Evaluation of an intrinsic and a specific vulnerability assessment method in comparison with groundwater salinisation and nitrate contamination levels in two agricultural regions in the south of Portugal

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Y. Stigter ◽  
L. Ribeiro ◽  
A. M. M. Carvalho Dill
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
The South ◽  
Specific Vulnerability ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Agricultural Regions

scholarly journals Vulnerability Assessment as a Basis for Sanitary Zone Delineation of Karst Groundwater Sources—Blederija Spring Case Study

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2775
Author(s):  
Vladimir Živanović ◽  
Nebojša Atanacković ◽  
Saša Stojadinović
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Karst Groundwater ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Vulnerability Maps ◽  
Dependent Model

The application of groundwater vulnerability methods has great importance for the sanitary protection zones delineation of karstic sources. Source vulnerability assessment of karst groundwater has mainly relied on the European approach (European Cooperation in Science and Technology—COST action 620), which includes analysis of the K factor, which refers to water flow through the saturated zone of the karst system. In the paper, two approaches to groundwater vulnerability assessment have been applied, COP + K and TDM (Time-Dependent Model) methods, to produce the most suitable source vulnerability map that can be transformed into sanitary protection zones maps. Both methods were tested on the case example of Blederija karst spring in Eastern Serbia. This spring represents a classical karst spring with allogenic and autogenic recharge. Dual aquifer recharge points out the necessity for the inclusion of the vulnerability assessment method created especially for the assessment of karst groundwater. Obtained vulnerability maps show similar results, particularly in the spring and the ponor areas, and these zones are most important for future protection. The COP + K method brings out three vulnerability classes that can be directly transformed into three sanitary protection zones. Contrary to the previous one, the TDM method uses water travel time as a vulnerability degree. The results show that the final map can be easily used to define sanitary zones considering different national legislation.

Vulnerability assessment of the South-Lebanese coast: A GIS-based approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssra Ghoussein ◽  
Mario Mhawej ◽  
Ali Jaffal ◽  
Ali Fadel ◽  
Roy El Hourany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
The South ◽  
Lebanese Coast

scholarly journals A Community-Based Vulnerability Assessment of Terrestrial Flooding in the South Oropouche River Basin After Tropical Storm Bret

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Don Charles
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
The South ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The year 2017 had a very active season for hurricanes and extreme weather conditions. Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria did damage to several Caribbean islands. Even Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), a country which rarely experiences extreme weather conditions, was affected by Tropical Storm Bret. Tropical Storm Bret caused flooding in T&T, especially in the low lying South Oropouche River Basin.There is a dearth of research conducted in T&T about the impact of extreme weather conditions and flooding on communities and families. Thus, this study sought to conduct a community base vulnerability assessment (CBVA) of the impact of the Tropical Storm Bret induced flooding upon the residents of the South Oropouche River Basin.Primary data was collected via semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to conduct the CBVA. Furthermore, this study introduced a Modal Community Based Vulnerability Assessment Index (MCBVAI) to help determine which factors the residents South Oropouche River Basin are most vulnerable to.This study found that the most vulnerable residents were vulnerable largely to their building of structures at locations unsuitable for housing. Moreover, the most vulnerable residents also built structures that were not resilient to flooding and was elevated less than 4 feet (ft) off the ground. The appropriate policy response for the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GORTT) would be to i) establish building codes, ii) develop a comprehensive spatial planning strategy which prohibits people from building structures in unsuitable areas, and iii) implement disaster risk reduction programmes which focus on improving pre-event disaster preparedness, improving the national and local response, and promoting educational awareness.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of MCDM Methods Integrated with Rapid Visual Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Existing RC Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Harirchian ◽  
Kirti Jadhav ◽  
Kifaytullah Mohammad ◽  
Seyed Ehsan Aghakouchaki Hosseini ◽  
Tom Lahmer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Rapid Visual Screening

Recently, the demand for residence and usage of urban infrastructure has been increased, thereby resulting in the elevation of risk levels of human lives over natural calamities. The occupancy demand has rapidly increased the construction rate, whereas the inadequate design of structures prone to more vulnerability. Buildings constructed before the development of seismic codes have an additional susceptibility to earthquake vibrations. The structural collapse causes an economic loss as well as setbacks for human lives. An application of different theoretical methods to analyze the structural behavior is expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, introducing a rapid vulnerability assessment method to check structural performances is necessary for future developments. The process, as mentioned earlier, is known as Rapid Visual Screening (RVS). This technique has been generated to identify, inventory, and screen structures that are potentially hazardous. Sometimes, poor construction quality does not provide some of the required parameters; in this case, the RVS process turns into a tedious scenario. Hence, to tackle such a situation, multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods for the seismic vulnerability assessment opens a new gateway. The different parameters required by RVS can be taken in MCDM. MCDM evaluates multiple conflicting criteria in decision making in several fields. This paper has aimed to bridge the gap between RVS and MCDM. Furthermore, to define the correlation between these techniques, implementation of the methodologies from Indian, Turkish, and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) codes has been done. The effects of seismic vulnerability of structures have been observed and compared.

The Vulnerability Assessment Method of Railway Network

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Li Haiying ◽  
Xi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Integral Element

Vulnerability in the Railway system is, studied not only from the perspective of network topology characteristic but also as the problem of the level of service relative to structure, nature damage and traffic attribute. Also, emphasis is put on the function of the system rather than the physical network itself, although some of non-serviceability in the railway network is indeed caused by physical failures. The Vulnerability of railway network is thus a decisive factor not only in terms of connectivity, and serviceability, but also in terms of the transport system performance under dynamic process-traffic which should be acknowledged as an integral element within vulnerability assessment. The paper aims at investigating the most typical factors that affect the vulnerability. The vulnerability analysis must consider each factor separately, and, at the same time, as a whole. A method to measure the vulnerability is proposed. Furthermore, this assessment method is used to analyze the Chinese Railway Network (CRN).

Large-Scale Seismic Vulnerability Assessment Method for Urban Centres. An Application to the City of Florence

2014 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Ripepe ◽  
Giorgio Lacanna ◽  
Pauline Deguy ◽  
Mario de Stefano ◽  
Valentina Mariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
The City

The seismic vulnerability assessment of a building requires a comprehensive knowledge of both building structural features and soils geophysical parameters. To achieve a vulnerability assessment at the urban scale a large amount of data would be necessary, with a consequent involvement of time and economical resources. The aim of this paper is hence to propose a simplified procedure to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of urban centres and possible seismic damage scenarios in order to identify critical areas and/or building typologies to plan future actions of seismic risk mitigation and prevention. The procedure is applied to the outstanding case study of the city of Florence. The research is based on the definition of major building typologies related to construction periods and type of the structural system (masonry or reinforced concrete), the identification of a set of sample buildings, the analysis of the dynamic behaviour and the evaluation of a vulnerability index with an expeditious approach. The obtained results allow to define potential vulnerability and post-event damage scenarios related to the expected levels of peak ground acceleration.

A Network Security Risk Assessment Method Based on Immunity Algorithm

2010 ◽  
Vol 108-111 ◽  
pp. 948-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Network Security ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Risk Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Systems ◽  
Security Risk Assessment

Based on the research of domestic and foreign vulnerability assessment systems, in this paper, we propose an improved network security assessment method based on Immunity algorithm. It integrates the advantages of both host based and network based scan system. Our goal is to explore the known security vulnerabilities, and to check hosts’ security effectively as well. It has the features of self-adaptive, distributed, and real time. Therefore, it provides a good solution to risk assessment for network security.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Social Vulnerability Assessment in the Context of Land Use Changes for Sustainable Urban Planning—Case Studies: Developing Cities in Romania

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Camelia Sabina Botezan ◽  
Andrei Radovici ◽  
Iulia Ajtai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Specific Vulnerability ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Urban growth triggers massive changes in land use cover, exacerbating extreme natural and technological events. In order for land use planning to be efficient, it requires the integration of comprehensive risk and vulnerability assessment. This paper aims to create a bridge between the existing vulnerability theories and their implementation in land use planning policies and proposes an innovative approach to determine whether the changes in the territorial dynamics of cities draw considerable changes in communities’ social vulnerability. The methodology identifies and selects three case studies from the Urban Atlas inventory, representative of the dynamics of large Romanian cities, taking into consideration the following hazards: earthquakes, floods, and technological hazards. Vulnerability was then assessed by assigning each land use class a specific vulnerability level. The methodology involved assessing the level of vulnerability specific to the situation in 2018 compared to 2006. The results showed that major changes in land use are related to the transition of areas with a low level of vulnerability to areas with a higher level of vulnerability as a result of the urban areas expansion to the detriment of natural and agricultural areas. This is generally translated into a higher degree of vulnerability due to an increased density of artificial elements and of population in the residential areas. The findings of the study of territorial dynamics in the proximity of large industrial operators did not reveal a tendency that differed from the general trend. Although many territorial changes have been observed in the period 2006–2018, it is necessary to extend the analysis, with the issue of the new versions of the Urban Atlas, to confirm the identified trends and to express the up-to-date situation.

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