scholarly journals Carbon and nitrogen accumulation within four black walnut alley cropping sites across Missouri and Arkansas, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1625-1638
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Thomas ◽  
Robert Kallenbach ◽  
Thomas J. Sauer ◽  
David K. Brauer ◽  
David M. Burner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Woody Tissues

Abstract Agroforestry systems that integrate useful long-lived trees have been recognized for their potential in mitigating the accumulation of atmospheric fossil fuel-derived carbon (C). Black walnut (Juglans nigra) is frequently planted and cultivated in North America for its valuable lumber and edible nuts, and is highly amenable to the integration of understory crops or livestock in agroforestry systems. However, little is known about C content in black walnut trees, including the amounts of C assimilated into lignocellulosic tissues within different tree compartments. Therefore, allometric equations for above- and below-ground compartments of 10-year-old black walnut trees across diverse locations were developed. Ten grafted black walnut trees from each of four sites across the midwestern USA were destructively harvested for above- and below-ground biomass, and dry biomass weight (DWw), C (Cw) and nitrogen (N; Nw) stocks were quantified. Soils surrounding the harvested trees were sampled and analyzed for soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN). Total DWw ranged from 27 to 54 kg tree−1, with woody tissues containing an average of 467 g kg−1 C and 3.5 g kg−1 N. Woody tissues differed in Cw and Nw across location, and above-ground sections contained more C and less N compared with most root tissues. The slopes of the allometric equations did not differ significantly among locations, while intercepts did, indicating that trees only differed in initial size across locations. SOC and TN did not vary in distance from the trees, likely because the trees were not yet old enough to have impacted the surrounding soils. Our results establish a foundation for quantifying C and N stocks in newly established black walnut alley cropping systems across diverse environments.

scholarly journals Maize Production and Soil Properties Change in Alley Cropping System at Different Nitrogen Levels

2010 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Md Abiar Rahman ◽  
Md Giashuddin Miah ◽  
Hisashi Yahata
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Productivity of maize and soil properties change under alley cropping system consisting of four woody species (Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Cajanus cajan and Senna siamea) at different nitrogen levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended rate) were studied in the floodplain ecosystem of Bangladesh. Comparative growth performance of four woody species after pruning showed that L. leucocephala attained the highest height, while C. cajan produced the maximum number of branches. Higher and almost similar amount of pruned materials (PM) were obtained from S. siamea, G. sepium and C. cajan species. In general, maize yield increased with the increase in N level irrespective of added PM. However, 100% N plus PM, 75% N plus PM and 100% N without PM (control) produced similar yields. The grain yield of maize obtained from G. sepium alley was 2.82, 4.13 and 5.81% higher over those of L. leucocephala, C. cajan and S. siamea, respectively. Across the alley, only one row of maize in the vicinity of the woody species was affected significantly. There was an increasing trend in soil properties in terms of organic C, total N and CEC in alley cropping treatments especially in G. sepium and L. leucocephala alleys compared to the initial and control soils. Therefore, one fourth chemical N fertilizer can be saved without significant yield loss in maize production in alley cropping system.

scholarly journals Crop Diversity Effects on Near-Surface Soil Condition under Dryland Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Liebig ◽  
David W. Archer ◽  
Don L. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Crop Diversity ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Total N ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Organic C ◽  
South Central

Unprecedented changes in agricultural land use throughout the northern Great Plains of North America have highlighted the need to better understand the role of crop diversity to affect ecosystem services derived from soil. This study sought to determine the effect of four no-till cropping systems differing in rotation length and crop diversity on near-surface (0 to 10 cm) soil properties. Cropping system treatments included small grain-fallow (SG-F) and three continuously cropped rotations (3 yr, 5 yr, and Dynamic) located in south-central North Dakota, USA. Soil pH was lower in the 3 yr rotation (5.17) compared to the Dynamic (5.51) and SG-F (5.55) rotations(P≤0.05). Among cropping system treatments, 5 yr and Dynamic rotations possessed significantly greater soil organic C (SOC) and total N (mean = 26.3 Mg C ha−1, 2.5 Mg N ha−1) compared to the 3 yr (22.7 Mg C ha−1, 2.2 Mg N ha−1) and SG-F (19.9 Mg C ha−1, 2.0 Mg N ha−1) rotations(P≤0.05). Comparison of SOC measured in this study to baseline values at the research site prior to the establishment of treatments revealed only the 5 yr and Dynamic rotations increased SOC over time. The results of this study suggest that a diverse portfolio of crops is necessary to minimize soil acidification and increase SOC.

Cropping system influences on soil chemical properties and soil quality in the Great Plains

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Mikha ◽  
M.F. Vigil ◽  
M.A. Liebig ◽  
R.A. Bowman ◽  
B. McConkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractSoil management and cropping systems have long-term effects on agronomic and environmental functions. This study examined the influence of contrasting management practices on selected soil chemical properties in eight long-term cropping system studies throughout the Great Plains and the western Corn Belt. For each study, soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), particulate organic matter (POM), inorganic N, electrical conductivity (EC), and soil pH were evaluated at 0–7.5, 7.5–15, and 15–30 cm within conventional (CON) and alternative (ALT) cropping systems for 4 years (1999–2002). Treatment effects were primarily limited to the surface 7.5 cm of soil. No-tillage (NT) and/or elimination of fallow in ALT cropping systems resulted in significantly (P<0.05) greater SOC and TN at 0–7.5 cm within five of the eight study sites [Akron, Colorado (CO); Bushland, Texas (TX); Fargo, North Dakota (ND); Mandan, ND; and Swift Current, Saskatchewan (SK), Canada]. The same pattern was observed with POM, where POM was significantly (P<0.05) greater at four of the eight study sites [Bushland, TX, Mandan, ND, Sidney, Montana (MT), and Swift Current, SK]. No consistent pattern was observed with soil EC and pH due to management, although soil EC explained almost 60% of the variability in soil NO3-N at 0–7.5 cm across all locations and sampling times. In general, chemical soil properties measured in this study consistently exhibited values more conducive to crop production and environmental quality in ALT cropping systems relative to CON cropping systems.

A soil health scoring framework for arable cropping systems in Saskatchewan Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyi Wu ◽  
Kate A. Congreves
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Scoring Functions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Weighting Factors ◽  
The Individual

Farmers are looking for appropriate tools for assessing and interpreting the health status of their soils; however, there is no standardized and prairie-based soil health scoring framework. As such, we focused on developing one for arable cropping systems in Saskatchewan. In 2018, soil samples (0-15, 15-30, and 30-60 cm depths) were collected from 55 arable fields across Saskatchewan, along with native prairie samples. Various soil chemical, physical, and biological attributes were measured (23 attributes in total). Based on the data distribution for each attribute, we developed scoring functions. The results from multivariate analyses were used to determine the weighting factors needed to integrate the individual scores from each soil attribute into a single Saskatchewan Assessment of Soil Health (SASH) score. Soil C and N indices (soil organic C, active C, total N, and soil protein) and total P produced the highest weighting factors. We also tested if there were linkages between the soil health and crop productivity by assessing the cereal yields for the past 10 years as reported from the same rural municipalities where the soil samples were collected. A positive relationship between soil health and yields was most apparent during dry years; thus, we recommend further research to explore this linkage at a finer-scale. Overall, this research forms the foundation of a promising framework that can be built upon, and in due course, lead to the development of a tool for producers who are interested in tracking soil health and using the results to inform management.

scholarly journals Impact of alley cropping system on soil fertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Jannatul Ferdush ◽  
Md. Meftahul Karim ◽  
Iffat Jahan Noor ◽  
Sadia Afrin Sadia Afrin Ju ◽  
Tofayel Ahamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Wheat Production

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pruned materials of two hedgerow species on wheat production and soil nutrient changes at different nitrogen levels in the research farm of the Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMARU) during November 2012 to March 2013. The design of the experiment was split plot, where two multipurpose tree species (MPTS) namely Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala were arranged in main plots and five different doses of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of recommended dose) with pruned materials were distributed to sub plots. Alley widths of both tree species were 6.0 meter. There were also control plots where full dose of recommended nitrogen was applied but no pruned material (PM) was incorporated. The soil chemical properties in the alleys consisting of G. sepium and L. leucocephala responded differently. Positive changes in the soil fertility in terms of soil pH, organic C, total N, available P, available S and exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and CEC of the top soil layer were observed in alley cropping system. Pruned materials application substantially reduced the nitrogen requirement for wheat production and 50 % Nitrogen fertilizer could be saved through pruned materials application. Among the tree species G. sepium seemed to be superior over L. leucocephala in building soil health.    

scholarly journals Management Drives Differences in Nutrient Dynamics in Conventional and Organic Four-Year Crop Rotation Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Weyers ◽  
David W. Archer ◽  
Jane M.F. Johnson ◽  
Alan R. Wilts
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Environmental Liabilities ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Application of exogenous N fertilizers provides agronomic benefits but carries environmental liabilities. Managing benefits and liabilities of N-based fertilizers in conventional (CNV) and organic (ORG) cropping systems might be improved with better knowledge of nutrient dynamics, the generation of intrinsic N, and maintenance of soil organic matter. This study evaluated mineral N dynamics, yields, residue inputs, and change in soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN) in strip-tilled, four-year crop rotations [corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)-wheat under-seeded with alfalfa (Triticum aestivum L./Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa] over eight years of production under CNV management using mineral-N (NO3NH4) and chemical pesticides or ORG management using organic-N (animal manure) and no chemical treatments. In ORG, N availability increased over time, but did not benefit ORG yields due to poor control of insects and weeds. Corn, soybean, and wheat grain yields were 1.9 to 2.7 times greater in CNV. In general, SOC was lost in CNV but did not change in ORG. Cumulative yield N removals exceeded cumulative fertilizer-N inputs by an average of 78% in CNV and 64% in ORG. These results indicated ORG management supported N availability by generating intrinsic N.

scholarly journals Effect of Tree Presence and Soil Characteristics on Soybean Yield and Quality in an Innovative Alley-Cropping System

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Mantino ◽  
Iride Volpi ◽  
Martina Micci ◽  
Giovanni Pecchioni ◽  
Simona Bosco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Yield And Quality

Agroforestry is indicated as a farming practice suited to enhance ecosystem services generated by cropping systems. However, farmers are often reluctant to implement agroforestry systems due to the potential yield loss of crops. In a field trial, soybean was intercropped with poplar short-rotation-coppice rows in an alley-cropping system with 13.5 m wide alleys, in order to assess the effect of tree presence on soybean yield and quality. The light availability (LA) was significantly affected by the tree presence, with an increasing effect along the season due to tree growth, being at its lowest in the tree–crop interface positions (West and East). Significant effects of the tree-distance and LA were registered on soybean yield, with the highest reduction of soybean yield in the West (−78%) and East (−35%) positions. Crude fat content in soybean grain did not vary among positions in the alley, while crude protein content was the lowest in the most shaded position (West −8% than the highest value). The assessment of spatial variability among plots of measured soil characteristics highlighted no significant effect of pedological conditions upon soybean yield. Thus, in our study, the LA effect was more important than soil characteristics in determining a detrimental effect of competition for resources between soybean and poplar. Conversely, soybean quality was affected by soil characteristics, since crude fat significantly correlated with soil nutrients, pH, soil organic matter and soil texture.

scholarly journals CORN-TREE PROXIMITY EFFECTS IN AGROFORESTRY EXPERIMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIANNEY REINALDO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
PAULO SÉRGIO LIMA E SILVA ◽  
PATRÍCIA LIANY DE OLIVEIRA FERNANDES SIQUEIRA ◽  
IRON MACEDO DANTAS ◽  
MARIA ZULEIDE DE NEGREIROS
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Proximity Effects ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Agroforestry Experiments

ABSTRACT In agroforestry systems, annual plants closest to trees may behave differently from plants in rows that are more distant. This study evaluated the proximity effects of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá) and Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) on corn yield under the taungya and alley cropping systems. The two species were evaluated, in randomised blocks with five replications, in 2010 and 2011, under taungya and alley cropping, respectively. Three rows of corn (left, middle, and right) were grown between two rows of trees. Sabiá trees grew higher than gliricidia trees. The difference in crown diameter between species depended on plant age. There was a linear relationship between plant age and plant height and between plant age and crown diameter for both sabiá and gliricidia trees. In the taungya system, left rows produced more green ears than middle and right rows, but grain yield was higher in middle rows. In the alley system, green ear yield was also higher in left rows than in middle and right rows, but grain yield was unaffected by row position. In both agroforestry systems, there were no differences in corn yield for corn grown between sabiá or gliricidia trees.

Above- and below-ground carbon inputs in 19-, 10- and 4-year-old Costa Rican Alley cropping systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Oelbermann ◽  
R.Paul Voroney ◽  
Donald C.L. Kass ◽  
Andrea M. Schlönvoigt
Keyword(s):  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Below Ground
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