scholarly journals Quantifying Subresolution 3D Morphology of Bone with Clinical Computed Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Karhula ◽  
M. A. J. Finnilä ◽  
S. J. O. Rytky ◽  
D. M. Cooper ◽  
J. Thevenot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Occurrence Matrix

Abstract The aim of this study was to quantify sub-resolution trabecular bone morphometrics, which are also related to osteoarthritis (OA), from clinical resolution cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Samples (n = 53) were harvested from human tibiae (N = 4) and femora (N = 7). Grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture and histogram-based parameters were calculated from CBCT imaged trabecular bone data, and compared with the morphometric parameters quantified from micro-computed tomography. As a reference for OA severity, histological sections were subjected to OARSI histopathological grading. GLCM and histogram parameters were correlated to bone morphometrics and OARSI individually. Furthermore, a statistical model of combined GLCM/histogram parameters was generated to estimate the bone morphometrics. Several individual histogram and GLCM parameters had strong associations with various bone morphometrics (|r| > 0.7). The most prominent correlation was observed between the histogram mean and bone volume fraction (r = 0.907). The statistical model combining GLCM and histogram-parameters resulted in even better association with bone volume fraction determined from CBCT data (adjusted R2 change = 0.047). Histopathology showed mainly moderate associations with bone morphometrics (|r| > 0.4). In conclusion, we demonstrated that GLCM- and histogram-based parameters from CBCT imaged trabecular bone (ex vivo) are associated with sub-resolution morphometrics. Our results suggest that sub-resolution morphometrics can be estimated from clinical CBCT images, associations becoming even stronger when combining histogram and GLCM-based parameters.

scholarly journals Trabecular bone score: perspectives of an imaging technology coming of age

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara C. Silva ◽  
John P. Bilezikian
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Trabecular Bone Score ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Trabecular Microarchitecture ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Imaging Technology

The trabecular bone score (TBS) is a new method to describe skeletal microarchitecture from the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) image of the lumbar spine. While TBS is not a direct physical measurement of trabecular microarchitecture, it correlates with micro-computed tomography (µCT) measures of bone volume fraction, connectivity density, trabecular number, and trabecular separation, and with vertebral mechanical behavior in ex vivo studies. In human subjects, TBS has been shown to be associated with trabecular microarchitecture and bone strength by high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT). Cross-sectional and prospective studies, involving a large number of subjects, have both shown that TBS is associated with vertebral, femoral neck, and other types of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Data in men, while much less extensive, show similar findings. TBS is also associated with fragility fractures in subjects with secondary causes of osteoporosis, and preliminary data suggest that TBS might improve fracture prediction when incorporated in the fracture risk assessment system known as FRAX. In this article, we review recent advances that have helped to establish this new imaging technology.

scholarly journals Bone health in spacefaring rodents and primates: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyan Fu ◽  
Matthew Goldsmith ◽  
Sequoia D. Crooks ◽  
Sean F. Condon ◽  
Martin Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractAnimals in space exploration studies serve both as a model for human physiology and as a means to understand the physiological effects of microgravity. To quantify the microgravity-induced changes to bone health in animals, we systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and NASA Technical reports. We selected 40 papers focusing on the bone health of 95 rats, 61 mice, and 9 rhesus monkeys from 22 space missions. The percentage difference from ground control in rodents was –24.1% [Confidence interval: −43.4, −4.9] for trabecular bone volume fraction and –5.9% [−8.0, −3.8] for the cortical area. In primates, trabecular bone volume fraction was lower by –25.2% [−35.6, −14.7] in spaceflight animals compared to GC. Bone formation indices in rodent trabecular and cortical bone were significantly lower in microgravity. In contrast, osteoclast numbers were not affected in rats and were variably affected in mice. Thus, microgravity induces bone deficits in rodents and primates likely through the suppression of bone formation.

scholarly journals Biaxial Normal Strength Behavior in the Axial-Transverse Plane for Human Trabecular Bone—Effects of Bone Volume Fraction, Microarchitecture, and Anisotropy

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnav Sanyal ◽  
Tony M. Keaveny
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Elastic Anisotropy ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Human Trabecular Bone ◽  
Strength Behavior ◽  
Normal Strength

The biaxial failure behavior of the human trabecular bone, which has potential relevance both for fall and gait loading conditions, is not well understood, particularly for low-density bone, which can display considerable mechanical anisotropy. Addressing this issue, we investigated the biaxial normal strength behavior and the underlying failure mechanisms for human trabecular bone displaying a wide range of bone volume fraction (0.06–0.34) and elastic anisotropy. Micro-computed tomography (CT)-based nonlinear finite element analysis was used to simulate biaxial failure in 15 specimens (5 mm cubes), spanning the complete biaxial normal stress failure space in the axial-transverse plane. The specimens, treated as approximately transversely isotropic, were loaded in the principal material orientation. We found that the biaxial stress yield surface was well characterized by the superposition of two ellipses—one each for yield failure in the longitudinal and transverse loading directions—and the size, shape, and orientation of which depended on bone volume fraction and elastic anisotropy. However, when normalized by the uniaxial tensile and compressive strengths in the longitudinal and transverse directions, all of which depended on bone volume fraction, microarchitecture, and mechanical anisotropy, the resulting normalized biaxial strength behavior was well described by a single pair of (longitudinal and transverse) ellipses, with little interspecimen variation. Taken together, these results indicate that the role of bone volume fraction, microarchitecture, and mechanical anisotropy is mostly accounted for in determining the uniaxial strength behavior and the effect of these parameters on the axial-transverse biaxial normal strength behavior per se is minor.

Architectural changes of trabecular bone caused by the remodeling process

2005 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Weinkamer ◽  
Markus A. Hartmann ◽  
Yves Brechet ◽  
Peter Fratzl
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Mechanical Problem ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Trabecular Bone Architecture

AbstractUsing a stochastic lattice model we have studied the architectural changes of trabecular bone occurring while the structure is remodeled. Our model considers the mechanical feedback loop, which control the remodeling process. A fast algorithm was employed to solve approximately the mechanical problem. A general feature of the model is that a networklike structure emerges, which further coarsens while the bone volume fraction remains unchanged. Decreasing the mechanical response of the system by either lowering the external load or the internal mechano-sensitivity leads not only to a reduction of the bone volume fraction, but results in topological changes of the trabecular bone architecture, where the loss of horizontal trabeculae is the most obvious effect.

scholarly journals Trabecular bone patterning in the hominoid distal femur

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leoni Georgiou ◽  
Tracy L. Kivell ◽  
Dieter H. Pahr ◽  
Matthew M. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Trabecular Structure ◽  
Trabecular Architecture ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Distal Epiphysis

BackgroundIn addition to external bone shape and cortical bone thickness and distribution, the distribution and orientation of internal trabecular bone across individuals and species has yielded important functional information on how bone adapts in response to load. In particular, trabecular bone analysis has played a key role in studies of human and nonhuman primate locomotion and has shown that species with different locomotor repertoires display distinct trabecular architecture in various regions of the skeleton. In this study, we analyse trabecular structure throughout the distal femur of extant hominoids and test for differences due to locomotor loading regime.MethodsMicro-computed tomography scans ofHomo sapiens(n= 11),Pan troglodytes(n= 18),Gorilla gorilla(n= 14) andPongosp. (n= 7) were used to investigate trabecular structure throughout the distal epiphysis of the femur. We predicted that bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in the medial and lateral condyles inHomowould be distally concentrated and more anisotropic due to a habitual extended knee posture at the point of peak ground reaction force during bipedal locomotion, whereas great apes would show more posteriorly concentrated BV/TV and greater isotropy due to a flexed knee posture and more variable hindlimb use during locomotion.ResultsResults indicate some significant differences between taxa, with the most prominent being higher BV/TV in the posterosuperior region of the condyles inPanand higher BV/TV and anisotropy in the posteroinferior region inHomo. Furthermore, trabecular number, spacing and thickness differ significantly, mainly separatingGorillafrom the other apes.DiscussionThe trabecular architecture of the distal femur holds a functional signal linked to habitual behaviour; however, there was more similarity across taxa and greater intraspecific variability than expected. Specifically, there was a large degree of overlap in trabecular structure across the sample, andHomowas not as distinct as predicted. Nonetheless, this study offers a comparative sample of trabecular structure in the hominoid distal femur and can contribute to future studies of locomotion in extinct taxa.

scholarly journals The plate-to-rod transition in trabecular bone loss is elusive

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 201401
Author(s):  
A. A. Felder ◽  
S. Monzem ◽  
R. De Souza ◽  
B. Javaheri ◽  
D. Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Bone Loss ◽  
Mouse Tibia ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
The Relationship

Changes in trabecular micro-architecture are key to our understanding of osteoporosis. Previous work focusing on structure model index (SMI) measurements have concluded that disease progression entails a shift from plates to rods in trabecular bone, but SMI is heavily biased by bone volume fraction. As an alternative to SMI, we proposed the ellipsoid factor (EF) as a continuous measure of local trabecular shape between plate-like and rod-like extremes. We investigated the relationship between EF distributions, SMI and bone volume fraction of the trabecular geometry in a murine model of disuse osteoporosis as well as from human vertebrae of differing bone volume fraction. We observed a moderate shift in EF median (at later disease stages in mouse tibia) and EF mode (in the vertebral samples with low bone volume fraction) towards a more rod-like geometry, but not in EF maximum and minimum. These results support the notion that the plate to rod transition does not coincide with the onset of bone loss and is considerably more moderate, when it does occur, than SMI suggests. A variety of local shapes not straightforward to categorize as rod or plate exist in all our trabecular bone samples.

Influence of bone volume fraction and architecture on computed large-deformation failure mechanisms in human trabecular bone

Bone ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Bevill ◽  
Senthil K. Eswaran ◽  
Atul Gupta ◽  
Panayiotis Papadopoulos ◽  
Tony M. Keaveny
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Large Deformation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Human Trabecular Bone

scholarly journals The Quartic Piecewise-Linear Criterion for the Multiaxial Yield Behavior of Human Trabecular Bone

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnav Sanyal ◽  
Joanna Scheffelin ◽  
Tony M. Keaveny
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Human Trabecular Bone ◽  
Strain Space

Prior multiaxial strength studies on trabecular bone have either not addressed large variations in bone volume fraction and microarchitecture, or have not addressed the full range of multiaxial stress states. Addressing these limitations, we utilized micro-computed tomography (μCT) based nonlinear finite element analysis to investigate the complete 3D multiaxial failure behavior of ten specimens (5 mm cube) of human trabecular bone, taken from three anatomic sites and spanning a wide range of bone volume fraction (0.09–0.36), mechanical anisotropy (range of E3/E1 = 3.0–12.0), and microarchitecture. We found that most of the observed variation in multiaxial strength behavior could be accounted for by normalizing the multiaxial strength by specimen-specific values of uniaxial strength (tension, compression in the longitudinal and transverse directions). Scatter between specimens was reduced further when the normalized multiaxial strength was described in strain space. The resulting multiaxial failure envelope in this normalized-strain space had a rectangular boxlike shape for normal–normal loading and either a rhomboidal boxlike shape or a triangular shape for normal-shear loading, depending on the loading direction. The finite element data were well described by a single quartic yield criterion in the 6D normalized-strain space combined with a piecewise linear yield criterion in two planes for normal-shear loading (mean error ± SD: 4.6 ± 0.8% for the finite element data versus the criterion). This multiaxial yield criterion in normalized-strain space can be used to describe the complete 3D multiaxial failure behavior of human trabecular bone across a wide range of bone volume fraction, mechanical anisotropy, and microarchitecture.

Combination of topological parameters and bone volume fraction better predicts the mechanical properties of trabecular bone

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Pothuaud ◽  
Bert Van Rietbergen ◽  
Lis Mosekilde ◽  
Olivier Beuf ◽  
Pierre Levitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Topological Parameters
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