An attract and kill tactic for click beetles based on Metarhizium brunneum and a new formulation of sex pheromone

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Todd Kabaluk ◽  
J. P. Lafontaine ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Metarhizium Brunneum ◽  
Attract And Kill ◽  
New Formulation

scholarly journals Effect of Collection Month, Visible Light, and Air Movement on the Attraction of Male Agriotes obscurus L. (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Click Beetles to Female Sex Pheromone

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Joyce P. S. Leung ◽  
Jenny S. Cory ◽  
J. Todd Kabaluk ◽  
Alida F. Janmaat
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Agriotes Obscurus ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Click Beetle

Elaterid female sex pheromone, while currently used for monitoring the adult life stage (click beetle), has only recently been explored as a potential management tool. Consequently, there is little understanding of how abiotic and biotic conditions influence the response of click beetles to the pheromone. We examined whether the response of male Agriotes obscurus L. (Coleoptera: Elateridae) beetles to a cellulose-based formulation of female sex pheromone (‘pheromone granules’) is influenced by air movement, presence of visible light, and month of beetle collection. In addition, we investigated the distance from which beetles were attracted to the pheromone granules. Click beetle response was determined by measuring movement parameters in free-walking arena experiments. The response to pheromone was not affected by the presence or absence of visible light. We found that beetles collected earlier in the season had increased activity and interaction with pheromone under moving air conditions, compared to beetles collected later. When controlling for storage time, we confirmed that individuals collected in May were less active than beetles collected in March and April. In the field, beetles were recaptured from up to 14 m away from a pheromone granule source, with over 50% being recovered within 4.4 h from a distance of 7 m or less. Understanding how abiotic and biotic factors affect pest response to pheromone can lead to more effective and novel uses of pheromone-based management strategies.

scholarly journals Volatiles of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum, attract and kill plant parasitic nematodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 104472
Author(s):  
Salim Khoja ◽  
Khalifa M. Eltayef ◽  
Ian Baxter ◽  
Arben Myrta ◽  
James C. Bull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Metarhizium Brunneum ◽  
Attract And Kill ◽  
Plant Parasitic

scholarly journals Formalin-casein enhances water absorbency of calcium alginate beads and activity of encapsulated Metarhizium brunneum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina M. Hermann ◽  
Alexander Grünberger ◽  
Anant V. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Metarhizium Brunneum ◽  
Attract And Kill

AbstractThe control of root-feeding wireworms has become more challenging as synthetic soil insecticides have been progressively phased out due to environmental risk concerns. Innovative microbial control alternatives such as the so-called attract-and-kill strategy depend on the rapid and successful development of dried encapsulated microorganisms, which is initiated by rehydration. Casein is a functional additive that is already used in food or pharmaceutical industry due to its water binding capacity. Cross-linked forms such as formalin-casein (FC), exhibit altered network structures. To determine whether FC influences the rehydration of alginate beads in order to increase the efficacy of an attract-and-kill formulation for wireworm pest control, we incorporated either casein or FC in different alginate/starch formulations. We investigated the porous properties of alginate/starch beads and subsequently evaluated the activities of the encapsulated entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum and the CO2 producing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Adding caseins altered the porous structure of beads. FC decreased the bead density from (1.0197 ± 0.0008) g/mL to (1.0144 ± 0.0008) g/mL and the pore diameter by 31%. In contrast to casein, FC enhanced the water absorbency of alginate/starch beads by 40%. Furthermore, incorporating FC quadrupled the spore density on beads containing M. brunneum and S. cerevisiae, and simultaneous venting increased the spore density even by a factor of 18. Moreover, FC increased the total CO2 produced by M. brunneum and S. cerevisiae by 29%. Thus, our findings suggest that rehydration is enhanced by larger capillaries, resulting in an increased water absorption capacity. Our data further suggest that gas exchange is improved by FC. Therefore, our results indicate that FC enhances the fungal activity of both fungi M. brunneum and S. cerevisiae, presumably leading to an enhanced attract-and-kill efficacy for pest control. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals The Effect of Simulated Seasonal Temperatures On Metarhizium Brunneum-Associated Mortality In Two Click Beetle Species, And A Degree-Day Infection Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Kabaluk ◽  
Sophie Ruau ◽  
Anita Poon
Keyword(s):  
Infection Model ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Agriotes Obscurus ◽  
Metarhizium Brunneum ◽  
Temperature Oscillations ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Gradient Plate

Abstract Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae), the larvae of adult click beetles are subterranean and generalist crop pests that can be difficult to target. Targeting adult beetles, however, may be an effective method to lower wireworm populations. Metarhizium brunneum (Petch) kills click beetles but the mortality rate was expected to vary according to temperature. Using a thermal gradient plate to simulate daily oscillating temperatures for April, May, and June, the effectiveness of M. brunneum strains LRC112 and F52 in causing mortality to Agriotes obscurus (L.) and A. lineatus (L.) beetles was studied. Mortality was fastest in beetles exposed to June temperatures and slowest in those exposed to April temperatures, with differences among beetle species x M. brunneum strain combinations. Warmer temperatures resulted in more rapid mycelial outgrowth and conidiation in beetle cadavers, with only A. obscurus infected with M. brunneum LRC112 attaining near 100% conidiation. The number of degree days required to kill 50% of the beetles (LDD50) was least for A. obscurus infected with M. brunneum LRC112 (176) followed by A. obscurus x M. brunneum F52 (212), A. lineatus x M. brunneum LRC112 (215), and A. lineatus x M. brunneum F52 (292). Hypothetical calculations showed that M. brunneum exposure earlier in the season resulted in a longer LT50 but the earliest LT50 calendar date. Later M. brunneum exposure dates resulted in lower LT50’s, but later LT50 dates. This conceptual work demonstrates the importance of considering daily temperature oscillations, seasonality, and degree days in predicting the efficacy of entomopathogens to manage agricultural pests.

A chromatography-free synthesis of (2S,12Z)-2-acetoxy-12-heptadecene — The major sex pheromone component of the pistachio twig borer moth (Kermania pistaciella)

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Britton ◽  
Grigori Khaskin ◽  
Gerhard Gries
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Pheromone Component ◽  
Attract And Kill

Recently, (2S,12Z)-2-acetoxy-12-heptadecene was identified as the major sex pheromone component of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella , one of the most serious insect pests of pistachio plantations in Iran and Turkey. In field studies, an attract-and-kill formulation containing (2S,12Z)-2-acetoxy-12-heptadecene demonstrated efficacy in reducing damage caused by K. pistaciella and may become a widely-used, earth-friendly tactic for control of this insect in commercial pistachio production. To further develop this technology, a cost-effective, chromatography-free synthesis of (2S,12Z)-2-acetoxy-12-heptadecene was required and is described in this communication.

Wireworm damage reduction in potatoes with an attract-and-kill strategy using Metarhizium brunneum

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Brandl ◽  
M. Schumann ◽  
M. Przyklenk ◽  
A. Patel ◽  
S. Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Metarhizium Brunneum ◽  
Attract And Kill ◽  
Wireworm Damage

Adult’s Total Parenteral Nutrition: Initiative and Implementation of Standardized Formulation in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Yousef Ahmed Alomi ◽  
Hussam Saad Almalki ◽  
Aisha Omar Fallatah ◽  
Awatif Faraj Alshammari ◽  
Nahedh Rashed Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parental Nutrition ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
One Year ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
New System

The general administration of pharmaceutical care started potential pharmacy practice program. The program is part of accreditation professional’s process of national and international regulations. The adult’s parenteral nutrition was one of the critical programs. The most healthcare professionals are not familiar with the new system. The new initiatives system adult’s standardized concentration formulation of total parental nutrition as complementary to the previous one. The new formulation consisted of all parental nutrition requirements based on national and international standards. The new system can be converted as computerized physician orders. The new initiatives may implement as project management model over one year or less than that’s. The new system prevents nutrition-related problems, and medication errors, and improve clinical outcomes of the adults’ population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

L'esperienza clinica con Levometadone nel trattamento del disturbo da uso di oppiacei

MISSION ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Marco Riglietta ◽  
Paolo Donadoni ◽  
Grazia Carbone ◽  
Caterina Pisoni ◽  
Franca Colombi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
The Real ◽  
New Formulation

In Italy, at the end of the 1970s, methadone hydrochloride was introduced for the treatment of opioid use disorder, in the form of a racemic mixture consisting of levomethadone and dextromethadone.In 2015 Levometadone was introduced, a new formulation marketed in Italy for the treatment of opioid use disorder in 2015.The article aims to bring the experience of an Italian Addiction Centre back to the use of this new formulation in the "real life" analyzing the efficacy, the trend of adverse events and pharmacological iterations in a context in which the treated population often uses besides the opiates, cocaine and alcohol, are burdened by a relevant physical and psychic comorbidity and frequently have a prescribed polypharmacy.

New Formulation of Oxyfluorfen on Weed Control of Groundnut and its Residual Effect on Succeeding Crops

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Sathya Priya Ramalingam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
New Formulation
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