Seasonal Root, Shoot, and Fruit Growth Patterns in Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa a. Chev.) in Central Chile

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292
Author(s):  
Eduardo von Bennewitz ◽  
Sebastian Suazo ◽  
Anna J. Keutgen ◽  
Tomáš Lošák ◽  
Marcos Carrasco-Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Actinidia Deliciosa ◽  
Central Chile

Daily growth patterns of six species of young-of-the-year of Chilean intertidal fishes

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Plaza ◽  
Mauricio F. Landaeta ◽  
C. Valeria Espinoza ◽  
F. Patricio Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Increment Width ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Intertidal Pools ◽  
Oval Shape ◽  
Intertidal Fishes

Otolith microstructure analysis was used to reveal daily growth patterns of young-of-the year (YOY) of six species of perciform fishes, Bovichtus chilensis (Bovichtidae), Girella laevifrons and Graus nigra (Kyphosidae), Helcogrammoides chilensis (Tripterygiidae) and Hypsoblennius sordidus and Scartichthys viridis (Blenniidae). YOY collected in intertidal pools from June to December 2008 in Central Chile, ranged from 24 to 76 mm total length and from 25 to 390 days of age. In the six species, sagittal otoliths showed a slightly oval shape, symmetrical and laterally compressed and showed micro-increments distinguishable after a two-side polishing. Increment width of sagittae showed two patterns irrespective of hatch month and species: (i) a parabolic growth with wider increment widths (during the first 150 of YOY life, e.g. B. chilensis, G. nigra and G. laevifrons); and (ii) a more irregular pattern with lower increment widths during most of the seasons in H. chilensis and H. sordidus. Further results were: (i) a unique central primordium enclosed by two checks after which distinctive increments were deposited; (ii) low instantaneous growth rates estimated through the slope of the length-at-age relationship (range 0.1–0.21 mm d−1); and (iii) a linear fish size–otolith size relationship.

scholarly journals Fruit Development in Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 682f-682
Author(s):  
Roisin McGarry ◽  
Jocelyn A. Ozga ◽  
Dennis M. Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Growing Seasons

Saskatoon fruits, an emerging horticultural crop across the Canadian prairies, vary greatly in size among cultivars. In this study, we compare fruit development patterns among large, medium, and small fruited cultivars of saskatoon, and assess the role of seed number and pedicel diameter on fruit size. Fruit growth patterns of four cultivars (Thiessen, Northline, Regent, and Smoky) were determined from weekly measurements of fruit diameters and fresh and dry flower/fruit weights during two consecutive growing seasons. The developmental patterns of fruit growth determined using the above criteria were similar among cultivars and between years. At maturity, the largest fruits (fresh weight) obtained were from cv. Thiessen, followed by `Northline', `Smoky', and `Regent', in descending order. Pedicel diameters (one week prior to maturity) correlated linearly with increasing fruit diameter and fresh weight. At maturity, seed number per fruit correlated linearly with increasing fruit weight. Thiessen contained significantly more seeds per fruit (4.6) than `Northline' (3.7), `Smoky' (3.2), and `Regent' (3.2).

scholarly journals Influence of European Red Mite on Leaf and Whole-canopy Carbon Dioxide Exchange, Yield, Fruit Size, Quality, and Return Cropping in `Starkrimson Delicious' Apple Trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Lakso ◽  
G.B. Mattii ◽  
J.P. Nyrop ◽  
S.S. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Late Season ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Individual Trees

The hypothesis was tested that effects of late-season European Red Mite (ERM) [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] injury on apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit development are better explained by carbon physiology than by pest densities. Midseason ERM populations were allowed to develop in mature semi-dwarf `Starkrimson Delicious'/M26 trees with moderately heavy crops, then were controlled with miticides at different mite-day (activity of one mite per leaf for 1 day) levels as estimated by weekly leaf sampling. The range of final mite-days was from 250 to 2100 on individual trees. Seasonal fruit growth patterns were monitored. Diurnal whole-canopy net CO2 exchange rate (NCER) was measured in eight clear flexible balloon whole-canopy chambers on several dates before and after mite infestations. Mite injury reduced fruit growth rates. Leaf and whole-canopy NCER were reduced similarly. Late season fruit growth and final fruit size were correlated with accumulated mite-days, but were better correlated to whole-canopy NCER per fruit. Fruit firmness, color, soluble solids and starch ratings showed no correlation to mite-days. Number of flower clusters per tree and final fruit per tree the following year were not related to accumulated mite-days, but final fruit per tree the following year were better correlated to whole-canopy NCER per fruit. These results generally supported the hypothesis.

scholarly journals Patterns of Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) Fruit and Seed Growth

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roisin McGarry ◽  
Jocelyn A. Ozga ◽  
Dennis M. Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Dry Fruit ◽  
Fruit Mass

Saskatoon fruit are an emerging horticultural crop across the Canadian prairies. As fruit size varies greatly among cultivars, knowledge of fruit growth patterns and factors that affect fruit size can be used to establish breeding trials and develop orchard management strategies that could enhance the production of this crop. In this study, we 1) determined fruit and seed growth patterns among large-, medium-, and small-fruited cultivars of saskatoon using growing degree days to standardize time to crop development and 2) assessed the role of seed number on fruit size. Fruit growth patterns of four cultivars (Thiessen, Northline, Regent, and Smoky) were determined from weekly measurements of fresh and dry fruit mass during two consecutive seasons. These growth patterns exhibited three phases. The largest fruit at maturity were from `Thiessen', followed by `Northline', `Smoky', and `Regent', in descending order. Pedicel cross-sectional areas 1 week before maturity correlated linearly with increasing fresh and dry fruit mass and seed number per fruit. At maturity, seed number per fruit correlated linearly with fresh and dry fruit mass. `Thiessen' contained significantly more seeds per fruit (4.6) than `Northline' (3.7), `Smoky' (3.2), and `Regent' (3.2). The results of this research suggest potential areas for orchard management improvement and future research directions for saskatoon crop improvement.

scholarly journals Fruit Yield and Quality as Related to Flushes of Bearing Shoots in Litchi

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jer-Chia Chang ◽  
Tzong-Shyan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this study was to document the relationship between fruit growth patterns and flushing number in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. 73-S-20). The impact of flush number on fruit retention, fruit quality, and leaf efficiency (g fruit FW produced per unit of leaf area at harvest) was assessed in field-grown 6-year-old trees by adjusting the number of flushes per bearing shoot through girdling at two fruit developmental stages. The cumulative fruit growth was sigmoidal. The greatest fruit relative growth rate (RGR) occurred during 3 to 5 weeks after full bloom (AFB), peaking on week 3 at 0.39 g·g−1 dry weight (DW) per day. The greatest fruit absolute growth rate (AGR) occurred during weeks 8 to 11, peaking on week 11 at 0.16 g·d−1 DW. Fruit retention was sensitive to girdling applied during week 3. Most fruit dropped on branches with ≤ two flushes, whereas fruit continued to develop on branches with three flushes and on the controls. There was a gradual loss of fruit when the girdling was applied during week 8. The number of fruit retained on branches with two and three flushes was similar to the controls. At harvest, regardless of the time of branch girdling, fruit yield and quality increased with increasing number of flushes; shoots with three flushes were similar to ungirdled controls. Leaf efficiency on branches girdled during week 3 was inferior to that girdled during week 8. All treatments had similar leaf efficiency when branches were girdled during week 8. On the other hand, girdling treatment applied during week 3 resulted in variable leaf efficiency among treatment, indicating that fruit were utilizing reserves in bearing shoots. We concluded that bearing shoots of ‘73-S-20’ litchi trees require a minimum number of three flushes for adequate fruit production.

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