scholarly journals Characteristics, potentials, and limitations of open-source Simulink projects for empirical research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Boll ◽  
Florian Brokhausen ◽  
Tiago Amorim ◽  
Timo Kehrer ◽  
Andreas Vogelsang
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Early Validation ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Development Context ◽  
The One ◽  
Automated Code Generation

AbstractSimulink is an example of a successful application of the paradigm of model-based development into industrial practice. Numerous companies create and maintain Simulink projects for modeling software-intensive embedded systems, aiming at early validation and automated code generation. However, Simulink projects are not as easily available as code-based ones, which profit from large publicly accessible open-source repositories, thus curbing empirical research. In this paper, we investigate a set of 1734 freely available Simulink models from 194 projects and analyze their suitability for empirical research. We analyze the projects considering (1) their development context, (2) their complexity in terms of size and organization within projects, and (3) their evolution over time. Our results show that there are both limitations and potentials for empirical research. On the one hand, some application domains dominate the development context, and there is a large number of models that can be considered toy examples of limited practical relevance. These often stem from an academic context, consist of only a few Simulink blocks, and are no longer (or have never been) under active development or maintenance. On the other hand, we found that a subset of the analyzed models is of considerable size and complexity. There are models comprising several thousands of blocks, some of them highly modularized by hierarchically organized Simulink subsystems. Likewise, some of the models expose an active maintenance span of several years, which indicates that they are used as primary development artifacts throughout a project’s lifecycle. According to a discussion of our results with a domain expert, many models can be considered mature enough for quality analysis purposes, and they expose characteristics that can be considered representative for industry-scale models. Thus, we are confident that a subset of the models is suitable for empirical research. More generally, using a publicly available model corpus or a dedicated subset enables researchers to replicate findings, publish subsequent studies, and use them for validation purposes. We publish our dataset for the sake of replicating our results and fostering future empirical research.

scholarly journals Early Validation of Functional Requirements and Transition to Source Code with Event-B

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Cataño
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Early Validation ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Automated Code Generation

The cost of fixing software requirements errors after deployment is so high that it is vital to come up with ways to find and fix requirements errors early in the life-cycle of a project. The work in this paper advocates for the use of formal methods as an alternative approach to guarantee the correctness of the software from requirements to code. We present a formal-methods based approach for the early validation of functional requirements. Our approach relies on formal methods techniques such as program refinement, correctness-by-construction (CbyC), and automated code generation. We present two case studies that showcase our approach; for the case studies, we discuss design decisions, flaws encountered, and lessons learned.

Auto-Icon: An Automated Code Generation Tool for Icon Designs Assisting in UI Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidong Feng ◽  
Suyu Ma ◽  
Jinzhong Yu ◽  
Chunyang Chen ◽  
TingTing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Code Generation ◽  
Automated Code Generation

Political Matrix and Political Representation: Prolegomenon to a New Departure from an Old Problem

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Prewitt ◽  
Heinz Eulau
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Past Century ◽  
City Councils ◽  
Political Units ◽  
The One ◽  
Special District

Scholars interested in theorizing about political representation in terms relevant to democratic governance in mid-twentieth century America find themselves in a quandary. We are surrounded by functioning representative institutions, or at least by institutions formally described as representative. Individuals who presumably “represent” other citizens govern some 90 thousand different political units—they sit on school and special district boards, on township and city councils, on county directorates, on state and national assemblies, and so forth. But the flourishing activity of representation has not yet been matched by a sustained effort to explain what makes the representational process tick.Despite the proliferation of representative governments over the past century,theoryabout representation has not moved much beyond the eighteenth-century formulation of Edmund Burke. Certainly most empirical research has been cast in the Burkean vocabulary. But in order to think in novel ways about representative government in the twentieth-century, we may have to admit that present conceptions guiding empirical research are obsolete. This in turn means that the spell of Burke's vocabulary over scientific work on representation must be broken.To look afresh at representation, it is necessary to be sensitive to the unresolved tension between the two main currents of contemporary thinking about representational relationships. On the one hand, representation is treated as a relationship between any one individual, the represented, and another individual, the representative—aninter-individualrelationship. On the other hand, representatives are treated as a group, brought together in the assembly, to represent the interest of the community as a whole—aninter-grouprelationship. Most theoretical formulations since Burke are cast in one or the other of these terms.

Benessere tra differenze e disuguaglianze di genere in salute

2012 ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Rita Biancheri
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Personal History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Life Context ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Sick Individual

Up to now, in the traditional biomedical paradigm the terms "sex" and "gender" have either been used synonymously and the insertion of gender among the determining elements of conditions of wellbeing/disease has been difficult, and obstructed by disciplinary rigidities that retarded the acceptance of an approach which had already been largely found to be valid in other areas of research. The effected simplification demonstrated its limitations in describing the theme of health; but if, on the one hand, there has been a growing awareness of a subject which can in no way be considered "neutral", on the other hand there continues to be insufficient attention, both in theoretical analysis and in empirical research, given to female differences. The article is intended to support that the sick individual is a person, with his/her genetic heritage, his/her own cultural acquisitions and personal history, and own surrounding life context; but these and similar factors have not traditionally been taken into consideration by official medicine and welfare systems, despite a hoped-for socio-health integration.

scholarly journals Applying Corpus Data to Define Needs in Web Localization Training

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 998-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel ángel Jiménez-Crespo ◽  
Maribel Tercedor
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
University Level ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

Localization is increasingly making its way into translation training programs at university level. However, there is still a scarce amount of empirical research addressing issues such as defining localization in relation to translation, what localization competence entails or how to best incorporate intercultural differences between digital genres, text types and conventions, among other aspects. In this paper, we propose a foundation for the study of localization competence based upon previous research on translation competence. This project was developed following an empirical corpus-based contrastive study of student translations (learner corpus), combined with data from a comparable corpus made up of an original Spanish corpus and a Spanish localized corpus. The objective of the study is to identify differences in production between digital texts localized by students and professionals on the one hand, and original texts on the other. This contrastive study allows us to gain insight into how localization competence interrelates with the superordinate concept of translation competence, thus shedding light on which aspects need to be addressed during localization training in university translation programs.

scholarly journals O Problema do Poder Efetivo na Câmara dos Deputados

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Barbosa de Morais ◽  
Mário César San Felice ◽  
Pedro Henrique Del Bianco Hokama ◽  
Gabriel Ávila Casalecchi
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Power Index ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
The Political ◽  
Effective Power ◽  
The One ◽  
Index Problem

Proportionality in political representation is an essential theme forrepresentative democracy. In Brazil, this debate appears in the contextof non-proportionality between a federative unit’s populationsize and its number of representatives in the Chamber of Deputies.In other words, the number of deputies in a state is not proportionalto its number of inhabitants, which violates the "one man, one vote"principle.Discussions around this disproportionality have motivated scholarsto develop empirical research that aims to identify the causesand consequences of the phenomenon and to analyze the impactthat the rule introduces in the political process. This article seeksto contribute to this debate by measuring the effective power ofeach Brazilian federation’s entity and proposing alternatives ofdistribution for the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies.To this end, we use a mathematical concept from game theory,called Power Index, which allows quantifying the existing representationaldiscrepancies. After evaluating several distributions, wesolved the Inverse Power Index Problem (IPIP) to obtain a distributionof chairs that reduces such disparities. To solve the IPIP, whichis computationally hard, we use an evolutionary heuristic. As anobjective function to minimize the discrepancy, we use the linearShapley rule, in which the power index of each state is proportionalto its population.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Slovak Culture in the Context of Bilateral Austrian-Slovak Relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Michaela Čiefová
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Intercultural Encounters ◽  
The One

Abstract Objective: The main intention of the present paper is, on the one hand, to provide a summary of the characteristics of Slovak culture by applying chosen theories and models. On the other hand, we attempt to underline the significance of bilateral Austro-Slovak relations in relation to the economy or migration tendencies. We assume that, based on geographical proximity and the above stated bilateral relations, intercultural encounters are relatively frequent as well. Therefore, certain perception of Slovaks from the Austrian point of view is likely to exist. Methodology: Our work is based on relevant scientific sources, as well as on our own empirical research reposing in the analysis of an online questionnaire. Findings: Overall, findings of our empirical research may be considered rather positive, as no negative or hostile responses concerning Slovak culture were reported. Furthermore, none of the participants experienced a conflict with a Slovak counterpart that could clearly be ascribed to cultural differences. Value Added: We believe that the conclusions presented in this paper might be helpful not only for managers operating on the international level or businessmen intending to do business with their Slovak partners, for scholars engaged in similar topics but also for anyone interested in intercultural communication and cultural differences.

scholarly journals Modelagem de propriedades geológico-geotécnicas em solos de Belém do Pará

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e40810212664
Author(s):  
Marina Nascimento Alves Vieira ◽  
Camila Nascimento Alves ◽  
Vyviane dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Cleisianne Nazaré Leite Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Modeling Software

O objetivo da pesquisa apresentada neste artigo foi realizar a modelagem de propriedades geológico-geotécnicas no subsolo de um bairro no município de Belém do Pará a partir de sondagem à percussão, usando como ferramenta a geoestatística. Para alcançar o objetivo realizou-se a catalogação do acervo técnico contendo 101 boletins de sondagem à percussão. Criou-se um banco de dados contendo os dados de coordenadas geográficas, tipo de solo, profundidade das camadas do solo, nível do lençol freático e Índice de Resistência à Penetração (NSPT), conforme a norma NBR 6484/2001. Os dados foram analisados em ambiente SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica) com softwares Open Source, como SGEMS (Standford Geoestatistical Modeling Software) para análise geoestatística e o software Qgis para análises cartográficas. Distinguiu-se duas zonas díspares na região de estudo, denominadas de Zona A e Zona B. A Zona A é considerada uma região com os maiores índices de resistência dos solos e a Zona B uma região com menores índices de resistência, conforme demonstrado nos mapas. Na região ocorrem argilas orgânicas de baixa resistência nas proximidades das áreas de várzea, onde no passado eram localizados os igarapés. No entanto, esses locais foram retificados durante o processo de urbanização. E, atualmente, localizam-se as regiões de baixa resistência descritas nos resultados desta pesquisa.

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