Identification and expression of liver-specific genes after LPS challenge in amphioxus: the hepatic cecum as liver-like organ and “pre-hepatic” acute phase response

The potential effect of prenatal LPS exposure on the postnatal acute phase response (APR) to an LPS challenge in heifers was determined. Pregnant crossbred cows were separated into prenatal immune stimulation (PIS) and saline groups (Control). From these treatments, heifer calves were identified at weaning to subsequently receive an exogenous LPS challenge. Sickness behavior scores (SBS) were recorded and blood samples were collected at 30-min intervals from −2 to 8 h and again at 24 h relative to the LPS challenge. There was a treatment × time interaction for the change in vaginal temperature (VT) such that the change in VT was greater in Control than PIS from 150 to 250 min, yet it was greater in PIS than Control from 355 to 440 min and from 570 to 1145 min. There was also a treatment × time interaction for SBS such that scores were greater in Control than PIS at 0.5 h, yet were greater in PIS than Control from 2.5 to 4 h post-LPS. There was a tendency for a treatment × time interaction for serum concentrations of IL-6, which were greater in PIS than Control heifers from 5.5 to 6 h and from 7 to 8 h post-challenge. Thus, a single exposure to LPS during gestation can alter the postnatal APR to LPS in heifer calves.

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Acute phase response in lactating dairy cows during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic and hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamps and after intramammary LPS challenge

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1111/jpn.12463 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 101 (3) ◽

pp. 511-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. De Matteis ◽

G. Bertoni ◽

R. Lombardelli ◽

O. Wellnitz ◽

H. A. Van Dorland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

Phase Response ◽

Lps Challenge ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

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Acute phase response in zebrafish embryo/larva with special emphasis on LPS-induced changes in expression pattern of acute phase protein genes

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315414000150 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (7) ◽

pp. 1569-1580 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Weiwei Sun ◽

Zongyao Li ◽

Shicui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

De Novo ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Phase Response ◽

Lps Challenge ◽

Genes Encoding

Acute phase response (APR) in developing embryos/larvae remains poorly studied in fish, and information regarding the expression and role of acute phase proteins (APPs) in developing embryos/larvae is rather limited in teleosts. In this study we investigated the APR in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae challenged with LPS by examining the expression of APP genes encoding CRP, SAA, LECT2, HAMP and HP and APP inducer genes encoding IL-1β and TNF-α. Expression of all the seven genes was up-regulated in embryos/larvae after challenge with LPS as revealed by q-RT-PCR. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) showed that all the genes displayed strong maternal expression in the cleavage and blastula stages, and ubiquitous expression in the gastrula and segmentation stage embryos, and then they were expressed differently in specific tissues in later developmental stages. Interestingly, challenge with LPS resulted in de novo expression of the SAA gene in the yolk sac and intestine, the LECT2 gene in the yolk sac, and the IL-1β gene in the yolk sac and the dispersed neutrophils of caudal vein, and visible enhanced expression of the LECT2 gene in the yolk sac. These are the first such data reported in teleosts, showing that LPS challenge is able to modify the expression patterns of APP and APP inducer genes. Altogether, these data suggest that zebrafish embryos/larvae are able to respond to acute infection though their immune system remains in a developing and immature state.

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PSXIV-20 Ovine circulatory markers regulating the acute-phase response of variable stress responding sheep to LPS challenge

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 494-495

Author(s):

Ankita Sharma ◽

Umesh K Shandilya ◽

Tianna Sullivan ◽

Danielle Naylor ◽

Angela Cánovas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

Phase Response ◽

Receptor Interaction ◽

Lps Challenge ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Response To Stress ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Stress Responding ◽

As Stress

Abstract Pathogens induce neuroendocrine-immune interactions in their hosts, which are a basis to overcome the microbial stressor. These interactions result in individual variation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response and could contribute to variable stress resiliency. In present study, a comprehensive set of circulatory markers was assessed in variable stress responding lambs selected from a population (n = 112) and categorized based on cortisol levels as high (HSR, 336.2 ±27.9 nmol/L, n =12), middle (MSR, 147.3 ±9.5 nmol/L, n =12) and low (LSR, 32.1 ±10.4 nmol/L, n =12) responding phenotypes post LPS challenge (400 ng/kg iv). Blood was collected from the jugular vein at 0 (pre-) and 4 hrs post-LPS challenge to monitor changes in serum with a panel of 15 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and 84 miRNAs, and white blood cell (WBC) populations. The HSR had the strongest fever and pro-inflammatory IL-6, IFN-γ cytokine responses compared to MSR and LSR. HSR and MSR had stronger anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine and CCL2 chemokine responses than LSR. WBC counts changed between 0 and 4 hrs; however, no differences were detected among the variable stress response groups. Three miRNAs, oar-miR-485-5p (+3.82 folds), oar-miR-1193-5p (+2.43 folds) and oar-miR-3957-5p (+3.14 folds) were significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated, and seven miRNAs, oar-miR-376b-3p (-6.6 fold), oar-miR-376c-3p (3.5 folds), oar-miR-411b-5p (-11.69 folds), (oar-miR-376a-3p (-2.28 fold), oar-miR-376b-3p (-6.08 folds), oar-miR-376c-3p (-2.62 folds), oar-miR-381-3p (-3.85 folds) were downregulated (P < 0.05) in HSR compared to LSR and MSR. Functional analysis of miRNAs revealed their roles in activating TGF-beta signalling, Cytokine receptor interaction and Thyroid signalling pathways in HSR phenotypes indicating a hyper-induced acute-phase response. In summary, these results indicate variation in the acute-phase response to stress, and some of these markers could be used as stress biomarkers. Further investigation is warranted to understand the plausible association of cortisol phenotype with other important traits.

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2 Acute phase response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in beef steers supplemented with prebiotic blends

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 38-39

Author(s):

Nicole C Burdick Sanchez ◽

Paul R Broadway ◽

Jeffery A Carroll ◽

Devan M Paulus Compart ◽

J C Forcherio

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

Sickness Behavior ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Phase Response ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Lps Challenge ◽

Complete Blood Counts ◽

Metabolic Biomarkers

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effects of two prebiotic blends on the acute phase response (APR) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in steers. Crossbred steers (n = 36; 273±4 kg) were fed for 21d on three different treatments: 1) Control, fed a standard receiving ration; 2) Control ration supplemented with a Prebiotic/Probiotic blend (28.4 g/hd/d; PMI); and 3) Control ration supplemented with a DFM/Prebiotic blend (19.0 g/hd/d; PMI). On d20, calves were fitted with indwelling rectal temperature (RT) monitors and jugular catheters and moved into individual stanchions in a covered barn. On d21, blood samples were collected, and sickness behavior scores recorded at 0.5-h intervals from -2 to 8h and again at 24h relative to an i.v. challenge with 0.25 µg/kg BW LPS. Serum was isolated and stored until analyzed for pro-inflammatory cytokines, cortisol and glucose concentrations. Complete blood counts were measured every 2h from -2 to 8h and again at 24h. Pre-challenge RT measured for 18h prior to the challenge tended (P = 0.10) to be affected by treatment such that calves fed the Prebiotic/Probiotic blend had greater RT than Control and tended to be greater than calves fed the DFM/Prebiotic blend (38.9, 39.2, and 39.0±0.1oC, respectively). Post-challenge RT increased 0.8–1.0oC on average but did not differ between treatments (P = 0.53). Sickness behavior scores were not different between treatments (P = 0.14). There were no differences in white blood cell or differential counts between treatments (P ≥ 0.25). Serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ increased in response to the challenge (P < 0.01) but were not different between treatments (P ≥ 0.26). Serum cortisol and glucose concentrations were reduced in both supplemented groups compared to Control steers (P ≤ 0.006). Therefore, the data suggest that the effects of the prebiotic blends during an immune challenge were limited to alterations in metabolic biomarkers and energy utilization.

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Health Benefits of Supplementing Nursery Pig Diets with Microalgae or Fish Oil

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9030080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 80 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alison Lee ◽

Lan You ◽

Se-Young Oh ◽

Ziwei Li ◽

Alexandra Code ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Phase Response ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Total N ◽

Lps Challenge

Weaning stress can negatively impact a pig’s performance; dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) reduces inflammatory stress and promotes nursery pig’s health and growth. Fish oil (FO) is a major source of n-3 PUFA; however, microalgae (AL) may provide an alternative source of n-3 PUFA. The aim of this study was to assess the health benefits of supplementing a plant protein-based nursery diet with 3.12% AL or 1.25% FO providing equal total n-3 PUFA compared to a control (CON) diet. Seventy-two pigs were fed experimental diets for three weeks (phases 1 and 2), followed by a common standard diet for three weeks (phase 3). Following phase 2, 8 pigs per treatment underwent a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immune stress challenge to assess the acute-phase response and 8 pigs per treatment were vaccinated with novel antigens to assess acquired immunity. No significant differences in piglets’ growth were observed, despite decreased feed intake in FO piglets compared to AL piglets in phase 3. AL supplementation tended to reduce, and FO supplementation significantly reduced the LPS-induced fever response. The AL pigs had significantly reduced cortisol responses, increased cytokine concentrations, and increased chromogranin A concentrations compared to FO and CON pigs following LPS challenge. Results suggest that AL or FO supplementation in nursery diets differentially modulate the acute-phase response, possibly due to different n-3 PUFA profiles between the two ingredients.

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