scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects on Regional Production and Employment in Spain of the Renewable Energy Plan 2011–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3587
Author(s):  
Miguel Blanco ◽  
Marcos Ferasso ◽  
Lydia Bares
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Regional Production ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
General Goal ◽  
Constant Shift

The Renewable Energy Plan for the period 2011–2020 established as a general goal to ensure that renewable sources represent at least 20% of final energy consumption in 2020, together with a minimum contribution of 10% from renewable energy sources in transportation for that year. Then, the goal of this research is to evaluate the effects of the regional production of clean energy, identifying the employment generated in the renewable sector. The adopted methodology was the shift-share analysis, frequently used by researchers to analyze territorial differences. Main results showed important differences, at regional level, in the production of this type of energy. Likewise, we used constant shift and constant share methodology to make a forecast on the evolution of the sector from the data of last published years. Pending the approval of the new Renewable Energy Plan for the period 2021–2030, the results obtained in this research allow the identification of the regions that showed a favorable evolution to the energy change and identifies the projects that generate employment and production in the sector.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF FUEL BY HOUSEHOLDS AND NON-INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
S.V. Radchenko
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

Purpose of the paper is to analyze the available statistical data on fuel consumption by population in every region of Ukraine. To identify similarities and differences in development trends the comparison of structure of final energy consumption in Ukraine and the world was done. The degree of distribution of individual heating systems in urban settlements and rural areas in 2015 is determined. Analysis of the use of the main types of fuel by households sector in regions of Ukraine is performed. The amount of fuel consumed by the population does not linearly depend on the share of individual heating systems in the region (this was shown by an example), therefore to develop strategy for extending the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in the households more factors will need to be considered. Ukrainian and world energy balance data for 2015 (item “Other” which includes residential sector, commerce and public services, agriculture, fishing, other consumers) on the consumption of four main types of fuel (coal and peat, oil products, natural gas, biofuels and waste) were compared. It was concluded that in Ukraine the proportion of basic fuels consumption corresponds to world trends. However, after analyzing the distribution of total final energy consumption certain differences were observed. Analysis of renewable energy sources use by sectors has demonstrated that the residential sector is the leader in renewable energy sources consumption both in the world and in Ukraine. In Ukraine statistical data on biofuel consumption is mainly based on information about firewood and wood biomass consumption. This explains the higher percentage of biofuel consumption in forested areas. It should also be noted that in Ukraine 32% of the wood used by population was sold to households by enterprises and 68% was obtained from self-preparation. Over the past decade consumption of biomass fuel for household needs in Ukraine has doubled, and it is increasingly replacing coal fuel, thus exerting a positive impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Use of Renewable Energy in Buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İzzet Yüksek ◽  
İlker Karadağ
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Public Building ◽  
The Right

Owing to factors such as high living standards and digitalization, energy use is growing. However, the proportion of renewable energy sources is also rising in all energy consumption. Given this use of renewable energy, global warming and environmental issues are still rising. Fossil-based energy species are more polluting and resource-stricken than others. Studies on environmental pollution show that fossil-based energies are the most important pollutants. Fossil-based energy source is still the most consumed type of energy. Besides, the renewable energy sources’ consumption is very low. Therefore, it is important to increase the use of renewable energy, which creates cleaner and less emissions. Buildings should have the right clean energy use incentives. The needs such as heating, refrigeration, and lighting can be met by renewable energy. This research aims to explore and demonstrate how renewable energy can profit when fulfilling public building functions. Through using both conventional methods and creative methods together, the rate of use of renewable resources such as solar, wind, and geothermal resources in buildings can be increased. Therefore, major contributions to reducing the environmental issues caused by energy consumption can be made.

scholarly journals Energy mix, technological change, and the environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelí Bongers
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Mix

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between the energy mix and the environment using a theoretical framework in which two alternative energy sources are considered: fossil fuels (dirty energy) and renewable energy (clean energy). We find that a positive aggregate productivity shock increases energy consumption and emissions but reduces energy intensity and emissions per unit of output as renewable energy consumption increases, that is, carbon emissions are procyclical but emissions per unit of output are countercyclical. Second, an energy efficiency improvement provokes a “rebound effect” above 100% (the backfire effect), resulting in a rise of pollutant emissions by increasing energy use. Third, a technological improvement in emissions leads to a reduction in emissions per unit of fossil fuel, but also implies a slow-down in the adoption of renewable energy sources. Finally, we consider the case of a decentralized economy in which the government chooses an optimal specific tax on fossil fuel to maximize social welfare. We show that the “second-best” policy is highly effective in correcting the negative effects of the environmental externality and able to almost achive the centralized economy outcome.

The Importance of Renewable Energy Systems in Meeting Rising Energy Needs of Megacities in a Sustainable Way: Case Study of Greater Cairo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Abd Alla ◽  
Vincenzo Bianco ◽  
Sofia G. Simoes
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

Abstract Megacities are mainly located in developing countries and face challenges in building infrastructures to ensure modern and clean energy access to citizens while coping with lifestyle changes. This paper assesses the renewables impact on energy transition for megacities (supply and all demand sectors) using the Greater Cairo megacity as case study. The MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) model is applied to the Greater Cairo region to investigate how energy supply and demand will evolve till 2050, and what are the impacts in terms of final energy consumption, GHG emissions, as well as share of renewable energy sources consumption in total final energy consumption considering two different emissions mitigation caps, namely 50% and 80%. Compared to the business as usual scenario, the final energy consumption decreases of 46 PJ and 57 PJ respectively in the scenarios with the CO2 cap of 50% and 80%. Besides, the TIMES-Greater Cairo shows that the fossil free energy options are limited and thus, in order to meet the emission cap, it is necessary to deploy more energy efficient technologies than in the scenarios without the cap. Transport is the sector with the higher CO2 emissions contribution and the optimization results show that it may lower the environmental impact of 28% by 2050 with the sole deployment of more efficient technologies.

scholarly journals The evaluation of the use of renewable energy resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bužinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

There have been many discussions in Lithuania about a strategy for reducing the impact of climate change. Members of the international community agree that reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere is necessary to avoid dangerous climate change. The main greenhouse gas emissions from human activity are carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is mainly produced by combustion of fossil fuels, which are currently used: natural gas, coal, oil, peat, etc. Fossil fuels are still the main source of energy. The amount of energy produced and consumption from renewable energy sources (RES) is increasing both in Lithuania and in Europe. According to the Directive (2009/28/EU) Lithuania has a legally binding target in the year 2020. The share of renewable energy would account for at least 23% of the total final energy consumption of the country. The share of renewable energy would account for at least 10% of the final energy consumption in the transport sector. Lithuania achieved its target and this indicator was 23.9% in 2014. According to the Eurostat data, the share of RES produced from renewable energy sources in the total energy balance is increasing annually. In 2007 this indicator was only 4.7% and it has grown 4 times in 2016. The production of electricity from renewable energy sources satisfied the country’s energy demand by 18.9% in Lithuania. This is the best index so far. Wind energy is the most popular type of green energy, which has been growing at a rate of 5 times in this period. Promotion of the use of renewable resources is provided in the Republic of Lithuania Law on Renewable Energy and the long-term development of the use of renewable resources is provided for in the National Energy Strategy. At this moment Lithuania is a fuel importing country, but in the future Lithuania should produce about 70% of electricity itself. It is forecasted that in 2020 electricity generation in the country should make up 35% of the demand, in 2030 it should be 70%, and in 2050 it should reach 100%. From renewables we should receive a large, almost 80% share of energy. And gas will be a transitional fuel by 2050. The project of strategy states that energy from renewable sources will become a major component of all sectors: electricity, heat, cooling and transport. The objective is to achieve a 30% share of renewables in the final energy consumption balance in 2020, 45% in 2030, and 80% in 2050. The renewables should produce all heat energy and the share of green energy in transport should reach 50% at the end of 2050. The article focuses on the use of the potential of renewable energy sources from agricultural raw materials and their waste. The surplus of agricultural production makes it necessary to look for opportunities to reduce environmental pollution. The aim of the article is to assess the use of potential of renewable energy sources in Lithuania. The results of the analysis showed that increasing energy production is possible not only using wind, solar, water or geothermal energy, but by processing traditional agricultural and animal products and their waste: straw, grain crops, livestock or bird’s excrement, etc. It is recommended to look at the unconventional potential of raw materials, such as sewage sludge, spirits, molasses, etc. The use of biomass has potentially revealed alternatives to biofuels that underpin the use of different generations of biofuels. The use of biofuels in the long term should contribute to the slowdown in climate change.

scholarly journals Control of Carbon Emissions by Promoting Economic Growth and Renewable Energy in Newly Emerging Economic Block

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-420
Author(s):  
Farhana Nosheen ◽  
Robina Kouser ◽  
Sadia Anjum ◽  
Mohammad Javeed Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

This research examines the effects of economic growth and energy consumption in the new developing economic block of Silk Road on carbon emissions (SERB). The energy consumption is further synthesized into renewable and non-renewable energy sources to distinguish their role in carbon emissions. This study considered panel data (1995-2014) of twenty-four middle-income countries along the Belt and Road initiative for empirical analysis. The fixed effect, random effect, and GMM methods were performed to confirm the cointegration relationship. Results highlighted the role of economic growth, renewable energy, and nonerasable energy on carbon emissions in the short and long run. Thus, it can be concluded that the newly emerging block resulting from Belt and Road initiative could get the maximum economic benefits of this project by using renewable energy sources. The new renewable energy projects may help increase clean energy and reduce carbon emissions in the emerging economic block due to the Belt and Road initiative.

scholarly journals Comparing the European Union and Turkey's Renewable Energy Policies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müslüme Narin ◽  
Younes Gholizadeh
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Renewable Energy Policies ◽  
The Eu

European Union countries (EU), because they have to import a large portion of the consumed energy, on the one hand are trying to develop effective energy consumption, and on the other hand to increase their share of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption. In this context, the European Commission, published "2017 Progress Report" about renewable energy sources in the framework of EU 2020 Renewable Energy Targets". In this report, it is indicated that the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption has been increased to 16,4% and with regards to renewable energy sources, a vast majority of EU countries are compatible with their 2020 targets. The EU's policy towards renewable energy sources supports the "Energy Union Action Plan" in five categories: Energy security, market integration, energy efficiency, decarbonization and innovation. For instance, within the framework of energy security, the increase in EU renewable energy sources saved 16 billion Euros in fossil fuel imports in 2015. In accordance with "Clean Energy Package for Europe", emphasized the importance of providing cheap energy to the countries within EU market. Greenhouse gas emissions have declined with consuming renewable energy sources. The purpose of this study is to provide the latest developments in long-standing renewable energy policies in the EU and Turkey comparatively. In this context, first, the Turkey's renewable energy policies will be studied comparatively, thereafter, the effectiveness of these policies in the EU and Turkey will be investigated.

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

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