Original Articles: Relationship Between Root Biomass and Soil Organic Matter Pools in the Shortgrass Steppe of Eastern Colorado

Ecosystems ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gill *, † , Ingrid C. Burke *,
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Shortgrass Steppe

scholarly journals Biotic and Abiotic Determinants of Soil Organic Matter Stock and Fine Root Biomass in Mountain Area Temperate Forests—Examples from Cambisols under European Beech, Norway Spruce and Silver Fir (Carpathians, Central Europe)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Anna Zielonka ◽  
Marek Drewnik ◽  
Łukasz Musielok ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Dariusz Struzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Beech Forests

Forest ecosystems significantly contribute to the global organic carbon (OC) pool, exhibiting high spatial heterogeneity in this respect. Some of the components of the OC pool in a forest (woody aboveground biomass (wAGB), coarse root biomass (CRB)) can be relatively easily estimated using readily available data from land observation and forest inventories, while some of the components of the OC pool are very difficult to determine (fine root biomass (FRB) and soil organic matter (SOM) stock). The main objectives of our study were to: (1) estimate the SOM stock; (2) estimate FRB; and (3) assess the relationship between both biotic (wAGB, forest age, foliage, stand density) and abiotic factors (climatic conditions, relief, soil properties) and SOM stocks and FRB in temperate forests in the Western Carpathians consisting of European beech, Norway spruce, and silver fir (32 forest inventory plots in total). We uncovered the highest wAGB in beech forests and highest SOM stocks under beech forest. FRB was the highest under fir forest. We noted a considerable impact of stand density on SOM stocks, particularly in beech and spruce forests. FRB content was mostly impacted by stand density only in beech forests without any discernible effects on other forest characteristics. We discovered significant impacts of relief-dependent factors and SOM stocks at all the studied sites. Our biomass and carbon models informed by more detailed environmental data led to reduce the uncertainty in over- and underestimation in Cambisols under beech, spruce, and fir forests for mountain temperate forest carbon pools.

scholarly journals Dark Septate Endophytes Isolated From Wild Licorice Roots Grown in the Desert Regions of Northwest China Enhance the Growth of Host Plants Under Water Deficit Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao He ◽  
Wenquan Wang ◽  
Junling Hou ◽  
Xianen Li
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance

This study aimed to explore dark septate endophytes (DSE) that may improve the cultivation of medicinal plants in arid ecosystems. We isolated and identified eight DSE species (Acremonium nepalense, Acrocalymma vagum, Alternaria chartarum, Alternaria chlamydospora, Alternaria longissima, Darksidea alpha, Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, and Preussia terricola) colonizing the roots of wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) in the desert areas of northwest China. Moreover, we investigated the osmotic stress tolerance of the DSE using pure culture, along with the performance of licorice plants inoculated with the DSE under drought stress in a growth chamber, respectively. Here, five species were first reported in desert habitats. The osmotic-stress tolerance of DSE species was highly variable, A. chlamydospora and P. terricola increased the total biomass and root biomass of the host plant. All DSE except A. vagum and P. chrysanthemicola increased the glycyrrhizic acid content; all DSE except A. chartarum increased the glycyrrhizin content under drought stress. DSE × watering regimen improved the glycyrrhizic acid content, soil organic matter, and available nitrogen. Structural equation model analysis showed that DSE × watering regimen positively affected soil organic matter, and total biomass, root length, glycyrrhizic acid, and glycyrrhizin (Shapotou site); and positively affected soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and glycyrrhizin (Minqin site); and positively affected the root length (Anxi site). DSE from the Shapotou site accounted for 8.0, 13.0, and 11.3% of the variations in total biomass, root biomass, and active ingredient content; DSE from the Minqin site accounted for 6.6 and 8.3% of the variations in total biomass and root biomass; DSE from the Anxi site accounted for 4.2 and 10.7% of the variations in total biomass and root biomass. DSE × watering regimen displayed a general synergistic effect on plant growth and active ingredient contents. These findings suggested that the DSE–plant interactions were affected by both DSE species and DSE originating habitats. As A. chlamydospora and P. terricola positively affected the total biomass, root biomass, and active ingredient content of host plants under drought stress, they may have important uses as promoters for the cultivation of licorice in dryland agriculture.

Soil Organic Matter and Nutrient Availability Responses to Reduced Plant Inputs in Shortgrass Steppe

Ecology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 2516-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin H. Kelly ◽  
Ingrid C. Burke ◽  
William K. Lauenroth
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Shortgrass Steppe

scholarly journals Do Grazing Systems and Species Composition Affect Root Biomass and Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Temperate Grassland Swards?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine J. J. Hoogsteen ◽  
Evert-Jan Bakker ◽  
Nick van Eekeren ◽  
Pablo A. Tittonell ◽  
Jeroen C. J. Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Grazing Systems

Elevating soil organic matter (SOM) levels through changes in grassland management may contribute to lower greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and mitigate climate change. SOM dynamics of grassland soils may be affected by grazing systems and plant species composition. We analyzed the effects of simulated grazing systems (continuous (CG), rotational (RG), and lenient strip grazing (LG)) and species composition (monocultures of perennial ryegrass fertilized (LP+) and unfertilized (LP−)), tall fescue (fertilized, FA+), and a mixture of these two species with white clover (fertilized, LFT+)) on root biomass and SOM dynamics in field experiments on loamy and sandy soils in the Netherlands. Dried cattle manure was added to all fertilized treatments. We hypothesized that SOM accumulation would be highest under CG and LG, and FA+ and LFT+ as a consequence of greater belowground biomass production. SOM was monitored after conversion from arable land for a period of two years (loamy and sandy soil) and five years (sandy soil). We found that management practices to increase SOM storage were strongly influenced by sampling depth and length of the grassland period. SOM increased significantly in nearly all fertilized treatments in the 0–60 cm layer. No differences between species compositions were found. However, when only the 30–60 cm soil layer was considered, significantly higher SOM increases were found under FA+, which is consistent with its greater root biomass than the other species. SOM increases tended to be higher under LG than RG. The results of this study suggest that it seems possible to comply with the 4-thousandth initiative during a period of five years with fertilized perennial ryegrass or tall fescue in monoculture after conversion from arable land. It remains to be investigated to which extent this sequestration of carbon can be maintained after converting grassland back to arable land.

Forages underseeded in barley for residue management for potatoes

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Holmstrom ◽  
H. T. Kunelius ◽  
J. A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Berseem Clover

Producers have attempted to increase soil organic matter content in a 2-yr rotation of barley-potato by underseeding barley with forage grasses and legumes. A study beginning in 1996 was initiated to evaluate the effect of this practice on barley yields, root biomass, soil organic matter content, ease of post-harvest tillage as measured by a soil penetrometer and surface plant residue levels for the first year of a 2-yr rotation of barley-potato. Barley seeded alone, barley underseeded with berseem clover, barley underseeded with timothy/red clover, barley underseeded with timothy/red clover fall chisel plowed and barley underseeded with Italian ryegrass were evaluated with and without a fall application of glyphosate on a well-drained, fine sandy loam, Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol soil. Barley yields were not affected by underseeding. Despite an increase in root biomass for some of the underseeded crops, soil organic matter content was not affected. Potato producers attempting to increase soil organic matter content in a 2-yr rotation of barley-potato by underseeding barley with a forage crop are advised to consider using annual forages such as berseem clover or other solutions such as residue management. Underseeding barley with red clover/timothy will require either a fall application of glyphosate or extra spring tillage to eliminate living plants. By underseeding barley, producers are incurring additional costs and eliminating the option of practising residue management, a soil conservation practice, unless they use glyphosate at an additional cost. Key words: Soil organic matter, glyphosate, root biomass, Italian ryegrass, red clover, berseem clover

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