Stroke survivors with the same levels of exercise as healthy individuals have lower levels of physical activity

Objectives: To determine the personal and social factors perceived to influence physical activity levels in stroke survivors. Data sources: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and Embase) were searched from inception to November 2020, including reference and citation list searches. Study selection: The initial search yielded 1499 papers, with 14 included in the review. Included articles were peer-reviewed, qualitative studies, reporting on the perceived factors influencing physical activity levels of independently mobile community-dwelling adults, greater than 3 months post stroke. Data extraction: Data extracted included location, study aim, design, participant and recruitment information and how data were collected and analysed. Data synthesis: Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify meanings and patterns, generate codes and develop themes. Five main themes were identified: (i) Social networks are important influencers of physical activity; (ii) Participation in meaningful activities rather than ‘exercise’ is important; (iii) Self-efficacy promotes physical activity and physical activity enhances self-efficacy; (iv) Pre-stroke identity related to physical activity influences post-stroke physical activity; and (v) Formal programmes are important for those with low self-efficacy or a sedentary pre-stroke identity. Conclusions: Physical activity levels in stroke survivors are influenced by social activities and support, pre-stroke identity, self-efficacy levels and completion of activities that are meaningful to stroke survivors.

Download Full-text

Fear of pain and the frequency with which healthy individuals engage in physical activity

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1080/1612197x.2016.1230639 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 300-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julie K. Cremeans-Smith

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Fear Of Pain

Download Full-text

Toward a pragmatic migraine model for drug testing: 1. Cilostazol in healthy volunteers

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102415583986 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 172-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Emma Katrine Hansen ◽

Song Guo ◽

Messoud Ashina ◽

Jes Olesen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Migraine Headache ◽

Drug Testing ◽

Rescue Medication ◽

No Reduction ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Double Blind ◽

Headache Intensity ◽

Accompanying Symptoms

Background A model for the testing of novel antimigraine drugs should ideally use healthy volunteers for ease of recruiting. Cilostazol provokes headache in healthy volunteers with some migraine features such as pulsating pain quality and aggravation by physical activity. Therefore, this headache might respond to sumatriptan, a requirement for validation. The hypothesis of the present study was that sumatriptan but not placebo is effective in cilostazol-induced headache in healthy individuals. Methods In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design, 30 healthy volunteers of both sexes received cilostazol 200 mg on two separate days, each day followed by oral self-administered placebo or sumatriptan 50 mg. Headache response and accompanying symptoms were registered in a questionnaire by the participants themselves. Results Cilostazol induced a reproducible headache in 90% of the participants. The headache had several migraine-like features in most individuals. Median peak headache score was 2 on the sumatriptan day and 3 on the placebo day ( p = 0.17). There was no reduction in headache intensity two hours after sumatriptan ( p = 0.97) and difference in AUC 0 to four hours between two experimental days was not significant ( p = 0.18). On the placebo day eight participants took rescue medication compared to 3 on the sumatriptan day ( p = 0.13). Conclusion Despite similarities with migraine headache, cilostazol-induced headache in healthy volunteers does not respond to sumatriptan.

Download Full-text

Reference for the six-minute peg board and ring test. A cross sectional study

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.4081/mrm.2020.670 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Manjiri Suhas Kulkarni ◽

Gopala Krishna Alaparthi ◽

Shyam Krishnan ◽

Anand Ramakrishna ◽

Vishak Acharya

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Respiratory Muscles ◽

Reference Value ◽

Ring Test ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Elbow Flexors ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Exercise Tests ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: In our daily life, arm activities, whether supported or unsupported play a major role. Both simple and omplex activities require the muscles, namely trapezius, pectoralis minor, scalene, and intercostals, to participate in arm positioning. These muscles also enact as the accessory respiratory muscles. Therefore, arm elevation increases the load on these muscles and they fail to perform dual activities, resulting in arm fatigue and a feeling of dyspnoea in healthy individuals as well as in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Various upper limb exercise tests were designed to measure this impairment, one of them being the six-minute peg board and ring test. The aim of the study is to derive a reference value for the six-minute peg board and ring test among healthy Indian population (Mangalore) from the age of 20-70 years of either gender. Also, to find a correlation among the number of rings and body mass index, arm length, arm and forearm circumference, the strength of shoulder and elbow flexors-extensors, grip strength of both sides and level of physical activity.Methods: Participants performed two tests, thirty minutes apart. They were asked to load as many rings as possible in 6 minutes. Arm length, arm and forearm circumference were measured with a measuring tape. Shoulder and elbow flexors-extensors were assessed using a handheld push-pull dynamometer. Grip strength was measured with the Jamar hand-held dynamometer. Level of physical activity was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire long form.Results: The samples consisted of 450 healthy individuals between the age of 20-70 years. Reference values for each age group for both genders were reported. We found that age was correlated with the six-minute peg board and ring test score (p<0.05). We also found a correlation between the strength variables and the test results (p=0.001). However, no correlation was found between the arm length, arm and forearm circumference and the level of physical activity with the number of rings.Conclusion: In this study, we derived a reference value for the six-minute peg board and ring test. There was a correlation amongn age, strength variables and the number of rings.

Download Full-text

INTERRELATION BETWEEN THE CHANGES IN QUALITY OF LIFE AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 AND CONCOMITANT OBESITY

Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії ◽

10.31718/2077-1096.18.4.71 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 71-75

Author(s):

I.M. Fushtey ◽

Ye.A. Solovyuk ◽

A.O. Solovyuk

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Emotional State ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Patients With Diabetes

The purpose of this work was to study the general characteristics of quality of life (QoL), the effect of overweight on QoL, the nature of eating behaviour in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 and concomitant overweight (OW) and obesity, as well as to establish the correlation with indicators of functional state of the arterial vessels. 64 people (34 women and 30 men) with DM and concomitant overweight and obesity (average age 56.3 ± 10.23 years) formed the 1 group, 34 people (19 women and 15 men), whose average age was 55.6 ± 11.92 years constituted the 2 group, and 28 healthy individuals formed the control group. SF-36v2 questionnaires were used to evaluate QoL. The effect of overweight on QoL was analyzed according to the IWQOL-Lite questionnaire data, the patterns of eating behaviour were determined by the COEQ4 for 7 days using FPRS questionnaire. The functional state of the arterial vessels was assessed by estimating the pulse wave velocity using the automated rheographic complex ReoCom (KhAI Medika (Ukraine)). The patients with DM and concomitant overweight and obesity were found to experience some changes in QoL according to the SF-36v2 questionnaire. The changes were primarily characterized by a decrease in physical activity, as well as in social and emotional status. These changes differed not only from the QoL assessment by healthy individuals, but also from those of patients with DM and normal body weight. The nature of eating behaviour in overweight or obese patients with DM was characterized by an increased hunger in parallel with a worsened emotional state and an increased desire to eat certain types of foods that can contribute to weight gain. Structural changes in arterial vessels that typically are indicative of arterial stiffness correlate with indicators of emotional state and physical activity in patients with DM and comorbid overweight and obesity.

Download Full-text