scholarly journals Variability of cone parameters and scale morphology in the black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) in the context of seed extraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-989
Author(s):  
Monika Aniszewska ◽  
Ewa Tulska ◽  
Katarzyna Żurawska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Scale Morphology ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract In this paper, the results of research on the variability of black alder cones (Alnus glutinosa L.) ware presented. The research was carried out for two, significantly different, batches of cones. Basic size parameters and mass were measured. The shape of the cone was determined, and it was described with the fourth-degree polynomial. The surface area and volume of the cone were calculated using the forming curve and formulas for solids: barrel and cylinder. The parameters of cones—shape surface area and volume—were analyzed. It was found that for alder cones (from the researched origins), the average volumes calculated from the barrel formula are 1701 mm3 and 1162 mm3, and the areas calculated from the cylinder formula are 807 mm2 and 597 mm2. The structure of the inner and outer sides of scales was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Using the MultiScanBase v. 18.03 program, the elements of husk structure that could affect the efficiency of seeds extraction were measured. The results of the research can be used to program the process of seeds extraction from alder cones in commercial installations.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) cones in the context of seed extraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Gendek ◽  
Monika Aniszewska ◽  
Ewa Tulska ◽  
Joanna Siwek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Curve Surface ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Area And Volume

In the paper generating curves given by fourth-degree polynomials were used to model the shape of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) cones from the Polish Forest Districts of Kołaczyce (one batch) and Opole (two batches), and to calculate the surface area and volume of individual cones. However, it was not possible to construct generalized equations for the surface area and volume of Douglas fir cones due to the high variability of empirical coefficients. The surface area and volume of the cones were also calculated from their length and diameter based on formulas for a cylinder and a barrel corrected by constants k1 and k2. The mean surface area of closed Douglas fir cones determined for the first, second, and third batch using the generating function was 4,348.4 mm2, 3,857.0 mm2, and 2,844.7 mm2, and the volume was 27,212.4 mm3, 21,012.9 mm3, and 12,844.4 mm3, respectively. The corresponding values calculated from the geometric formulas for solids were 4,332.0 mm2, 3,838.0 mm2, and 2,862.9 mm2 for the surface area and 27,366.0 mm3, 20,648.9 mm3, and 13,375.3 mm3 for the volume. The evaporation area of open cones was found to be five times greater than that of closed cones, with the difference being statistically significant. The outer and inner surfaces of scales taken from the middle segment of Douglas fir cones were photographed using a Quanta 200 scanning microscope (FEIC). The characteristic elements of scale morphology were evaluated by means of MultiScan Base software package. The outer and inner surfaces of Douglas fir scales were found to differ in some important ways, similarly as it has been reported in the literature for the Scots pine, silver fir, European larch, and black alder. The outer surface of scales is formed by thick-walled cells with marked protrusions, while the inner surface reveals cells with thin, frayed walls in the region adjacent to the seeds and wings. Knowledge of the geometry of Douglas fir cones and the morphology of their scales may be helpful in optimizing seed extraction parameters for those cones. Key words: seed extraction, model, shape curve, surface area, volume, scanning electron microscope

scholarly journals Variability of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) cones – variability of cone parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Aniszewska ◽  
Urszula Błuszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Shape Estimation ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract This study aimed at determining the shape of closed silver fir cones from the Jawor Forest District (Wroclaw), based purely on measurements of their length and thickness. Using these two parameters, the most accurate estimations were achieved with a fourth-degree polynomial fitting function. We then calculated the cones’ surface area and volume in three different ways: 1) Using the fourth-degree polynomial shape estimation, 2) Introducing indicators of compliance (k1, k2, k3) to calculate the volume and then comparing it to its actual value as measured in a pitcher filled with water, 3) Comparing the surface area of the cones as calculated with the polynomial function to the value obtained from ratios of indicators of compliance (ratios k4 and k5). We found that the calculated surface area and volume were substantially higher than the corresponding measured values. Test values of cone volume and surface area as calculated by our model were 8% and 5% lower, respectively, compared to direct measurements. We also determined the fir cones apparent density to be 0.8 g·cm-3on average. The gathered data on cone surface area, volume and bulk density is a valuable tool for optimizing the thermal peeling process in mill cabinets to acquire high quality seeds.

scholarly journals Micropore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Low-Permeability Coal Seams

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-zhe Deng ◽  
Rui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Coal Seam ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Scanning Electron

With the raw coal from a typical low-permeability coal seam in the coalfield of South Junger Basin in Xinjiang as the research object, this paper examined six kinds of coal samples with different permeabilities using a scanning electron microscope and a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption test that employed a JSM-6460LV high-resolution scanning electron microscope and an ASAP2020 automatic specific surface area micropore analyzer to measure all characteristic micropore structural parameters. According to fractal geometry theory, four fractal dimension calculation models of coal and rock were established, after which the pore structure characteristic parameters were used to calculate the fractal dimensions of the different coal seams. The results show that (1) the low-permeability coal seam in the coalfield of South Junger Basin in Xinjiang belongs to mesoporous medium, with a certain number of large pores and no micropores. The varying adsorption capacities of the different coal seams were positively correlated with pore volume, surface area, and the mesoporous surface area proportions, from which it was concluded that mesopores were the main contributors to pore adsorption in low-permeability coal seams. (2) The raw coal pore fractal dimension had a negative linear relationship to average pore size, a positive linear relationship with total pore volume, total surface area, and adsorption capacity, and a positive correlation with the mesoporous surface area proportion; that is, the higher the fractal dimension, the larger the pore volume and surface area of the raw coal. (3) The permeability of the low-permeability coal seam had a phase correlation with the micropore development degree; that is, the permeability had a phase negative correlation with the pore distribution fractal dimension, and there was a positive correlation between permeability and porosity. These results are of theoretical significance for the clean exploitation of low-permeability coal seam resources.

scholarly journals X Preparation and Characterization of Carbon-Based Composite Nanofibers for Supercapacitor

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Gao ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Chunxia Wang ◽  
Yuping Chang ◽  
Pibo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Co(OAc)2/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent, and by carbonization and activation of the above precursor nanofibers, porous carbon composite nanofibers were successfully obtained. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, ASAP 2020, and Solartron 1470 were used to characterize the surface morphology, the phase composition, specific surface area, and electrochemical property of the nanofibers, respectively. The result showed that some of the fibers were broken after sintering, and the surface area and pore volume of the porous C/Cu/CNTs were 771 m2/g and 0.347 cm3/g, respectively. The specific capacitance of the composite nanofibers reached up to 210 F/g at the current density of 1.0 A/g. Its energy density and power density were 3.1 Wh/Kg and 2,337 W/Kg, respectively, at the current of 0.5 and 5 mA.

scholarly journals Shape and surface area measurements using scanning electron microscope stereo-pair images of volcanic ash particles

Geosphere ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen P. Mills ◽  
William I. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals The extraction process and seed quality of silver fir cones Abies alba Mill.

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Monika Aniszewska ◽  
Jacek Brzózko ◽  
Witold Zychowicz
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Seed Extraction

Abstract Fir cones Abies alba Mill. are not as extensively described in the literature as cones of other species, and therefore, there is no description of the changes in water content and their dynamics during the extraction process. Developing a mathematical model describing these changes based on cone parameters and air temperature is a step forward in determining the optimal conditions for the extraction process. here, we present such a model derived using fresh cones collected in a seed production stand in the Zwoleń Forest District (RDSF Radom). For 120 randomly chosen cones, the length and the largest diameter of the cone were measured, using the Multiscan program. in addition, for 60 randomly selected cones, the diameter was measured along the entire length of the cone at 10 mm intervals. this allowed us to generate cone models approximating rotational solids for which the outer surface area was calculated using a fourth degree polynomial function and the obtained area was then used to determine cone volume. to facilitate the generalization of surface area and volume calculations to other cones, the ks1 and ks2 coefficients were derived, which simplified the employed formulas without significantly affecting accuracy. Analogous analyses were also performed for cone stems, which allowed the process of seed extraction from cones to be described by mathematical equations. The stem of the cone was found to constitute 2.6% of its volume and 4% of its dry mass. An exponential equation was used to describe the change in cone mass during the seed extraction process, in which the parameters are the initial and final water content of the cone and power factor b, which is a function of cone thickness. The energy content and germination rate for the extracted seeds were determined 14 and 28 days after sowing. The seeds obtained in the investigated extraction process did not reach first grade quality.

Scale Morphology of Tank Goby Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) (Perciformes: Gobiidae) using Scanning Electron Microscope

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeili Hamid Reza ◽  
Baghbani Somayeh ◽  
Zareian Halimeh ◽  
Shahryari Fatemeh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Scale Morphology ◽  
Glossogobius Giuris ◽  
Scanning Electron
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