Clinical features and characteristics of blood flow of uterine vascular abnormalities

We read with interest the article by Bartoshesky et al1 on ophthalmic and lethal cardiac malformations in the newborn exposed to diphenylhydantoin in utero. The article makes an important point about previously undescribed clinical features of fetal hydantoin syndrome and emphasizes the generalized effect of diphenylhydantoin as a teratogen. To elaborate further on this point, we wish to share our clinical observations in two patients with fetal hydantoin syndrome. One patient,2 a male (Figure), showed subcutaneous vascular abnormalities (cystic hygromas, telangiectasias, and capillary phlebectasias) on the anterior neck and both axillae, in addition to developmental delay, esotropia, epicanthal folds, high palate, triphalangeal thumbs, hypoplastic nails, inguinal hernia, and seven arches on the fingertips.

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How Variable Is the Volar Subcutaneous Tissue of the Digits on B-Mode and Color Doppler Ultrasound in Non-Psoriatic Individuals and Could It Be Included in a Dactylitis Score?

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound ◽

10.1055/a-1168-6636 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Rebollo-Giménez ◽

Lina Martínez-Estupiñán ◽

Otto Olivas-Vergara ◽

Gema Fuensalida-Novo ◽

Jesús Garrido ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽

Dominant Hand ◽

Scanning Method ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Gel Layer ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Digital subcutaneous tissue (SCT) changes are involved in dactylitis, a hallmark feature of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). There are no studies on the ultrasound (US) characteristics of the digital SCT in the general population. Objectives To investigate the variability in US-measured thickness (TH) and color Doppler (CD)-detected blood flow of the SCT of the volar aspects of the fingers in a non-psoriatic population and to investigate the impact of the scanning method and demographics and clinical features on these measurements. Methods SCT TH and semiquantitative (SQD) and quantitative (QD) Doppler signals were measured in the bilateral second finger at the proximal and middle phalanges in 81 non-psoriatic volunteers [49 female, 32 men; 18–78 years]. Two scanning methods with and without (thick gel layer interposition) probe-skin contact were used. Demographics and clinical features were collected. Results There was high variability of SCT TH and Doppler measurements between individuals. All US measurements obtained without probe-skin contact were significantly greater than their corresponding measurements obtained with the probe contacting the skin (p < 0.001). SCT TH was positively related to dominant hand, age, masculine gender, weight, height, body mass index, and alcohol consumption while Doppler measurements were positively related to age and non-dominant hand. Conclusions US-measured SCT thickness and Doppler-detected SCT blood flow of the volar aspect of the fingers seem to be highly variable in the non-psoriatic population as well as highly dependent on the US scanning method. This variability is of utmost importance for assessing dactylitis in PsA.

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Tau induces blood vessel abnormalities and angiogenesis-related gene expression in P301L transgenic mice and human Alzheimer’s disease

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1710329115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (6) ◽

pp. E1289-E1298 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Rachel E. Bennett ◽

Ashley B. Robbins ◽

Miwei Hu ◽

Xinrui Cao ◽

Rebecca A. Betensky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Blood Vessel ◽

Cell Biology ◽

The Elderly ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Cortical Atrophy ◽

Vascular Abnormalities ◽

Alzheimer Pathology

Mixed pathology, with both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular abnormalities, is the most common cause of clinical dementia in the elderly. While usually thought to be concurrent diseases, the fact that changes in cerebral blood flow are a prominent early and persistent alteration in Alzheimer’s disease raises the possibility that vascular alterations and Alzheimer pathology are more directly linked. Here, we report that aged tau-overexpressing mice develop changes to blood vessels including abnormal, spiraling morphologies; reduced blood vessel diameters; and increased overall blood vessel density in cortex. Blood flow in these vessels was altered, with periods of obstructed flow rarely observed in normal capillaries. These changes were accompanied by cortical atrophy as well as increased expression of angiogenesis-related genes such as Vegfa, Serpine1, and Plau in CD31-positive endothelial cells. Interestingly, mice overexpressing nonmutant forms of tau in the absence of frank neurodegeneration also demonstrated similar changes. Furthermore, many of the genes we observe in mice are also altered in human RNA datasets from Alzheimer patients, particularly in brain regions classically associated with tau pathology such as the temporal lobe and limbic system regions. Together these data indicate that tau pathological changes in neurons can impact brain endothelial cell biology, altering the integrity of the brain’s microvasculature.

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A fatal case of idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951103000970 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 469-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Przemysław Palka ◽

Aleksandra Lange ◽

Cameron Ward

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Myocardial Ischaemia ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Fatal Case ◽

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Marked Elevation

We describe the clinical features of idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy in a female infant. A marked elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and profoundly abnormal myocardial relaxation, were detected with the use of Doppler blood flow echocardiography, coupled with the relatively new technique of Doppler tissue echocardiography. There was no clinical evidence of ongoing heart failure, but she had signs of myocardial ischaemia, and unfortunately died suddenly at the age of 13 months.

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The association of clinical features and cerebral blood flow in Parkinson’s disease

Journal of the Neurological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2706 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 381 ◽

pp. 961

Author(s):

T. Yuasa ◽

N. Tanabe ◽

S. Taguchi ◽

S. Saeki ◽

H. Ooiwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Clinical Features

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The 35th Anniversary of the Discovery of EPR Effect: A New Wave of Nanomedicines for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery—Personal Remarks and Future Prospects

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11030229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 229

Author(s):

Hiroshi Maeda

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Small Animal ◽

Experimental Models ◽

New Wave ◽

Epr Effect ◽

Vascular Abnormalities ◽

Boron Neutron Capture ◽

Drug Doses ◽

Tumor Emboli

This Special Issue on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect commemorates the 35th anniversary of its discovery, the original 1986 Matsumura and Maeda finding being published in Cancer Research as a new concept in cancer chemotherapy. My review here describes the history and heterogeneity of the EPR effect, which involves defective tumor blood vessels and blood flow. We reported that restoring obstructed tumor blood flow overcomes impaired drug delivery, leading to improved EPR effects. I also discuss gaps between small animal cancers used in experimental models and large clinical cancers in humans, which usually involve heterogeneous EPR effects, vascular abnormalities in multiple necrotic foci, and tumor emboli. Here, I emphasize arterial infusion of oily formulations of nanodrugs into tumor-feeding arteries, which is the most tumor-selective drug delivery method, with tumor/blood ratios of 100-fold. This method is literally the most personalized medicine because arterial infusions differ for each patient, and drug doses infused depend on tumor size and anatomy in each patient. Future developments in EPR effect-based treatment will range from chemotherapy to photodynamic therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, and therapies for free radical diseases. This review focuses on our own work, which stimulated numerous scientists to perform research in nanotechnology and drug delivery systems, thereby spawning a new cancer treatment era.

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Intraocular pressure and superior ophthalmic vein blood flow velocity in Graves’ orbitopathy: relation with the clinical features

Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s00417-009-1144-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 247 (11) ◽

pp. 1555-1559 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Onur Konuk ◽

Zafer Onaran ◽

Suna Ozhan Oktar ◽

Cem Yucel ◽

Mehmet Unal

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Superior Ophthalmic Vein ◽

Graves Orbitopathy

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Diagnosis and clinical course of ocular ischemic syndrome with retinal vascular abnormalities due to unilateral ocular artery and internal carotid artery stenosis in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-020-01670-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroaki Sakai ◽

Kosuke Kawata ◽

Jun Masuoka ◽

Tomohisa Nishimura ◽

Hiroshi Enaida

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid Artery ◽

Ophthalmic Artery ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽

Artery Stenosis ◽

Vascular Abnormalities ◽

The Right ◽

Ischemic Syndrome

Abstract Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a hereditary disease that causes neurofibromas generally, but it has been reported to sometimes be associated with various forms of blood vessel stenosis, occlusion and vascular abnormalities of unknown mechanism. However, a symptomatic case with simultaneous ophthalmic artery stenosis and internal carotid artery stenosis is an extremely rare pathogenesis in a child with NF1. In this report, we performed the diagnosis and observation using various imaging modalities for this rare pediatric case. Case presentation A 6-year-old girl diagnosed with NF1 presented with gradual visual loss in the right eye. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/40 OD and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was normal in both eyes. Retinal vascular abnormalities with tortuous vessels and optic disc pallor were observed in the right fundus. Widefield fluorescein angiography revealed multiple sites of neovascularization and a large non-perfusion area in the peripheral retina. Optical coherence tomography angiography showed retinal vascular abnormalities in the right eye and revealed differences in inner retinal thickness and blood flow signal between the left and right eyes. Laser speckle flowgraphy showed that chorioretinal blood flow was significantly decreased in the right eye. Cerebral angiography revealed the right ophthalmic artery was significantly narrowed throughout. In addition, Magnetic resonance angiography revealed that the right internal carotid artery was significantly narrowed in the ophthalmic segment. We diagnosed ophthalmic artery and internal carotid artery stenosis with retinal vascular abnormalities and ocular ischemic syndrome in NF1. Because IOP increased to 35 mmHg, due to neovascular glaucoma in addition to mild vitreous hemorrhage occurred, panretinal photocoagulation was performed after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. After treatments, IOP normalized, but BCVA decreased to 20/100 OD. Arterial spin labeling showed normal cerebral blood flow. The patient is currently being carefully monitored. Conclusions We have described the diagnosis and treatment of ocular ischemic syndrome due to multiple arteries stenosis in a child with NF 1. Utilization of various imaging modalities was helpful in diagnosing the complicated pathogenesis. However, since direct intervention by neurosurgery is not possible in this case, it is expected that treatment will be extremely difficult in the future.

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