Stress impact of liposomes loaded with ciprofloxacin on the expression level of MepA and NorB efflux pumps of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hassan Ibrahim Faraag ◽  
Medhat W. Shafaa ◽  
Nourhan S. Elkholy ◽  
Lina Jamil M. Abdel-Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Activity of Pechuel-Loeschea leubnitziae Leaf Extract and its Effect on The Expression Level of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Candida albicans Virulence-Associated Genes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariah Ndilimeke Muhongo ◽  
Mourine Kangogo ◽  
Christine Bii
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

The complete halt in the synthesis of new effective antimicrobial compounds is a global concern. Pathogenic microorganisms' virulence mechanisms seem to have a significant impact on their pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol and methanol fractions of Pechuel-Loeschea leubnitziae leaf extract, as well as its effect on the expression level of virulence-associated genes.The extract's fractions were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans ATCC 90029. The test organism's antibiogram pattern was determined. The extracts' attenuation effect on the target genes of the susceptible organisms was investigated employing relative quantification using RT-qPCR. The test organism's antibiogram pattern revealed that it was drug-resistant, intermediate, and sensitive. The extracts tested positive for antimicrobial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans ATCC 90029, with zones of inhibition varying from 20.33 to 29 mm. The lowest recorded MIC value was 4.688 mg/ml, while the highest was 37.5 mg/ml. In contrast to the methanol extract, the ethanol extract had a cidal action at a lower dose. The ethanol extract's Sub-MIC (18.25 mg/ml) merely reduced the expression of the hly gene in MRSA. The MRSA virulence genes were not suppressed by the sub-MIC of methanol extract (18.25 mg/ml). Notably, the expression of als1, pbl1, and sap1 in Candida albicans ATCC 90029 was significantly attenuated when exposed to sub-MICs of ethanol extract (2,344 mg/ml) and methanol extract (9.375 mg/ml). Per the findings of this research, the leaves of P. leubnitziae could be a source of an effective antimicrobial agent in the therapy of MRSA/Candida-related disorders.

Inside Cover: Efflux Pumps Might Not Be the Major Drivers of QAC Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ChemBioChem 16/2017)

ChemBioChem ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 1560-1560
Author(s):  
Megan C. Jennings ◽  
Megan E. Forman ◽  
Stephanie M. Duggan ◽  
Kevin P. C. Minbiole ◽  
William M. Wuest
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

scholarly journals Effect of trans-Cinnamaldehyde on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation: Metabolic Activity Assessment and Analysis of the Biofilm-Associated Genes Expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kot ◽  
Hubert Sytykiewicz ◽  
Iwona Sprawka ◽  
Małgorzata Witeska
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Fibrinogen Binding ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Laminin Binding Protein

The effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on transcriptional profiles of biofilm-associated genes and the metabolic activity of two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains showing a different degree of adherence to polystyrene, were evaluated. Metabolic activity of S. aureus in biofilm was significantly decreased in the presence of TC at 1/2 minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC). Expression levels of the genes encoding laminin binding protein (eno), elastin binding protein (ebps) and fibrinogen binding protein (fib) in the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC were lower than in untreated biofilm in both the weakly and strongly adhering strain. The highest decrease of expression level was observed in case of fib in the strongly adhering strain, in which the amount of fib transcript was 10-fold lower compared to biofilm without TC. In the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC after 3, 6, 8 and 12 h, the expression level of icaA and icaD, that are involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, was above half lower in the weakly adhering strain compared to biofilm without TC. In the strongly adhering strain the highest decrease in expression of these genes was observed after 3 and 6 h. This study showed that TC is a promising anti-biofilm agent for use in MRSA biofilm-related infections.

scholarly journals Fluoroquinolone resistant mechanisms in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Cairo, Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 796-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha A Hashem ◽  
Aymen S Yassin ◽  
Hamdallah H Zedan ◽  
Magdy A Amin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Health Care Settings

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a persistent problem in community and health care settings. Fluoroquinolones are among the drugs of choice used to treat MRSA infections. This study aims to identify different mechanisms of fluoroquinolne resistance in local MRSA random sampling isolates in Cairo, Egypt. Methodology: A total of 94 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from two major University hospitals in Cairo. Identification was confirmed by appropriate morphological, cultural, and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined for all isolates. The possible involvement of efflux pumps in mediating fluoroquinolone resistance as well as changes in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and gyrB genes were investigated Results: A total of 45 isolates were found to be MRSA, among which 26 isolates were found to be fluoroquinolone-resistant. The MIC values of the tested fluoroquinolones in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitors omeprazole and piperine were reduced. Measuring the uptake of ciprofloxacin upon the addition of the efflux pump inhibitor omeprazole, an increased level of accumulation was observed. Non-synonymous and silent mutations were detected in the QRDR of gyrA and gyrB genes. Conclusions: These results shed light on some of the resistance patterns of MRSA strains isolated from local health care settings in Cairo, Egypt. The resistance of these MRSA towards fluoroquinolones does not depend only on mutation in target genes; other mechanisms of resistance such as the permeability effect, efflux pumps and decreased availability of quinolones at the target site can also be involved.

scholarly journals Distribution of Antiseptic Resistance GenesqacA, qacB, andsmrin Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated in Toronto, Canada, from 2005 to 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 2999-3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Longtin ◽  
Christine Seah ◽  
Krystal Siebert ◽  
Allison McGeer ◽  
Andrew Simor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTDecreased susceptibility to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHDN) in methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is associated with theqacA,qacB, andsmrgenes, encoding efflux pumps. A total of 334 MRSA isolates were collected from two Canadian intensive care units between 2005 and 2009. We identified theqacABgenes in 7 strains (2%; 2qacAgenes and 5qacBgenes) and thesmrgene in 23 (7%) strains. CHDN minimal bactericidal concentrations were slightly higher for strains harboringsmrgenes.

scholarly journals Efflux Pumps Might Not Be the Major Drivers of QAC Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

ChemBioChem ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 1573-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan C. Jennings ◽  
Megan E. Forman ◽  
Stephanie M. Duggan ◽  
Kevin P. C. Minbiole ◽  
William M. Wuest
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Methicillin Resistant
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