scholarly journals Health Benefits of Supplementing Nursery Pig Diets with Microalgae or Fish Oil

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Lee ◽  
Lan You ◽  
Se-Young Oh ◽  
Ziwei Li ◽  
Alexandra Code ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Total N ◽  
Lps Challenge

Weaning stress can negatively impact a pig’s performance; dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) reduces inflammatory stress and promotes nursery pig’s health and growth. Fish oil (FO) is a major source of n-3 PUFA; however, microalgae (AL) may provide an alternative source of n-3 PUFA. The aim of this study was to assess the health benefits of supplementing a plant protein-based nursery diet with 3.12% AL or 1.25% FO providing equal total n-3 PUFA compared to a control (CON) diet. Seventy-two pigs were fed experimental diets for three weeks (phases 1 and 2), followed by a common standard diet for three weeks (phase 3). Following phase 2, 8 pigs per treatment underwent a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immune stress challenge to assess the acute-phase response and 8 pigs per treatment were vaccinated with novel antigens to assess acquired immunity. No significant differences in piglets’ growth were observed, despite decreased feed intake in FO piglets compared to AL piglets in phase 3. AL supplementation tended to reduce, and FO supplementation significantly reduced the LPS-induced fever response. The AL pigs had significantly reduced cortisol responses, increased cytokine concentrations, and increased chromogranin A concentrations compared to FO and CON pigs following LPS challenge. Results suggest that AL or FO supplementation in nursery diets differentially modulate the acute-phase response, possibly due to different n-3 PUFA profiles between the two ingredients.

scholarly journals Modifying the Acute Phase Response of Jersey Calves by Supplementing Milk Replacer with Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Fish Oil

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 3478-3487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Ballou ◽  
G.D. Cruz ◽  
W. Pittroff ◽  
D.H. Keisler ◽  
E.J. DePeters
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

Supplemental fish oil does not alter immune competence or the pathophysiological response to an intramammary infusion of endotoxin in peri-partum multiparous Holstein cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Ballou ◽  
Rodrigo C Gomes ◽  
Edward J DePeters
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Immune Competence

The objective was to determine the effects of supplementing the diet with fish oil during the peri-partum period on the immune competence and the pathophysiological response to a lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis challenge. Multiparous Holstein cows (n=30) were completely randomized to one of two treatments at 3 weeks pre-partum. Treatments differed only in the source of supplemental lipid and included either Energy Booster® or fish oil. Treatment diets were fed from −21 d relative to expected date of parturition until 10 d post partum. Treatments were fed as a bolus prior to the a.m. feeding. The dose of lipid during the pre-partum period was 250 g/d, whereas the amount of lipid supplemented post partum was adjusted to the level of intake, approximately 0·92% of the previous day's dry matter intake. Ex-vivo analyses of immune competence were measured including the antimicrobial activity of whole blood against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans as well as the production of interferon-γ by peripheral blood mononuclear cultures. At 7 days in milk cows were infused with 100 μg of Esch. coli lipopolysaccharide into one rear quarter. Supplementing fish oil increased plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, but had no affect on the proportions of arachidonic acid at calving. Fish oil did not influence the production of interferon-γ or the antimicrobial activity of whole blood against any of the microorganisms. Furthermore, fish oil had no ameliorative effect on either the local or the systemic acute phase response following an intramammary lipopolysaccharide challenge in early lactating Holstein cows. Supplementing fish oil in the diet of peri-partum cows will not protect them from deleterious effects of an excessive acute phase response.

scholarly journals PSX-6 Effect of dietary microalgae and fish oil on the nursery pig acute-phase response.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 491-492
Author(s):  
A Lee ◽  
L You ◽  
Z Li ◽  
S Oh ◽  
M Alcorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Nursery Pig

scholarly journals In utero exposure to LPS alters the postnatal acute-phase response in beef heifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery A Carroll ◽  
Nicole C Burdick Sanchez ◽  
John D Arthingon ◽  
Corwin D Nelson ◽  
Aimee L Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

The potential effect of prenatal LPS exposure on the postnatal acute phase response (APR) to an LPS challenge in heifers was determined. Pregnant crossbred cows were separated into prenatal immune stimulation (PIS) and saline groups (Control). From these treatments, heifer calves were identified at weaning to subsequently receive an exogenous LPS challenge. Sickness behavior scores (SBS) were recorded and blood samples were collected at 30-min intervals from −2 to 8 h and again at 24 h relative to the LPS challenge. There was a treatment × time interaction for the change in vaginal temperature (VT) such that the change in VT was greater in Control than PIS from 150 to 250 min, yet it was greater in PIS than Control from 355 to 440 min and from 570 to 1145 min. There was also a treatment × time interaction for SBS such that scores were greater in Control than PIS at 0.5 h, yet were greater in PIS than Control from 2.5 to 4 h post-LPS. There was a tendency for a treatment × time interaction for serum concentrations of IL-6, which were greater in PIS than Control heifers from 5.5 to 6 h and from 7 to 8 h post-challenge. Thus, a single exposure to LPS during gestation can alter the postnatal APR to LPS in heifer calves.

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids do not affect cytokine response to strenuous exercise

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2401-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Dyhr Toft ◽  
Mette Thorn ◽  
Kenneth Ostrowski ◽  
Sven Asp ◽  
Kirsten Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation ◽  
To Receive

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether fish oil supplementation was able to modulate the acute-phase response to strenuous exercise. Twenty male runners were randomized to receive supplementation ( n = 10) with 6.0 g fish oil daily, containing 3.6 g n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), for 6 wk or to receive no supplementation ( n = 10) before participating in The Copenhagen Marathon 1998. Blood samples were collected before the race, immediately after, and 1.5 and 3 h postexercise. The fatty acid composition in blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) differed between the fish oil-supplemented and the control group, showing incorporation of n-3 PUFA and less arachidonic acid in BMNC in the supplemented group. The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-β1 peaked immediately after the run, the increase being 3-, 92-, and 1.1-fold, respectively, compared with resting samples. The level of interlukin-1 receptor antagonist peaked 1.5 h after exercise, with the increase being 87-fold. However, the cytokine levels did not differ among the two groups. Furthermore, supplementation with fish oil did not influence exercise-induced increases in leucocytes and creatine kinase. In conclusion, 6 wk of fish oil supplementation had no influence on the acute-phase response to strenuous exercise.

Acute phase response in zebrafish embryo/larva with special emphasis on LPS-induced changes in expression pattern of acute phase protein genes

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1569-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Zongyao Li ◽  
Shicui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Genes Encoding

Acute phase response (APR) in developing embryos/larvae remains poorly studied in fish, and information regarding the expression and role of acute phase proteins (APPs) in developing embryos/larvae is rather limited in teleosts. In this study we investigated the APR in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae challenged with LPS by examining the expression of APP genes encoding CRP, SAA, LECT2, HAMP and HP and APP inducer genes encoding IL-1β and TNF-α. Expression of all the seven genes was up-regulated in embryos/larvae after challenge with LPS as revealed by q-RT-PCR. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) showed that all the genes displayed strong maternal expression in the cleavage and blastula stages, and ubiquitous expression in the gastrula and segmentation stage embryos, and then they were expressed differently in specific tissues in later developmental stages. Interestingly, challenge with LPS resulted in de novo expression of the SAA gene in the yolk sac and intestine, the LECT2 gene in the yolk sac, and the IL-1β gene in the yolk sac and the dispersed neutrophils of caudal vein, and visible enhanced expression of the LECT2 gene in the yolk sac. These are the first such data reported in teleosts, showing that LPS challenge is able to modify the expression patterns of APP and APP inducer genes. Altogether, these data suggest that zebrafish embryos/larvae are able to respond to acute infection though their immune system remains in a developing and immature state.

PSXIV-20 Ovine circulatory markers regulating the acute-phase response of variable stress responding sheep to LPS challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Ankita Sharma ◽  
Umesh K Shandilya ◽  
Tianna Sullivan ◽  
Danielle Naylor ◽  
Angela Cánovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Stress Responding ◽  
As Stress

Abstract Pathogens induce neuroendocrine-immune interactions in their hosts, which are a basis to overcome the microbial stressor. These interactions result in individual variation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response and could contribute to variable stress resiliency. In present study, a comprehensive set of circulatory markers was assessed in variable stress responding lambs selected from a population (n = 112) and categorized based on cortisol levels as high (HSR, 336.2 ±27.9 nmol/L, n =12), middle (MSR, 147.3 ±9.5 nmol/L, n =12) and low (LSR, 32.1 ±10.4 nmol/L, n =12) responding phenotypes post LPS challenge (400 ng/kg iv). Blood was collected from the jugular vein at 0 (pre-) and 4 hrs post-LPS challenge to monitor changes in serum with a panel of 15 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and 84 miRNAs, and white blood cell (WBC) populations. The HSR had the strongest fever and pro-inflammatory IL-6, IFN-γ cytokine responses compared to MSR and LSR. HSR and MSR had stronger anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine and CCL2 chemokine responses than LSR. WBC counts changed between 0 and 4 hrs; however, no differences were detected among the variable stress response groups. Three miRNAs, oar-miR-485-5p (+3.82 folds), oar-miR-1193-5p (+2.43 folds) and oar-miR-3957-5p (+3.14 folds) were significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated, and seven miRNAs, oar-miR-376b-3p (-6.6 fold), oar-miR-376c-3p (3.5 folds), oar-miR-411b-5p (-11.69 folds), (oar-miR-376a-3p (-2.28 fold), oar-miR-376b-3p (-6.08 folds), oar-miR-376c-3p (-2.62 folds), oar-miR-381-3p (-3.85 folds) were downregulated (P < 0.05) in HSR compared to LSR and MSR. Functional analysis of miRNAs revealed their roles in activating TGF-beta signalling, Cytokine receptor interaction and Thyroid signalling pathways in HSR phenotypes indicating a hyper-induced acute-phase response. In summary, these results indicate variation in the acute-phase response to stress, and some of these markers could be used as stress biomarkers. Further investigation is warranted to understand the plausible association of cortisol phenotype with other important traits.

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