Distribution of Legionella pneumophila serogroups, monoclonal antibody subgroups and DNA sequence types in recent clinical and environmental isolates from England and Wales (2000–2008)

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Harrison ◽  
B. Afshar ◽  
N. Doshi ◽  
N. K. Fry ◽  
J. V. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Sequence Types

scholarly journals Distribution of Monoclonal Antibody Subgroups and Sequence-Based Types among Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 Isolates Derived from Cooling Tower Water, Bathwater, and Soil in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 4263-4270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Amemura-Maekawa ◽  
Kiyomi Kikukawa ◽  
Jürgen H. Helbig ◽  
Satoko Kaneko ◽  
Atsuko Suzuki-Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACTLegionella pneumophilaserogroup (SG) 1 is the most frequent cause of legionellosis. This study analyzed environmental isolates ofL. pneumophilaSG 1 in Japan using monoclonal antibody (MAb) typing and sequence-based typing (SBT). Samples were analyzed from bathwater (BW;n= 50), cooling tower water (CT;n= 50), and soil (SO;n= 35). The distribution of MAb types varied by source, with the most prevalent types being Bellingham (42%), Oxford (72%), and OLDA (51%) in BW, CT, and SO, respectively. The ratios of MAb 3/1 positive isolates were 26, 2, and 14% from BW, CT, and SO, respectively. The environmental isolates from BW, CT, and SO were divided into 34 sequence types (STs; index of discrimination [IOD] = 0.973), 8 STs (IOD = 0.448), and 11 STs (IOD = 0.879), respectively. Genetic variation among CT isolates was smaller than seen in BW and SO. ST1 accounted for 74% of the CT isolates. The only common STs between (i) BW and CT, (ii) BW and SO, and (iii) CT and SO were ST1, ST129, and ST48, respectively, suggesting that each environment constitutes an independent habitat.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology ofLegionella pneumophilaInfection at a Canadian Tertiary Care Institution

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Nicolle ◽  
H Bialkowska-Hobrzanska ◽  
B Dyck ◽  
L Sekla ◽  
S Parker
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Objective: To characterize the molecular epidemiology ofLegionellaspecies infection at one Canadian tertiary care centre.Design: Twenty-eight clinical isolates and 12 environmental isolates obtained over a six-year period were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of chromosomaldna. Isolates included 15 from 12 patients with hospital acquired illness and 13 from nine patients with community acquired infection.Results: One nosocomial strain wasLegionella micdadeiand one community strain wasLegionella pneumophilaserotype 6; all others wereL pneumophilaserotype 1.rflptyping revealed one clone for all cases of a 1985 single-ward outbreak and five of six nonoutbreakL pneumophilanosocomial cases. Anrflppattern identical or highly related to that of the nosocomial clonal type was noted among nine of 12L pneumophilaserotype 1 community isolates. The remaining three isolates had two relatedrflppatterns distinct from the institutional strain. The nosocomial and community strains were isolated from multiple institutional water samples in the institution. For the environmental isolates, monoclonal antibody typing was more discriminating thanrflptyping: seven monoclonal antibody subtypes were distinguished among 12 environmental isolates comprising three distinctrflppatterns.Conclusions: Despite multipleL pneumophilaserotype 1 strains isolated in the authors’ institutional water, a single clone ofL pneumophilaproduced most disease. Community acquired disease was caused by a wider variety of strains.

scholarly journals Legionella pneumophila: monoclonal antibody typing of clinical and environmental isolates

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Brindle ◽  
P. J. Stannett ◽  
J. O'H. Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Foreign Travel ◽  
Legionella Pneumonia ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sporadic Cases

SUMMARYForty-one clinical isolates ofLegionella pneumophilafrom sporadic cases of legionella pneumonia were collected from laboratories throughout the United Kingdom and were compared with 300 routine environmental isolates using two panels of monoclonal antibodies, covering serogroups 1–10. Eighty-five per cent of the clinical isolates belonged to the subgroup Pontiac of serogroup 1, whilst only 13% of the environmental isolates did. Approximately half of the clinical isolates tested came from patients with a recent history of foreign travel, mainly to southern Europe.

scholarly journals Characterization of Legionella pneumophila isolates from patients in Japan according to serogroups, monoclonal antibody subgroups and sequence types

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Amemura-Maekawa ◽  
Fumiaki Kura ◽  
Jürgen H. Helbig ◽  
Bin Chang ◽  
Akiko Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Discrimination Index ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The World ◽  
Bath Water ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Sequence Types

We collected 86 unrelated clinical Legionella pneumophila strains that were isolated in Japan during the period 1980–2008. Most (80.2 %) belonged to serogroup 1, followed by serogroups 5, 3 and 2. Interestingly, the patients with L. pneumophila serogroup 1 had a significantly higher male-to-female ratio (12.4) than the patients with other L. pneumophila serogroups (2.0) (OR, 10.5; 95 % CI, 2.5–44.5). When the serogroup 1 strains were analysed by monoclonal antibody (mAb) typing, the most prevalent subgroup was Benidorm (34.9 % of all isolates). Moreover, 79.7 % of the serogroup 1 isolates were bound by mAb 3/1, which recognizes the virulence-associated epitope. When all 86 isolates were subjected to sequence-based typing (SBT) using seven loci, they could be divided into 53 sequence types (STs). The ST with the most isolates (seven) was ST1, to which most isolates from patients and environments around the world belong. However, six of the seven ST1 isolates were isolated before 1994. Other major STs were ST306 (n=6), ST120 (n=5) and ST138 (n=5). All ST306 and ST138 isolates, except for one isolate (ST306), were suspected or confirmed to be derived from bath water, which suggests that these strains prefer bath habitats. The sources of all ST1 and ST120 isolates remain unclear. By combining the SBT and mAb data, the 86 isolates could be divided into 59 types (discrimination index, 0.984). This confirms the usefulness of this combination in epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Lessons From an Outbreak of Legionnaires’ Disease on a Hematology-Oncology Unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise K. Francois Watkins ◽  
Karrie-Ann E. Toews ◽  
Aaron M. Harris ◽  
Sherri Davidson ◽  
Stephanie Ayers-Millsap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Water System ◽  
Positive Sequence ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Oncology Unit ◽  
Healthcare Associated

OBJECTIVESTo define the scope of an outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease (LD), to identify the source, and to stop transmission.DESIGN AND SETTINGEpidemiologic investigation of an LD outbreak among patients and a visitor exposed to a newly constructed hematology-oncology unit.METHODSAn LD case was defined as radiographically confirmed pneumonia in a person with positive urinary antigen testing and/or respiratory culture forLegionellaand exposure to the hematology-oncology unit after February 20, 2014. Cases were classified as definitely or probably healthcare-associated based on whether they were exposed to the unit for all or part of the incubation period (2–10 days). We conducted an environmental assessment and collected water samples for culture. Clinical and environmental isolates were compared by monoclonal antibody (MAb) and sequence-based typing.RESULTSOver a 12-week period, 10 cases were identified, including 6 definite and 4 probable cases. Environmental sampling revealedLegionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 (Lp1) in the potable water at 9 of 10 unit sites (90%), including all patient rooms tested. The 3 clinical isolates were identical to environmental isolates from the unit (MAb2-positive, sequence type ST36). No cases occurred with exposure after the implementation of water restrictions followed by point-of-use filters.CONCLUSIONSContamination of the unit’s potable water system with Lp1 strain ST36 was the likely source of this outbreak. Healthcare providers should routinely test patients who develop pneumonia at least 2 days after hospital admission for LD. A single case of LD that is definitely healthcare associated should prompt a full investigation.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:306–313

scholarly journals Transmission of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in the Hospital Setting: Uncovering the Patient–Environment Interplay

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos L. Correa-Martinez ◽  
Hauke Tönnies ◽  
Neele J. Froböse ◽  
Alexander Mellmann ◽  
Stefanie Kampmeier
Keyword(s):  
Core Genome ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sequence Types

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are relevant nosocomial pathogens with an increasing incidence in the last decades. Their transmission is optimal in the hospital setting, as it offers two potential, large reservoirs that are closely related: susceptible patients and their environment. Here we investigate the role of the hospital environment in the nosocomial transmission of VRE by establishing concrete links between contaminated surfaces and colonized/infected patients in outbreak and non-outbreak settings. Environmental and patient VRE isolates were collected between 2013 and 2019 and analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), subsequent multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and core genome (cg) MLST. Pairs of isolates differing in <3 alleles were rated as closely related, making a transmission likely. Fifty-three environmental VRE isolates were analyzed. MLST sequence types (ST) ST203 (50.0%), ST192 (21.3%), ST117 (17.3%), ST721 (8.8%), ST80 (2%), and ST1489 (0.7%) were detected, carrying the resistance determinants vanA (72.7%), vanB (24%), or both (3.3%). Of the 53 environmental isolates, 51 were found to form five clusters with genetically related patient isolates (n = 97 isolates). WGS confirms the role of the environment in the transmission dynamics of VRE in both the outbreak and non-outbreak settings, highlighting the importance of prevention and control of VRE spread.

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