scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents with Perinatally or Transfusion Acquired HIV Infection: Sexual Knowledge, Risk Reduction Self-efficacy and Sexual Behavior

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori S. Wiener ◽  
Haven B. Battles ◽  
Lauren V. Wood
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Kozal ◽  
K Rivet Amico ◽  
Jennifer Chiarella ◽  
Deborah Cornman ◽  
William Fisher ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Soler-Hampejsek ◽  
Monica J. Grant ◽  
Barbara S. Mensch ◽  
Paul C. Hewett ◽  
Johanna Rankin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Yeager ◽  
Charles C. Benight

BACKGROUND Worldwide, exposure to potentially traumatic events is extremely common and many will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) along with other disorders. Unfortunately, considerable barriers to treatment exist. One promising approach to overcoming treatment barriers are digital mental health interventions (DMHIs). Yet, engagement with DMHIs is a concern and theoretically based research in this area is sparse and often inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The focus of this study was on the complex issue of DMHI engagement. Based on the social cognitive theoretical (SCT), the conceptualization of engagement and a theoretically based model of predictors and outcomes were investigated using a DMHI for trauma recovery. METHODS A 6-week longitudinal study with a national sample of trauma survivors was performed that measured engagement, predictors of engagement, and mediational pathways to symptom reduction while using a trauma recovery DMHI (NT1 = 915, NT2 = 350, NT3 = 168, NT4 = 101). RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis of the engagement latent construct of duration, frequency, interest, attention, and affect produced an acceptable model fit, (χ² = 8.35, df = 2, P = .015, CFI = .973, RMSEA = .059, 90% CI = [.022, .103]. Using the latent construct, the longitudinal theoretical model demonstrated adequate model fit, CFI = .929, RMSEA = .052, 90% CI [.040, .064] and indicated that engagement self-efficacy (β = .35, P < .001) and outcome expectations (β = .37, P < .001) were significant predictors of engagement (R2 = 39%). The relationship between engagement and outcomes was mediated by both activation self-efficacy (β = .80, P < .001), and trauma coping self-efficacy (β = .40, P < .001), which predicted a reduction in PTSD symptoms (β = -.20, P = .017). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study may provide a solid foundation toward formalizing the nascent science of engagement. The engagement conceptualization consisted of general measures of attention, interest, affect, and usage that could be applied to other applications. The longitudinal research model supported two theoretically based predictors of engagement, engagement self-efficacy and outcome expectancies. Two task specific self-efficacies, activation and coping, proved to be significant mediators between engagement and symptom reduction. Taken together, this model can be applied to other DMHIs to understand engagement as well as predictors and mechanisms of action. Ultimately, this could help improve the design and development of engaging and effective trauma recovery DMHIs.


Author(s):  
Lucilande Cordeiro de Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Elizamar Regina da Rocha Mendes ◽  
Ismaelle Ávilla Vasconcelos ◽  
Emanuella Silva Joventino ◽  
Paulo César de Almeida ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 555-558
Author(s):  
Katayon Vakilian ◽  
Afsaneh Keramat

Background and Aims: Adolescence is a period of life in which high-risk behaviors, including sexual behaviors, put the adolescents at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS. This research aimed at studying the relationship between peers' perception of sexual behavior and adolescents' attitudes and self-efficacy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used a multi-stage method to examine 1500 subjects in the universities of Shahroud, Iran. The questionnaires were consisted of sexual abstinence attitude, abstinence self-efficacy and peer subjective norms. To ensure the confidentiality of information, the questionnaire was distributed among 1500 students in six universities anonymously, and students҆ field of study was not mentioned. The collected data was analyzed with descriptive (Mean, Percent) and inferential tests (independent t-test, chi2, and Spearman test) using SPSS 18 software. Results: The mean age of the females was 20.26±1.49, and that of males was 20.32±1.575. 59.3% of male students and 86.8% of female students had poor sexual abstinence to sex before marriage. Moreover, the sexual abstinence self-efficacy of 29% of male students and 13.1% of female students, regarding the sexual abstinence before marriage, was strong. Findings showed that the more one believes in his/her abilities in sexual abstinence, the more they believe that their friends will not be involved in sex Conclusion: It is required to provide the opportunities to learn and correct the socio-emotional skills required for physical and sexual health in relationships through social interactions with peers. In this context, the reproductive health programs need to be prioritized in the youth health programs and schools


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