scholarly journals Intracranial aneurysm wall (in)stability–current state of knowledge and clinical perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Morel ◽  
Philippe Bijlenga ◽  
Brenda R. Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Common Data Elements ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Aneurysm Wall ◽  
Risk Of Rupture ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
Data Elements ◽  
Biomechanical Forces

Abstract Intracranial aneurysm (IA), a local outpouching of cerebral arteries, is present in 3 to 5% of the population. Once formed, an IA can remain stable, grow, or rupture. Determining the evolution of IAs is almost impossible. Rupture of an IA leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage and affects mostly young people with heavy consequences in terms of death, disabilities, and socioeconomic burden. Even if the large majority of IAs will never rupture, it is critical to determine which IA might be at risk of rupture. IA (in)stability is dependent on the composition of its wall and on its ability to repair. The biology of the IA wall is complex and not completely understood. Nowadays, the risk of rupture of an IA is estimated in clinics by using scores based on the characteristics of the IA itself and on the anamnesis of the patient. Classification and prediction using these scores are not satisfying and decisions whether a patient should be observed or treated need to be better informed by more reliable biomarkers. In the present review, the effects of known risk factors for rupture, as well as the effects of biomechanical forces on the IA wall composition, will be summarized. Moreover, recent advances in high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging, which are promising tools to discriminate between stable and unstable IAs, will be described. Common data elements recently defined to improve IA disease knowledge and disease management will be presented. Finally, recent findings in genetics will be introduced and future directions in the field of IA will be exposed.

Hemodynamics of Elastase-Induced Aneurysms in Rabbit: A New High Flow Bifurcation Model

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijing Zeng ◽  
David F. Kallmes ◽  
Yong Hong Ding ◽  
Ramanathan Kadirvel ◽  
Debra A. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Aneurysm Wall ◽  
Risk Of Rupture ◽  
The Impact

An intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a pathological condition of cerebral arteries characterized by local enlargements of the arterial wall, typically into a saccular shape. Rupture of the aneurysm sac can result in devastating cerebral hemorrhage. Hemodynamic factors are believed to play an important role in initiation, development and rupture of IAs [1–3]. However, the coupling between hemodynamics and aneurysm pathophysiology is complex and remains poorly understood. Patient specific diagnostics regarding risk of rupture can be substantially advanced by improving our understanding of the in-vivo response of the aneurysm wall to intra-saccular hemodynamic stresses. A mechanism for fundamental studies of the impact of chronically altered WSS on the intact vascular wall is provided by animal models. However, cerebral aneurysms have not been shown to occur naturally in animals. Thus, a number of animal models have been created for studying aneurysm pathogenesis including those in mice, rats, rabbits, canines, swine and primates. To make meaningful use of these models, it is important to evaluate their relevance to human biomechanics and pathophysiology.

Autonomous vehicles and freight traffic: towards better efficiency of road, rail or urban logistics?

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Bucsky
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Private Car

Abstract The freight transport sector is a low profit and high competition business and therefore has less ability to invest in research and development in the field of autonomous vehicles (AV) than the private car industry. There are already different levels of automation technologies in the transport industry, but most of these are serving niche demands and answers have yet to be found about whether it would be worthwhile to industrialise these technologies. New innovations from different fields are constantly changing the freight traffic industry but these are less disruptive than on other markets. The aim of this article is to show the current state of development of freight traffic with regards to AVs and analyse which future directions of development might be viable. The level of automation is very different in the case of different transport modes and most probably the technology will favour road transport over other, less environmentally harmful traffic modes.

scholarly journals A review of current state and future directions of cotton production in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1880533
Author(s):  
Tiliksew Addis ◽  
Abera Kachi ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Production ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals Olfaction and Aging: A Review of the Current State of Research and Future Directions

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952110203
Author(s):  
Jonas K. Olofsson ◽  
Ingrid Ekström ◽  
Maria Larsson ◽  
Steven Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Warning Signs ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
To Come ◽  
Health Cognition ◽  
Olfactory Abilities ◽  
And Training

Olfaction, the sense of smell, is characterized by a notable age-dependency such that aging individuals are more likely to have poor olfactory abilities. These impairments are considered to be mostly irreversible and as having potentially profound effects on quality of life and food behavior, as well as constituting warning signs of mortality, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. Here, we review the current state of research on aging and olfaction, focusing on five topics which we regard to be of particular relevance for the field: nutrition and health, cognition and dementia, mortality, environment and genetics, and training-based enhancement. Under each of these headlines, we provide a state-of-the-art overview and discuss gaps in our knowledge which might be filled by further research. Understanding how olfactory abilities are diminished in aging, and how they may be alleviated or recovered, involves a set of challenging tasks for researchers in the years to come.

scholarly journals The Hyperloop System and Stakeholders: A Review and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8430
Author(s):  
Lambros Mitropoulos ◽  
Annie Kortsari ◽  
Alexandros Koliatos ◽  
Georgia Ayfantopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Holistic Assessment ◽  
The Eu

The hyperloop is an innovative land transport mode for passengers and freight that travels at ultra-high speeds. Lately, different stakeholders have been engaged in the research and development of hyperloop components. The novelty of the hyperloop necessitates certain directions to be followed toward the development and testing of its technological components as well the formation of regulations and planning processes. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive literature review of hyperloop publications to record the current state of progress of hyperloop components, including the pod, the infrastructure, and the communication system, and identify involved EU stakeholders. Blending this information results in future directions. An online search of English-based publications was performed to finally consider 107 studies on the hyperloop and identify 81 stakeholders in the EU. The analysis shows that the hyperloop-related activities are almost equally distributed between Europe (39%) and Asia (38%), and the majority of EU stakeholders are located in Spain (26%) and Germany (20%), work on the traction of the pod (37%) and the tube (28%), and study impacts including safety (35%), energy (33%), and cost (30%). Existing tube systems and testing facilities for the hyperloop lack full-scale tracks, which creates a hurdle for the testing and development of the hyperloop system. The presented analysis and findings provide a holistic assessment of the hyperloop system and its stakeholders and suggest future directions to develop a successful transport system.

scholarly journals Intracranial aneurysm wall enhancement as an indicator of instability – Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Molenberg ◽  
Marlien W. Aalbers ◽  
Auke P.A. Appelman ◽  
Maarten Uyttenboogaart ◽  
J. Marc C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Aneurysm Wall

scholarly journals TBI surveillance using the common data elements for traumatic brain injury: a population study

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Latha Ganti Stead ◽  
◽  
Aakash N Bodhit ◽  
Pratik Shashikant Patel ◽  
Yasamin Daneshvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Common Data Elements ◽  
The Common ◽  
Data Elements
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