Improvement Physical Features Composite Comprise of Strain Nano-metals (Ag, MN) Assembled on Graphene Suspended Inside PEG Matrix and Its Application

In order to get desirable flexible conductive and stretchable materials used as future conductive Devices It should find a pathway or create a new composite that is thermally stable, non-toxic, environmentally inexpensive, easier carrier, and highly efficient. The composite chip is composed of metals nanoparticles (MN, Ag), assembled on a thin layer of Nano Graphene impregnated inside the polyethylene glycol (PEG) matrix. Various characterization had been conducted to demonstrate the physical feature of the new composite, like UV, CVT, TEM, XRD, and TGA.

Nanoscience in the k-12 classroom: More Needed than Ever

The topic of nanoscience and nanotechnology has gained popularity in the last decade with the widespread of its various applications to daily used products and services. This has led to an increased interest by the public to learn more about this unique and small world. However, there is still a significant lack in comprehensively defining the field of nanoscience and understanding its fundamental laws that govern the behavior of particles at the very small nanoscale. It has been noticed from several in-person as well as virtual interactions with educators in the sciences that there is an increased interest in inquiring more about the field and how it is impacting our lives with its ongoing advancements to various aspects of our lives. This was more prominent during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic season as nanoscience and nanotechnology have taken a central role in understanding the disease progression, providing early detection tools as well their significant involvement in vaccine development. I have taken a role in multiple initiatives to illuminate on the involvement of nanotechnology in combating the COVID-19 pandemic and have concluded that there is greater need than ever to integrate the subject matter to the k-12 classroom and educate our future generations on this incredible unique Nano world. Here we will review the need to introduce the fundamental knowledge of nanotechnology into the education curriculum, while emphasizing on its usefulness in fighting infectious diseases such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Semiconductor gas sensors detecting hydrogen peroxide

The results of studies of many types of semiconductor H2 O2 sensors are discussed in this review of 185 articles about hydrogen peroxide. The properties of electrochemical detectors, sensors based on organic and inorganic materials, graphene, and nano-sensors are analyzed. Optical and fluorescent sensors, detectors made of porous materials, quantum dots, fibers, and spheres are briefly discussed. The results of our studies in the YSU of hydrogen peroxide sensors made from solid solutions of carbon nanotubes with semiconducting metal oxides are also presented in the review. The fundamentals of the manufacture of biomarkers of respiration containing hydrogen peroxide vapors, which make it possible to judge the degree of a person's illness with various respiratory diseases (asthma, lung cancer, etc.), are discussed.

An overview on nano-materials as mosquito controlling agents against Anopheles stephensi

Mosquitoes are very obnoxious insects and vectors of many diseases like malaria, filariasis, dengue, yellow fever, encephalitis etc. Among these, malaria is transmitted by Anopheles stephensi mainly in urban areas across the temperate country. So, there is an imperative requirement to imply some mechanisms to reduce the mosquito vector to facilitate the reduction of vector borne diseases throughout the globe. But, mosquito control strategies are now in front of a threat because mosquito populations get resistance against the available synthetic insecticides. Besides the chemical insecticides, several other ways to control the vector population proved unsuccessful in most of the cases. Now, various researchers are trying to develop an alternate effective approach to eradicate malaria from the earth by controlling its vector by using a product which is ecofreindly, cost effective, biodegradable, non-toxic and selective in nature. So, by the amalgamation of the two fields namely the nanotechnology and the vector managements, a new field is now opened up for decades, “the green synthesized nanoparticles as mosquito control agents”. The plant-based, fabricated nanoparticles are beneficial over the synthetic one since it is economical, eco-friendly and non-toxic to nature. Silver, gold, zinc, cobalt, copper etc. nanoparticles are green fabricated with different plant parts, fungi as well as bacteria. These nano-materials are of less than 100 nm in diameter and are currently used in various fields of industry. So, adapting the nano-biotechnology to control the mosquito vector is the need of the hour. In this present review we focused on potential role of nano-materials as mosquito control agent against An. stephensi at different life stages of it.

Inorganic Nanostructured Anion-Exchange Materials Based on Aluminum Hydroxide

Inorganic sorbents, in comparison with ordinary organic ion exchangers, have higher selectivity, radiation, thermal, and chemical stability. Inorganic ion exchangers are universal materials exhibiting both cation exchange and anion exchange properties. In this work, using aluminum hydroxide (AHO) as an example, we study the possibility of expanding the range of metal oxyhydrates that can serve as the basis to produce inorganic anion-exchange materials. The properties of aluminum hydroxide largely depend on the method of its production. This phenomenon is associated with a different state of Al3+ ions in aqueous solutions during hydrolysis. Estimation of the size of the primary particles of hydrated alumina gives a value of 19 nm. The most potent effect on the structure and ion-exchange properties of aluminum hydroxide is exerted by the introduction of alloying elements into its composition. Isomorphic substitution of a part of Al(III) ions in the structure of aluminum hydroxide with ions with a higher charge (Ti(IV), Zr(IV), or W(VI)) leads to an increase in the content of exchangeable OH-groups in the resulting material. The synthesized materials are amorphous substances, to study their structure; the method of diffuse X-ray scattering was used. The Gibbsite structural motif is determined, and structural changes occurring under the influence of various factors, and synthesis conditions are analyzed. By optimizing the composition of the material, it is possible to improve its sorption characteristics significantly. AAW-0, AAZ-0, and AAT-0 anion exchangers synthesized based on hydrated aluminum oxide can be used to purify weakly acidic electrolyte solutions from anionic impurities in the dynamic mode of repeated sorptiondesorption cycles. Materials based on mixed hydrated oxides of various elements can also be used as catalyst supports. Their anion exchange properties allow a wide range to vary the number of different anions introduced into the solid phase and, accordingly, to regulate the number and state of active catalytic sites.

The nanostructured or colloidal state is the fifth aggregate state of substance

The article shows that the basis of nanotechnology is the discovery in the early 20th century of a colloidal (ultradispersed) or nanostructured state of substance, in which the dimensions of physical and/or chemical dispersed phases distributed in the dispersion medium of a substance have dimensions less than 100 nanometers, at least in one coordinate. Since any substance, regardless of its chemical composition, can be converted to a nanostructured state, this state should be considered the fifth aggregate state of substance, along with the solid, liquid, gaseous and plasma states. The transfer of substances and / or materials to the nanostructured state can be carried out by numerous different methods, which defines a wide range of nanotechnologies. And since the nanostructured state is a new aggregate state of substance, it has unique physical and chemical properties compared to the usual solid substance.

PANI Based Metal Oxide Nanocomposite – A Novel Material for Water Purification

In the present work NiO/ZnO was synthesized from combustion method, polyaniline and the polyaniline based NiO/ZnO using chemical oxidation method. The synthesized materials were characterized using XRD and UV/Vis absorbance spectroscopy. From XRD, the formation of NiO/ZnO was confirmed. The study investigates the applicability of NiO/ZnO Nanocomposite as photo catalyst for the degradation of organic dyes. Results suggested an increase in degradation efficiency in the case of polymer nanocomposite when compared to counter parts.

Some Peculiarities of Isotopic Materials Science

The present status of the isotopetronics and its future application is briefly overviewed. Over of last five decades a great number of stable isotopes and well – developed method of their separation has made it possible to date to grow crystals of C, LiH, ZnO, ZnSe, CuCl, GaN, GaAs, CdS, Cu2 O, Si, Ge, α-Sn as well as graphene with a controllable isotopic composition. The use of such objects allows the investigate of not only the isotope effects in diffusion and lattice dynamics (vibrational, elastic and thermal properties) but also the influence of such effects on the electronic states via electron – phonon coupling (the renormalization of the band – to – band transition energy Eg as well as the exciton binding energy Eb) as well as strong nuclear force influence on elementary excitations. The thermal conductivity enhancement in the isotopically enriched materials amounts (C, Ge, Si) to almost 10% at room temperature and is close to a factor of six at the thermal conductivity maximum around 20K (Si-case). The change in the lattice constant is ∆a/a~10-3-10-4, while the change ∆cik in the elastic constants amounts to several percent. Very pronounced and general effects of isotope substitution are observed in phonon spectra. The scattering lines in isotopically mixed crystals are not only shifted (the shift of LO lines exceeds 100 cm-1) but are also broadened. Capture the thermal neutrons by isotope nuclei followed by nuclei decay produces new elements in a very large number of possibilities for isotope selective doping of different materials. Although the technology of isotopic materials science is still in its infancy, it is necessary underline that it has a very wide applications: beginning from optical fibre technology still modern development in isotope information storage and isotope quantum computers.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Alleviate Cyclophosphamide Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a potent anticancer agent. Its clinical use is restricted because of its marked organ toxicity associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) are one of the most abundantly used nanomaterials in consumer products and biomedical applications. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Zn-O nano-particles on hepatotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty four adult male rats (Sprague Dawley) were grouped randomly into four groups of six rats each. Group I. Control group: Received 0.2 ml saline /day i.p. injection for 14 days (day by day), group II (CP group): Received CP 20 mg/kg/day body weight (b.w.) day by day for 14 days by intraperitoneal injection, Group III (nZnO group): Received nZnO (5 mg/kg)/day b.w., intraperitoneally for 14 days. Group IV (CP + ZnO NPs group): Received nZnO group: Received nZnO (5 mg/kg/day) b.w., intraperitoneally for 14 days, plus CP 20 mg/kg/day body weight (b.w.) day by day for 14 days by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of the experimental period, rats were anesthetized using light ether. Blood and liver samples were taken and prepared for biochemical measurements and histological examination. Results: Serum total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels, were reduced in CP group when compared with the control group. In CP-animals treated with nZnO, these parameters were improved when compared with the CP-treated. A significant elevation in ALT, AST, ALP activities and total bilirubin concentration were observed after CP treatment as compared to vehicle treatment. Co administration of Pretreatment and nZnO with CP were reduced the enzyme activities and total bilirubin concentration significantly, as compared to CP-treated animals. Photomicrograph section of liver of nZnO-treated group showing hepatic lobule and hepatocytes surrounding a central vein and normal sinusoid. Liver of CP treated group reveals lobular infiltrate by chronic inflammatory cells congested hepatic sinusoids containing red blood cells with hepatocytes disarray and cloudy swelling, increased sinusoidal Kupffer cells, and hepatocytes with inculpated or triple nucleated. Photomicrograph of the section of liver of nZnO and CP combination group showed, decrease of the inflammation and infiltration of the portal area. Conclusion: It can be concluded that CP induced hepatotoxicity. Treatment of rats with zinc oxide nano-particles and CP together ameliorated the toxicity induced by CP. These results may provide further visions into proper treatment of patients by improving side effects of chemotherapy. However further studies are necessary to establish optimal doses of nZnO and receive the best safety profile.

Panacea for Gynaecological Cancers: pH-Sensitive Nanomedicine

Emergence of various nanoscale drug carrier platforms as Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) has revolutionized the field of medicine. Nonetheless, the side-effects due to non-specific distribution of anticancer therapeutics in normal, healthy tissues remains to be a prime pitfall in curing cancers. Therefore, to achieve a better therapeutic efficacy, the use of a target-specific delivery, combined with a stimuli-responsive nanocarrier system, particularly pH-sensitive nanosystems offer an attractive strategy. Targeted drug delivery through pH-sensitive nanosystems offer the potential to enhance the therapeutic index of anticancer agents, either by increasing the drug concentration in tumor cells and/or by decreasing the exposure in normal host tissues. Therefore, nanoscale-based drug delivery through pH-sensitive nanosystems seem to be a boon for treating gynaecological cancers (as well as other cancers) without side-effects or with least harm to normal healthy tissues.