Effect of Subject-Specific Vertebral Position and Head and Neck Size on Calculation of Spine Musculoskeletal Moments

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1844-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita N. Vasavada ◽  
Ellis Hughes ◽  
Derek D. Nevins ◽  
Steven M. Monda ◽  
David C. Lin
2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn B. Caccese ◽  
Thomas A. Buckley ◽  
Ryan T. Tierney ◽  
Kristy B. Arbogast ◽  
William C. Rose ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Mortensen ◽  
Mohammad Homayounpour ◽  
Andrew S. Merryweather

Abstract Simulating impacts to the head that are likely to cause concussion contributes knowledge to inform efforts to reduce head injury risk in sports. Previous studies used generic models and potentially missed subject-specific factors, which when combined with experimental data may offer additional insights about an individual’s risk. This study details methods for creating more subject-specific OpenSim models of the head and neck, which can be used in future studies to evaluate head injury risk during impacts. A generic model was scaled to match subject height and weight using data available from the literature. Muscle strength and passive properties were also scaled in order to reproduce experimental data obtained during safe impacts to the head. The average error between experimental and simulation kinematic values was under 15% for all but one of the subject-models. By applying the methods presented in this study, future work could include using subject-specific models to assess individual athletes and generate personalized training protocols to help prevent injury. Future work could also include subject-specific models to investigate the effects of posture, startle response, and auditory warnings on head injury metrics.


2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. A66.1-A66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn B Caccese ◽  
Thomas A Buckley ◽  
Ryan T Tierney ◽  
William C Rose ◽  
Kristy B Arbogast ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3705-3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avani Vyas ◽  
Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽  
Kirill Kiselyov

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.


Anaesthesia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 814-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Dravid ◽  
M. Popat
Keyword(s):  

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