Inverter Topologies-A Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
V. Saravanan ◽  
M. Aravindan ◽  
V. Balaji ◽  
M. Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Converters ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Converter Topologies

Need for alternative energy sources to satisfy the rising demand in energy consumption elicited the research in the area of power converters/inverters. An increasing interest of using Z source inverter/converter in power generation involving renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy for both off grid and grid tied schemes were originated from 2003. This paper surveys the literature of Z source inverters/converter topologies that were developed over the years.

scholarly journals Control of Carbon Emissions by Promoting Economic Growth and Renewable Energy in Newly Emerging Economic Block

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-420
Author(s):  
Farhana Nosheen ◽  
Robina Kouser ◽  
Sadia Anjum ◽  
Mohammad Javeed Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

This research examines the effects of economic growth and energy consumption in the new developing economic block of Silk Road on carbon emissions (SERB). The energy consumption is further synthesized into renewable and non-renewable energy sources to distinguish their role in carbon emissions. This study considered panel data (1995-2014) of twenty-four middle-income countries along the Belt and Road initiative for empirical analysis. The fixed effect, random effect, and GMM methods were performed to confirm the cointegration relationship. Results highlighted the role of economic growth, renewable energy, and nonerasable energy on carbon emissions in the short and long run. Thus, it can be concluded that the newly emerging block resulting from Belt and Road initiative could get the maximum economic benefits of this project by using renewable energy sources. The new renewable energy projects may help increase clean energy and reduce carbon emissions in the emerging economic block due to the Belt and Road initiative.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Sources for the Present and Future: An Alternative Power Supply for Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p18
Author(s):  
Ebuete Abinotami Williams ◽  
Raimi Morufu Olalekan ◽  
Ebuete Ibim Yarwamara ◽  
Oshatunberu Modupe
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Wide Range

It is estimated that at least 600 million people in Africa lack access to electricity and three out of five people don’t have access to electricity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Though Africa is rich in a wide range of energy resources including solar, bio, natural gas, oil, coal and Uranium, the continent is far from energy self-sufficiency. Addressing climate change will require deep and quick reductions in fossil fuel use so that the systems developed around producing, transporting, and consuming energy are decarbonized by the middle of the century. In the ongoing age, sustainable power source has taken another swing to limelight on the planet, particularly in developed and emerging nations, as it assumes a noteworthy part both in economy and the general job of the world. Significantly, Nigeria an oil-rich country, comes as no surprise that almost all of her energy consumption comes from non-renewable energy sources as coal, natural gas and oil, and as such it is highly vulnerable to shocks due to overdependence on the fossil sources; often time is controlled by the international market. On the whole, the fossil fuel is expected to span only but a millennium (1700-2700) of human civilization while the imperative of an energy shortage situation is felt in every sector of the country considering the poor electricity consumptions in the country, which has reflected on the country’s economy and productivity rate. In revamping the economic sectors in Nigeria, the need for an alternative energy sources that is augmentable in supply keeping in view sustainable development as the hallmark for all sector development. Thus far, Nigeria ought to likewise be opened to universal investments as this would help support the improvement of its assets. This paper, therefore, supports no other sources but renewable energy in promoting the countries productivity at all segments. It further stressed on the implementation of the country’s Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) to meet global competitors by the year 2030. Similarly, senior political figures, policymakers and CEOs should engage in a policy dialogue by identifying unique opportunities and best practices for developing and investing in Nigeria and in Africa’s energy markets for “…without this energy supply, the sophisticated skills of the industrial world are merely a burden in the struggle for survival.”

scholarly journals Comparing the European Union and Turkey's Renewable Energy Policies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müslüme Narin ◽  
Younes Gholizadeh
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Renewable Energy Policies ◽  
The Eu

European Union countries (EU), because they have to import a large portion of the consumed energy, on the one hand are trying to develop effective energy consumption, and on the other hand to increase their share of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption. In this context, the European Commission, published "2017 Progress Report" about renewable energy sources in the framework of EU 2020 Renewable Energy Targets". In this report, it is indicated that the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption has been increased to 16,4% and with regards to renewable energy sources, a vast majority of EU countries are compatible with their 2020 targets. The EU's policy towards renewable energy sources supports the "Energy Union Action Plan" in five categories: Energy security, market integration, energy efficiency, decarbonization and innovation. For instance, within the framework of energy security, the increase in EU renewable energy sources saved 16 billion Euros in fossil fuel imports in 2015. In accordance with "Clean Energy Package for Europe", emphasized the importance of providing cheap energy to the countries within EU market. Greenhouse gas emissions have declined with consuming renewable energy sources. The purpose of this study is to provide the latest developments in long-standing renewable energy policies in the EU and Turkey comparatively. In this context, first, the Turkey's renewable energy policies will be studied comparatively, thereafter, the effectiveness of these policies in the EU and Turkey will be investigated.

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

Using Three Approaches To Determine Whether Renewable Energy Sources Have Replaced Fossil Fuel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Cardoso Marques ◽  
Diogo A. Pereira ◽  
José A. Fuinhas
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources
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