scholarly journals The Effect of Simulated Seasonal Temperatures On Metarhizium Brunneum-Associated Mortality In Two Click Beetle Species, And A Degree-Day Infection Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Kabaluk ◽  
Sophie Ruau ◽  
Anita Poon
Keyword(s):  
Infection Model ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Agriotes Obscurus ◽  
Metarhizium Brunneum ◽  
Temperature Oscillations ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Gradient Plate

Abstract Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae), the larvae of adult click beetles are subterranean and generalist crop pests that can be difficult to target. Targeting adult beetles, however, may be an effective method to lower wireworm populations. Metarhizium brunneum (Petch) kills click beetles but the mortality rate was expected to vary according to temperature. Using a thermal gradient plate to simulate daily oscillating temperatures for April, May, and June, the effectiveness of M. brunneum strains LRC112 and F52 in causing mortality to Agriotes obscurus (L.) and A. lineatus (L.) beetles was studied. Mortality was fastest in beetles exposed to June temperatures and slowest in those exposed to April temperatures, with differences among beetle species x M. brunneum strain combinations. Warmer temperatures resulted in more rapid mycelial outgrowth and conidiation in beetle cadavers, with only A. obscurus infected with M. brunneum LRC112 attaining near 100% conidiation. The number of degree days required to kill 50% of the beetles (LDD50) was least for A. obscurus infected with M. brunneum LRC112 (176) followed by A. obscurus x M. brunneum F52 (212), A. lineatus x M. brunneum LRC112 (215), and A. lineatus x M. brunneum F52 (292). Hypothetical calculations showed that M. brunneum exposure earlier in the season resulted in a longer LT50 but the earliest LT50 calendar date. Later M. brunneum exposure dates resulted in lower LT50’s, but later LT50 dates. This conceptual work demonstrates the importance of considering daily temperature oscillations, seasonality, and degree days in predicting the efficacy of entomopathogens to manage agricultural pests.

scholarly journals Effect of Collection Month, Visible Light, and Air Movement on the Attraction of Male Agriotes obscurus L. (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Click Beetles to Female Sex Pheromone

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Joyce P. S. Leung ◽  
Jenny S. Cory ◽  
J. Todd Kabaluk ◽  
Alida F. Janmaat
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Agriotes Obscurus ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Click Beetle

Elaterid female sex pheromone, while currently used for monitoring the adult life stage (click beetle), has only recently been explored as a potential management tool. Consequently, there is little understanding of how abiotic and biotic conditions influence the response of click beetles to the pheromone. We examined whether the response of male Agriotes obscurus L. (Coleoptera: Elateridae) beetles to a cellulose-based formulation of female sex pheromone (‘pheromone granules’) is influenced by air movement, presence of visible light, and month of beetle collection. In addition, we investigated the distance from which beetles were attracted to the pheromone granules. Click beetle response was determined by measuring movement parameters in free-walking arena experiments. The response to pheromone was not affected by the presence or absence of visible light. We found that beetles collected earlier in the season had increased activity and interaction with pheromone under moving air conditions, compared to beetles collected later. When controlling for storage time, we confirmed that individuals collected in May were less active than beetles collected in March and April. In the field, beetles were recaptured from up to 14 m away from a pheromone granule source, with over 50% being recovered within 4.4 h from a distance of 7 m or less. Understanding how abiotic and biotic factors affect pest response to pheromone can lead to more effective and novel uses of pheromone-based management strategies.

DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS OF THE GROUND BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) AND THE CLICK BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, ELATERIDAE) SPECIES ABUNDANCE IN ORGANIC AND INTENSIVELY CULTIVATED CEREAL CROPS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonata KAZLAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Povilas MULERČIKAS ◽  
Vytautas TAMUTIS ◽  
Audronė ŽEBRAUSKIENĖ ◽  
Elena SURVILIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Agriotes Obscurus ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Agriotes Lineatus

The research has been carried out in 2013–2014 in an organic farm located in Medsėdžiai village, Klaipėda district, and intensive farm located in Laiviai village, Kretinga district. Four agrocenoses have been investigated: wheat, triticale, oat, and multiannual grassland. Five pitfall traps were set out in each of agrocenosis and the traps were active from the last decade of April until the last decade of August. Ground beetle adults that were detected during the study belonged to 27 species and 15 genera. The most abundant ground beetle species were Poecilus cupreus L., Pterostichus melаnаrius Ill, Аmаrа аeneа Deg, Cаrаbus cаncellаtus Ill., Hаrpаlus rufipes Deg., Аnchomenus dorsаlis Pontop. and Bembidion properаns Steph., representatives of which were detected in large numbers in all without an exception investigated agrocenoses and in both types of farming. Two seasonal activity peaks of P. cupreus L. abundance were distinguished in the organic farm: first in the beginning of June and the second in the mid-July. Meanwhile, in the intensive farm it was observed in late May. Click beetle adults, identified in the study, were prescribed to 6 species and 4 genera. The most abundant click beetle species were Agriotes obscurus L., Agriotes lineatus L. and Agriotes sputator L. which occurred without an exception in all the agrocenoses and both types of farms. It was determined that the highest click beetle adults’ activity in the intensive farm was observed in the end of July while the maximum of click beetle adults’ activity in the organic farm was defined in June.

scholarly journals Firefly genomes illuminate parallel origins of bioluminescence in beetles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Fallon ◽  
Sarah E. Lower ◽  
Ching-Ho Chang ◽  
Manabu Bessho-Uehara ◽  
Gavin J. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Photinus Pyralis ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Light Organs ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractFireflies and their fascinating luminous courtships have inspired centuries of scientific study. Today firefly luciferase is widely used in biotechnology, but the evolutionary origin of their bioluminescence remains unclear. To shed light on this long-standing question, we sequenced the genomes of two firefly species that diverged over 100 million-years-ago: the North AmericanPhotinus pyralisand JapaneseAquatica lateralis.We also sequenced the genome of a related click-beetle, the CaribbeanIgnelater luminosus,with bioluminescent biochemistry near-identical to fireflies, but anatomically unique light organs, suggesting the intriguing but contentious hypothesis of parallel gains of bioluminescence. Our analyses support two independent gains of bioluminescence between fireflies and click-beetles, and provide new insights into the genes, chemical defenses, and symbionts that evolved alongside their luminous lifestyle.One Sentence Summary:Comparative analyses of the first linkage-group-resolution genomes of fireflies and related bioluminescent beetles address long-standing questions of the origin and evolution of bioluminescence and its associated traits.

scholarly journals Wireworms in Florida Sugarcane

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
R. H. Cherry ◽  
M. Karounos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Damage ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Flood Duration ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Ratoon Sugarcane ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
Soil Insecticides

Wireworms, the larval stage of a click beetle, often cause severe damage to numerous crops in Florida. At least twelve species of wireworms have been found in southern Florida, but only the corn wireworm, Melanotus communis, is considered to cause significant economic damage to sugarcane. Since M. communis is the important wireworm species, the rest of this document will pertain to this species. Generally, wireworms are a pest of newly planted sugarcane and only rarely a pest in ratoon sugarcane. More studies are needed, but the current information suggests substantial percentages (e.g. 40% or more) of wireworms could be killed by flooding but, in general, the flood duration had to be at least 4 to 5 weeks at water temperatures above 24 °C. Soil insecticides are generally used in newly planted sugarcane for wireworm control. Insecticides are not used for wireworm control in ratoon sugarcane. Pheromone traps are untested in Florida sugarcane for click beetles but have an important function in for both mass trapping and monitoring in other agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Distribution and relative abundance of the economically important click beetles (Elateridae: Agriotes sp.) in Hungary

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Antal Nagy ◽  
István Dávid ◽  
István Szarukán
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Significant Damage

Click beetle (Elateridae: Agriotes sp.) species of 24 sites in different regions of Hungary were studied in 2010. A. brevis, A. sputator, A. obscurus, A. lineatus, A. rufipalpis and A. ustulatus were sampled by pheromone traps in maize fields. During the study more than 80000 beetles were caught. The three most common species were A. ustulatus, A. sputator and A. rufipalpis. The distribution of the studied species was uneven. In south Hungary A. ustulatus, A, rufipalpis and A. sputator were the three most abundant species. In the Transdanubia A. sputator was the most abundant. A. ustulatus reached higher abundance in only three sites (3/12). A. obscurus occurred only in west Hungary (Transdanubia). In eastern Hungary the abundance of studied species was higher. In this reason we have to monitor the populations of these pests and if it is necessary we have to take actions against them. In Transdanubia the abundance were generally lower but in many cases reached the threshold of significant damage. Beyond that 13 additional species were sampled so the total number of sampled species was 19.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of click beetle complexes in perennial plantings of the Western Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 04015
Author(s):  
Valeriy Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
The Western Caucasus

The complexes of click beetles in the perennial plantations of the Western Caucasus are formed at the expense of species from the surrounding (adjacent) biotopes. In the forest zone, the complexes are formed by their similarity to meadow biotopes (biocenoses) with inclusions of dominant species from meadow biotopes of the foothill lane. Agriotes tauricus Heyd., and Drasterius bimaculatus (Rossi) are common species in all lanes and zones of the studied region. Species Agriotes gurgistanus (Fald.), Melanotus fusciceps (Gyll.), Athous Circassiensis Reitt., Agriotes sputator (L.) are most often dominant of elateridocoplex.

scholarly journals The first mainland European Mesozoic click-beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) revealed by X-ray micro-computed tomography scanning of an Upper Cretaceous amber from Hungary

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Szabó ◽  
Robin Kundrata ◽  
Johana Hoffmannova ◽  
Tamás Németh ◽  
Emese Bodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Tomography Scanning

AbstractFossil bioinclusions in amber are invaluable source of information on the past evolution and diversity of various organisms, as well as on the paleoecosystems in general. The click-beetles, Elateridae, which originated and greatly diversified during the Mesozoic, are mostly known from the adpression-like fossils, and their diversity in the Cretaceous ambers is only poorly documented. In this study, we describe a new click-beetle based on an incomplete inclusion in ajkaite, an Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) amber from the Ajka Coal Formation from Hungary. We used X-ray micro-computed tomography scanning to reconstruct its morphology because it is deposited in an opaque piece of amber. Our results suggest that the newly described Ajkaelater merkli gen. et sp. nov. belongs to subfamily Elaterinae. It represents the first Mesozoic beetle reported from Hungary, and the first Mesozoic Elateridae formally described from mainland Europe. Our discovery supports an Eurasian distribution and diversification of Elaterinae already in the Cretaceous. The paleoenvironment of the Ajka Coal Formation agrees well with the presumed habitat preference of the new fossil taxon. The discovery of a presumably saproxylic click-beetle shed further light on the yet poorly known paleoecosystem of the Santonian present-day western Hungary.

Two Protodynastic Objects in Brussels and the Origin of the Bilobate Cult-Sign of Neith

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Hendrickx
Keyword(s):  
Original Form ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Click Beetle

New publication and discussion of two fragmentary stone objects of Protodynastic date in the Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire in Brussels, together with a further fragment from one of them, found a few years ago in the excavations of the DAIK at Umm el-Qa'ab. The carved decoration of both includes representations of the click beetle (Agrypnus notodonta Latr.), sacred to Neith. From their iconography, it is suggested that the bilobate cult-sign of Neith originally consisted of the image of two click beetles, flanking two crossed arrows attached to a pole. Three different symbols of Neith can be distinguished during the Protodynastic Period: the bilobate object, two crossed arrows, and two bows tied together. The original meaning of the bilobate object seems to have been forgotten before the end of the Old Kingdom, and during the Middle Kingdom it lost its original form and was henceforward depicted as an oval. The significance given to it at that time remains open to discussion, but its traditional identification as a shield is most probably the result of the far more recent assimilation of Neith to the Greek goddess Athena.

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