An integrated strategy targeting drying and cooling unit operations to improve economic viability and reduce environmental impacts in a mango processing plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Aaron Dzigbor ◽  
Annie Chimphango
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Integrated Strategy ◽  
Cooling Unit

scholarly journals Economic Viability and Socio-Environmental Impacts of Solar Home Systems for Off-Grid Rural Electrification in Bangladesh

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Anindita Sarker ◽  
Shouyang Wang ◽  
K M Mehedi Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Khalid Anser ◽  
Zeraibi Ayoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Home Systems

This study conducted a questionnaire-led survey to explore the financial feasibility and socio-environmental impacts of stand-alone solar home systems (SHS) through stratified random sampling. Based on the above consideration, fifteen cases of studies of various watt peak (Wp) capacities have been investigated to evaluate the economic viability of solar home systems. The results revealed that most of the cases have positive net present value (NPV) and low payback periods, with an internal rate of return (IRR) value ranging from 16% to 131%, which signifies a high rate of investment exchange. Solar home systems are economically profitable for micro-enterprises and households with low-income generation activities as opposed to the households using it only for lighting. The study found that solar home systems with a capacity above 30 Wp are the most economically viable option, which can also avoid 6.15 to 7.34 tonnes of CO2 emissions during the 20 years of life-cycle, while providing different applications including lighting, recreation, information, health, and economic benefits.

Environmental Impact of Fossil Fuel Fired Co-Generation Plants Using a Numerically Standardized LCA Scheme

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anugerah Widiyanto ◽  
Seizo Kato ◽  
Naoki Maruyama ◽  
Yoshimasa Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Waste Processing

This paper describes the LCA environmental impacts resulting from fuel fired co-generation systems using our NETS (Numerical Eco-load Total Standard, [1]) scheme having GUI (Graphic User Interface). Following a brief introduction of the NETS evaluation method, firstly the total eco-load from commercial electricity power plants in Japan is numerically calculated in the NETS unit. We take here almost all factors into account including fuel mining, transportation and processing, plant manufacturing, assembling and its building construction, fuel consumption and maintenance during twenty durable years, plant dismantling and waste processing, thermal efficiency and delivery loss, etc. This evaluation greatly helps in the eco-load estimation of co-generation plants when electricity purchase is needed during the plant operation with a minimum eco-load. Next, co-generation systems are paid attention to their ecological effectiveness. Here, we select different fuel fired co-generation plants of natural gas, heavy oil, and coal. Environmental impacts resulting from the respective plants include fossil fuel depletion and natural resources depletion, global warming due to green house gases, ozone layer depletion due to CFC type gas emission, various water and air pollution, rain acidification due to NOx and SOx, waste processing, recycling etc. Each item can be successfully calculated from the inventory database accumulated by authors. Hourly energy demands of electricity and heat (steam, hot water and cold water) are set to a typical model for eight office buildings and two hotels. The NETS method is applied to the co-generation model, resulting in the best cost-operating scheme of co-generation plants with a minimum environmental impact.

scholarly journals Mineral paste production from phosphate rock tailings

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
André Carlos Silva ◽  
Elenice Maria Schons Silva ◽  
Ângelo Pereira da Silva Junior ◽  
João Paulo Aparecido Arruda ◽  
Vitor Rodrigues de Araújo Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Tailings Dam ◽  
Vacuum Filtration ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Industrial Unit ◽  
Anglo American

The dewatering stage is among the most important industrial unit operations, and is widely adopted in many different industries. Nowadays, mineral processing tailings disposal is a big problem due to the environmental degradation it causes. The phosphate rock processing in Anglo American Phosphate Brazil, situated in Catalão/ Go/Brazil, generates around 180 t/h of tailings for a plant feed of 480 t/h (approximately 37.5% of the processing plant feed), with 5 to 10% of solids and approximately 14% of P2O5. Nowadays, the tailings are sent directly to the tailings dam. The present work proposes paste production using the tailings from the phosphate rock processing plant. Through decantation of a tailings sample, a clarified liquid was obtained and drained. The decanted pulp then went through a second stage consisting of vacuum filtration. Flocculant addition in this stage generated a faster sedimentation rate and a higher dewatering performance in next stage of dewatering, because the flocculated material was retained by the filter medium instead of passing through it. The results were satisfactory for paste tailings production with a solid percentage of around 65%.

scholarly journals Rate-limiting mechanisms of water removal during the formation, vacuum dewatering, and wet-pressing of paper webs: A review

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9672-9755
Author(s):  
Martin A. Hubbe ◽  
Björn Sjöstrand ◽  
Lars Nilsson ◽  
Antti Koponen ◽  
J. David McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Reliable Control ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Paper Webs ◽  
Vacuum Dewatering ◽  
Rate Limiting

Because some of the critical events during the removal of water before the dryer section on a paper machine happen very rapidly within enclosed spaces – such as wet-press nips – there have been persistent challenges in understanding the governing mechanisms. In principle, a fuller understanding of the controlling mechanisms, based on evidence, should permit progress in achieving both higher rates of production of paper and more reliable control of paper attributes. In addition, energy can be saved, reducing environmental impacts. The goal of this article is to review published work dealing both with the concepts involved in water removal and evidence upon which existing and new theories can be based. The scope of this review includes all of the papermaking unit operations between the jet coming from the headbox and the final wet-press nip of an industrial-scale paper machine. Published findings support a hypothesis that dewatering rates can be decreased by densification of surface layers, plugging of drainage channels by fines, sealing effects, flocculation, and rewetting. Ways to overcome such effects are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Desempenho ambiental e viabilidade econômica em uma indústria de pavimentos intertravados

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-684
Author(s):  
Adriana Ireno de Souza ◽  
Leonardo Alves de Oliveira Casimiro ◽  
Emanuel Campigotto Sandri ◽  
Jerry Adriani Johann ◽  
Geysler Rogis Flor Bertolini
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose – This study’s main objective is to verify if there is a relation between proactivity and technological protection in the environmental performance of the ventures in this segment. And check if there is economic feasibility to produce interlocking concrete paving blocks with the addition of rubber, as well as the certification of the product as ecologically friendly.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on the methodologies shown by Dickel (2017), questionnaire and variables, and Bertolini (2009), economic viability for the manufacture of ecologically friendly products.Findings – As a result, the study confirms the association between technological protection and proactivity in environmental performance, as well as the economic viability for the offer of the interlocking concrete paving product with ecological certification.Originality/value – Civil construction occupies a prominent position, accounting for a significant portion of Brazil's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as well as being the largest employer industry in the country. It is also recognized as having significant environmental impacts in the conduct of its activities. However, the search for sustainability has been a mobilizing element in the definition of corporate strategies, companies have been seeking more and more actions that are economically viable, respecting environmental and social aspects.

scholarly journals Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Five Greek Yogurt Production Systems: A Perspective beyond the Plant Boundaries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Houssard ◽  
Dominique Maxime ◽  
Scott Benoit ◽  
Yves Pouliot ◽  
Manuele Margni
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Technology Choice ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Acid Whey

Greek yogurt (GY), a high-protein-low-fat dairy product, particularly prized for its sensory and nutritional benefits, revolutionized the North American yogurt market in less than a decade, bringing with it new sustainability challenges. The standard production of GY generates large volumes of acid whey, a co-product that is a potential source of environmental pollution if not recovered. This study aims to assess the environmental performance of different technologies and identify the main factors for improving GY production. A complete life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to compare the standard technology (centrifugation) with two new technologies (fortification and ultrafiltration) to reduce acid whey volumes. Three milk protein concentrate alternatives were also assessed. Results show that the technology choice is not a clear discriminant factor. However, minimizing losses and wastage (accounting for 23 to 25% of the environmental impacts for all indicators) beyond the processing plant and selecting milk ingredients (accounting for 63 to 67% of the impacts) with low environmental impacts are key factors in improving the environmental performance of GY systems. From a methodological perspective, the results also highlight a shortcoming in the current International Dairy Federation LCA guidelines (2015) for treating the multifunctionality of GY systems.

scholarly journals Disposal of Animal Waste as a Risk Factor in the Spread of Zoonotic Pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Nada Plavša ◽  
Stoja Jotanović ◽  
Đorđe Savić
Keyword(s):  
Animal Origin ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
The Republic ◽  
By Products

The aim of this study is to give an overview of the production and management of animal waste in the Republic of Serbia, and to emphasize the importance of this issue and its proper solution. Disposal of animal waste is a significant prophylactic measure, aimed at detecting, preventing, suppressing and eradicating infectious and parasitic diseases in humans and animals. The process of animal waste disposal starts from the manufacturer, who is responsible for ensuring safe storage of waste in a cooling unit, until its final removal in the processing plant. Disposal of animal waste must be done in a safe way otherwise dangerous pathogens can be spread by water, air and soil and can endanger the health of the population. In the European Union, and the Republic of Serbia accordingly, the legislation was introduced regulating the ways of managing animal waste, categorizing hazardous waste and ways to its secure resolving, with member states obliged to respect and apply the methods of safe handling of by-products of animal origin.

PASSION FRUIT BY-PRODUCT: PROCESS DESIGN OF PECTIN PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Cariny Maria Polesca de Freitas ◽  
Ricardo David Martins ◽  
Manoela Maciel dos Santos Dias ◽  
Jane Sélia dos Reis Coimbra ◽  
Rita de Cássia Superbi de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Juice Processing ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Balance Energy ◽  
Solid Liquid

This work aimed to dimension a processing line for the extraction of pectin from passion fruit peels to the scale-up of an industrial pulp and juice processing plant. Taking into account that a medium-sized industry in Brazil processes 3,000 tons of passion fruit annually, the production of pectin was 23,934.24 kg·year-1, under the extraction conditions of 80 °C, 52.5 min, and 0.0002 mol·L-1 of citric acid. The process includes unit operations such as solid-liquid extraction, filtration, drying, and grinding of the pectin. The calculations of mass balance, energy balance, and the dimensioning of the equipment were made from data provided by the literature and by equipment suppliers. The results achieved help in the implementation of this process on an industrial scale.

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