Crisis management of water shortage in an irrigation area with a pipeline network system

Generally, reservoir can overcome problem of water availability in particular region. The reservoir collects excess water during rainy season to be used at the time of water shortage during dry season. In Pidie, the largest water sources are from Krueng Baro Geunik and Krueng Tiro. The reservoir is located at Krueng Rukoh with Krueng Tiro as the source of water supply. The reservoir provides water for irrigating and supplying domestic water in Baro (11.950 ha) and Tiro (6.330 ha) areas. There are 13 districts (216718 inhabitants) use the water from this reservoir. Given the population growing at rate of 0.52% then the water demand in the region increases. The aim of study was to estimate the volume of water entering the reservoir using the tank model. Calibration curve between the tank model output and observation data showed good correlation (R2 = 0.7). The calibrated model was then used to calculate the discharge at Krueng Baro Geunik. A water balance analysis showed that the highest deficit occurred in September and the highest surplus in November. Based on this analysis, the capacity of Krueng Rukoh reservoir is able to fulfill its function assuming the rate of population growth and the irrigation area are constant.

Download Full-text

Migration Patterns of Heavy Metals in Soil in Wastewater Irrigation Area in the Suburb of Eastern Inner Mongolia

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.340 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 343-344 ◽

pp. 340-343

Author(s):

Ri Cha Hu ◽

Li Bo Sun

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Vertical Direction ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Wastewater Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Area ◽

Eastern Inner Mongolia

Based on the soil test of heavy metals in wastewater irrigation area in eastern Inner Mongolia, this paper analyses the content of heavy metals Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb in different layers of soil samples and reveals the internal relations between heavy metal concentration gradient in the vertical direction and soil properties, thus providing a scientific basis to guide sewage irrigation, solve the problem of water shortage in wastewater irrigation area and carry out environmental impact assessment. Soil is an important subsystem in natural environmental systems, through which many pollutants, especially heavy metals, produced by human activities, enter the food chain and ultimately do harm to human health. Currently, heavy metal ion contamination to the soil caused by wastewater irrigation has become one of the focuses in the study of soil chemistry and agricultural environment pollution. For this reason, it is particularly important to study the migration mechanism of heavy metals in soil and to provide a reliable theoretical basis for the prevention and management of soil contaminants.

Download Full-text

Hydrocarbon Accounting Verification for Reasonable Assurance on EJGP Open Access Pipe System

Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology ◽

10.25105/jeeset.v2i2.4670 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mildo Hasoloan Nainggolan ◽

I Putu Suarsana ◽

Suryo Prakoso

Keyword(s):

Open Access ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Piping System ◽

Network System ◽

Pipeline Network ◽

Pipe System ◽

Average System ◽

History Of ◽

Set Up ◽

Flow Quantity

The East Java Gas Pipeline (EJGP) pipeline network system is an open access for transporting almost ± 310 MMSCFD of Natural Gas from fields in East Java offshore to the onshore Power Plant consumers. The deviation between the calculated and mass balance of gas stock is called the Discrepancy in which BPHMIGAS set up a maximum value of ± 0.85%. The objective of the study is to develop a verification methodology to support hydrocarbon accounting in the EJGP Pipeline Network System. The methodology will be assisted by Flow Quantity Assurance software. After obtaining sufficient data, a new baseline can be taken empirically which can be used as a reference for the maximum allowable discrepancy in the EJGP Pipeline Network System. The data used in this simulation are taken from September - October 2013 such as pipes dimension of the entire network piping system, flowrate, pressure, temperature, and the composition of natural gas. The results of verification are compared with the calculations carried out by Pertamina Gas as operators. The calculation of Discrepancy from the Operators with different tools is around 0.12%, meaning that operator calculations are acceptable. The maximum allowable discrepancy ± 0.85%, can be reviewed to be reduced according to the history of the average system discrepancy in 2017-2018 (around 0.54%). The New Shipper from Sirasun Batur Field is still more economics by using the existing pipeline network even though it bears Discrepancy / Losses up to 1% compared to building new pipes to consumers. It is found that the discrepancy is getting smaller (reducing the error) if there is a gas balance, meaning that the end consumers will take the gas according to the agreed nomination.

Download Full-text

Study on optimal allocation of water resources in Dujiangyan irrigation district of China based on improved genetic algorithm

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2020.302 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ruihuan Li ◽

Yingli Chang ◽

Zhaocai Wang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Water Resources ◽

Optimal Allocation ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Vertical Dimension ◽

Allocation Model ◽

Genetic Operator ◽

Irrigation Area ◽

Use Of Resources ◽

Constraint Model

Abstract In order to distribute water resources reasonably, it is convenient to make full use of resources and produce high economic and social benefits. Taking the Dujiangyan irrigation area of China as an example, we discuss the idea of establishing and solving the optimal allocation model of water resources. Aiming at this area, a two-dimensional constraint model with the highest economic value, the minimum water shortage, the minimum underground water consumption and the necessary living water demand is established. In order to solve this model, we improve the multi-population genetic algorithm, extend the genetic optimization of the algorithm into two dimensions, take the population as the vertical dimension and the individual as the horizontal dimension, and transforms the cross genetic operator to copy the genetic operator and the mutation operator to only act on the vertical dimension, so as to optimize the allocation of such discrete objectives of water resources in the irrigation area with the particular model suitable for the region. The distribution results successfully control the water shortage rate of each area at a low level, which save the exploitation of groundwater to the maximum extent and produce high economic benefits. The improved algorithm proposed in this paper has a kind of strong optimization ability and provides a new solution for the optimization problem with multiple constraints.

Download Full-text