scholarly journals Dark Septate Endophytes Isolated From Wild Licorice Roots Grown in the Desert Regions of Northwest China Enhance the Growth of Host Plants Under Water Deficit Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao He ◽  
Wenquan Wang ◽  
Junling Hou ◽  
Xianen Li
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Osmotic Stress Tolerance

This study aimed to explore dark septate endophytes (DSE) that may improve the cultivation of medicinal plants in arid ecosystems. We isolated and identified eight DSE species (Acremonium nepalense, Acrocalymma vagum, Alternaria chartarum, Alternaria chlamydospora, Alternaria longissima, Darksidea alpha, Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, and Preussia terricola) colonizing the roots of wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) in the desert areas of northwest China. Moreover, we investigated the osmotic stress tolerance of the DSE using pure culture, along with the performance of licorice plants inoculated with the DSE under drought stress in a growth chamber, respectively. Here, five species were first reported in desert habitats. The osmotic-stress tolerance of DSE species was highly variable, A. chlamydospora and P. terricola increased the total biomass and root biomass of the host plant. All DSE except A. vagum and P. chrysanthemicola increased the glycyrrhizic acid content; all DSE except A. chartarum increased the glycyrrhizin content under drought stress. DSE × watering regimen improved the glycyrrhizic acid content, soil organic matter, and available nitrogen. Structural equation model analysis showed that DSE × watering regimen positively affected soil organic matter, and total biomass, root length, glycyrrhizic acid, and glycyrrhizin (Shapotou site); and positively affected soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and glycyrrhizin (Minqin site); and positively affected the root length (Anxi site). DSE from the Shapotou site accounted for 8.0, 13.0, and 11.3% of the variations in total biomass, root biomass, and active ingredient content; DSE from the Minqin site accounted for 6.6 and 8.3% of the variations in total biomass and root biomass; DSE from the Anxi site accounted for 4.2 and 10.7% of the variations in total biomass and root biomass. DSE × watering regimen displayed a general synergistic effect on plant growth and active ingredient contents. These findings suggested that the DSE–plant interactions were affected by both DSE species and DSE originating habitats. As A. chlamydospora and P. terricola positively affected the total biomass, root biomass, and active ingredient content of host plants under drought stress, they may have important uses as promoters for the cultivation of licorice in dryland agriculture.

scholarly journals Biotic and Abiotic Determinants of Soil Organic Matter Stock and Fine Root Biomass in Mountain Area Temperate Forests—Examples from Cambisols under European Beech, Norway Spruce and Silver Fir (Carpathians, Central Europe)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Anna Zielonka ◽  
Marek Drewnik ◽  
Łukasz Musielok ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Dariusz Struzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Beech Forests

Forest ecosystems significantly contribute to the global organic carbon (OC) pool, exhibiting high spatial heterogeneity in this respect. Some of the components of the OC pool in a forest (woody aboveground biomass (wAGB), coarse root biomass (CRB)) can be relatively easily estimated using readily available data from land observation and forest inventories, while some of the components of the OC pool are very difficult to determine (fine root biomass (FRB) and soil organic matter (SOM) stock). The main objectives of our study were to: (1) estimate the SOM stock; (2) estimate FRB; and (3) assess the relationship between both biotic (wAGB, forest age, foliage, stand density) and abiotic factors (climatic conditions, relief, soil properties) and SOM stocks and FRB in temperate forests in the Western Carpathians consisting of European beech, Norway spruce, and silver fir (32 forest inventory plots in total). We uncovered the highest wAGB in beech forests and highest SOM stocks under beech forest. FRB was the highest under fir forest. We noted a considerable impact of stand density on SOM stocks, particularly in beech and spruce forests. FRB content was mostly impacted by stand density only in beech forests without any discernible effects on other forest characteristics. We discovered significant impacts of relief-dependent factors and SOM stocks at all the studied sites. Our biomass and carbon models informed by more detailed environmental data led to reduce the uncertainty in over- and underestimation in Cambisols under beech, spruce, and fir forests for mountain temperate forest carbon pools.

scholarly journals Effects of Straw Incorporation on Soil Organic Matter and Soil Water-Stable Aggregates Content in Semiarid Regions of Northwest China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e92839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ting Wei ◽  
Zhikuan Jia ◽  
Qingfang Han ◽  
Xiaolong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Straw Incorporation

Managing Soil Organic Matter for Alleviating Drought Stress in Dryland Farming in North American Great Plains

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-272
Author(s):  
Wilma Trujillo ◽  
Steven J. Fonte ◽  
Meagan E. Schipanski ◽  
Gary A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
North American ◽  
Dryland Farming

scholarly journals Hyperspectral Inversion of Soil Organic Matter Content Based on a Combined Spectral Index Model

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2777
Author(s):  
Lifei Wei ◽  
Ziran Yuan ◽  
Zhengxiang Wang ◽  
Liya Zhao ◽  
Yangxi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Ridge Regression ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Adaboost Algorithm

Soil organic matter (SOM) refers to all carbon-containing organic matter in soil and is one of the most important indicators of soil fertility. The hyperspectral inversion analysis of SOM traditionally relies on laboratory chemical testing methods, which have the disadvantages of being inefficient and time-consuming. In this study, 69 soil samples were collected from the Honghu farmland area and a mining area in northwest China. After pretreatment, 10 spectral indicators were obtained. Ridge regression, kernel ridge regression, Bayesian ridge regression, and AdaBoost algorithms were then used to construct the SOM hyperspectral inversion model based on the characteristic bands, and the accuracy of the models was compared. The results showed that the AdaBoost algorithm based on a grid search had the best accuracy in the different regions. For the mining area in northwest China, R p 2 = 0.91, R M S E p = 0.22, and M A E p = 0.2. For the Honghu farmland area, R p 2 = 0.86, R M S E p = 0.72, and M A E p = 0.56. The detection of SOM content using hyperspectral technology has the characteristics of a high detection precision and high speed, which will be of great significance for the rapid development of precision agriculture.

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