Evidence of the Negative Effect of Sexual Minority Stigma on HIV Testing Among MSM and Transgender Women in San Salvador, El Salvador

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Andrinopoulos ◽  
John Hembling ◽  
Maria Elena Guardado ◽  
Flor de Maria Hernández ◽  
Ana Isabel Nieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Negative Effect

scholarly journals Cumulative Effects of Adding a Small Group Intervention to Social Network Testing on HIV Testing Rates Among Crack Users in San Salvador, El Salvador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Dickson-Gomez ◽  
Sergey Tarima ◽  
Laura Glasman ◽  
Wendy Cuellar ◽  
Lorena Rivas de Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Group Interventions ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crack Users

AbstractThe present study evaluates a combination prevention intervention for crack users in San Salvador, El Salvador that included social network HIV testing, community events and small group interventions. We examined the cumulative effects of the social network HIV testing and small group interventions on rates of HIV testing, beyond the increase that we saw with the introduction of the social network HIV testing intervention alone. HIV test data was converted into the number of daily tests and analyzed the immediate and overtime impact of small group interventions during and in the twelve weeks after the small group intervention. The addition of the small group interventions to the baseline of monthly HIV tests resulted in increased rates of testing lasting 7 days after the small group interventions suggesting a reinforcing effect of small group interventions on testing rates.

Estimating the Roles of Racism and Homophobia in HIV Testing Among Black Sexual Minority Men and Transgender Women With a History of Incarceration in the HPTN 061 Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Rodman Turpin ◽  
Maria Khan ◽  
Joy Scheidell ◽  
Jonathan Feelemyer ◽  
Christopher Hucks-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Black sexual minority men (BSMM) and Black transgender women (BTW) have disproportionately high HIV prevalence, making HIV testing critical for treatment and prevention. Racism and homophobia may be barriers to testing among BSMM/BTW, particularly in the context of previous incarceration. We analyzed a subsample (n = 655) of HIV-negative, previously incarcerated BSMM/BTW in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 study, generating prevalence ratios and interaction terms testing associations between experienced racism and homophobia with past-year HIV testing. Both racism (aPR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.70, 0.98]) and homophobia (aPR: 0.68, 95% CI [0.48, 0.98]) were associated with lower testing, although their interaction was associated with unexpectedly higher testing (Interaction aPR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.25, 2.49]). Among BSMM/BTW with a history of incarceration, racism and homophobia are barriers to HIV testing. Positive interactions between racism and homophobia could be explained by numerous factors (e.g., resilience, coping) and warrants further study.

scholarly journals Association of HIV Education with HIV Testing and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among US Youth, 2009–2017: Disparities Between Sexual Minority and Sexual Majority Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 898-907
Author(s):  
Gregory Phillips ◽  
David J. McCuskey ◽  
Dylan Felt ◽  
Caleb W. Curry ◽  
Megan M. Ruprecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Education

Infection Control in El Salvador: The Hospital Rosales Experience

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Marinero Càceres ◽  
Yolanda de Sotello
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Infection Control Program ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Open Wards ◽  
Partial Correction

AbstractWe describe circumstances at the Hospital Rosales, located in San Salvador, El Salvador, and some salient observations from an infection control program begun in 1978. Findings include overuse of antibiotics, especially of penicillin and chloramphenicol; a predominance of gram-negative rod infections, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa; a relative infrequency of Staphylococcus aureus infections; an apparent doubling of the mean duration of hospitalization for patients with nosocomial infections compared with other patients (22.1 days versus 11.0 days); documentation and partial correction of deficiencies in aseptic and antiseptic practices; an outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis traced to the hospital's factory for the manufacturing of intravenous fluids; and attitudinal problems such as the care of patients with rabies on open wards. Prevalence surveys conducted during 1981 and 1986 suggest a dramatic increase in the recent incidence of surgical wound infection (44% v 28%, P < 0.001). This latter observation suggests a direct relationship between infection rates and the hardships imposed by poverty and civil war.

scholarly journals An urgent need for HIV testing among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Bamako, Mali: Low awareness of HIV infection and viral suppression among those living with HIV

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0207363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi J. Hakim ◽  
Kelsey Coy ◽  
Padmaja Patnaik ◽  
Nouhoum Telly ◽  
Tako Ballo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Presencia de plaguicidas organoclorados en sangre, El Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfredo Roberto Belteton Martinez ◽  
Carlos Hernández-Ávila ◽  
Elías Argueta ◽  
Susana Suarez Tamayo ◽  
Manuel Romero Pláceres
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
San Salvador

Resumen Introducción. Los plaguicidas organoclorados fueron utilizados en campañas de salud pública y en prácticas agrícolas Su uso fue prohibido al detectarse residuos tóxicos en tejidos grasos de animales y personas y su persistencia en el ambiente. En El Salvador aún se utilizan, comercializan y almacenan algunos de estos plaguicidas. Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de plaguicidas organoclorados en muestras sanguíneas, almacenadas en la seroteca del Laboratorio Nacional de Salud Pública. Metodología. Estudio transversal de las muestras almacenadas en la seroteca en el periodo de enero a octubre de 2018, analizadas a través del método de cromatografía de gases con detector de microcaptura de electrones. Resultados. Se identificó presencia de plaguicidas organoclorados en 33 muestras (34%); de las cuales 28 se detectaron en hombres. De las muestras positivas 27 eran personas mayores de 29 años. En los departamentos de La Libertad (7) y San Salvador (6) se identificó mayor cantidad de muestras positivas a plaguicidas para el Dichloro diphenyl dichloroethane y el Lindano. Conclusiones: Se identificó presencia de algunos plaguicidas organoclorados en las muestras de la seroteca del Laboratorio Nacional de Salud Pública, lo que da indicios de la exposición de la población a plaguicidas en el medio ambiente, agua y/o alimentos.

scholarly journals Validation of Brief Condom Use Attitudes Scales For Spanish Speaking People-who-use-drugs in El Salvador

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Beachy ◽  
Julia Lechuga ◽  
Julia Dickson-Gomez ◽  
Chris Liang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Short Form ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Adequate Reliability

Abstract Background People-who-use-drugs (PWUDs) are a population severely impacted by a concentrated epidemic of HIV. Behavioral interventions to prevent and treat HIV among PWUDs have been implemented around the world including in low- and middle-income countries which have been disproportionately affected by HIV. However, few studies have been conducted with PWUDs to assess the validity and psychometric properties of measures that assess intervention effectiveness. Furthermore, there are very few measures that have been validated on transnational populations as most research interventions have utilized U.S. samples. Methods Our sample was comprised of 1,324 PWUDs, Spanish monolingual speakers, residing in the metropolitan area of San Salvador, El Salvador. Exploratory factor analysis and subsequent confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and Amos were conducted on three abbreviated and translated condom use attitude measures (i.e., Condom Use Attitudes Scale – Spanish Short Form, Condom Use Social Norms – Spanish Short Form, Condom Use Self-Efficacy – Spanish Short Form). Convergent validity was examined using bivariate correlational analysis with actual condom use and STI infections. Results Results indicated that the two-factor, 8-item correlated model for the CUAS-SSF scale had an excellent fit with an adequate reliability (α = .764). The confirmatory factor analysis for the 5-item, CUSN-SSF scale indicated a satisfactory fit with 3 of 6 fit indices indicating adequate fit. Analysis of the two-factor, 5-item CUSE-SSF scale indicated satisfactory fit with an adequate reliability (α = .844). Bivariate analysis indicated correlations between all measures and with self-reported condom use. Conclusions Results indicated that these brief measures are valid and reliable and can be utilized to assess the effectiveness of HIV risk reduction interventions among Spanish speaking PWUDs.

scholarly journals El Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (84) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Data Series ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
The City

A Technical Assistance (TA) Mission from the Regional Technical Assistance Center for Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic, visited the city of San Salvador, El Salvador, on August 13–24, 2018, to provide TA to the Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador (BCRES) on compiling annual accounts by institutional sectors (AAIS) from 2014 onwards, as part of the data series from the base year of 2005. In March 2018, the BCRES published a dataset of quarterly and annual national accounts series by economic activity; a monthly volume indicator; backcasted series from 1990–2014; and Supply and Use Tables (SUT) from 2005 and 2014, with a base year of 2005. As part of the dataset to be prepared and disseminated in the new 2005 base year, the authorities requested TA to compile annual accounts focusing on institutional sectors starting in 2014.

scholarly journals ¿Qué más cuenta Centroamérica? Relatos de Vanessa Núñez y Alberto Sánchez Argüello

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Laura Fuentes Belgrave
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Sergio Ramirez

En la actualidad, el festival literario Centroamérica Cuenta tiene en su haber seis ediciones realizadas desde 2013. Esta iniciativa internacional, coordinada por el escritor nicaragüense Sergio Ramírez, año con año ha forjado un espacio de intercambio y reflexión para la narrativa centroamericana, proyectando las identidades, literaturas y realidades de la región a diversas zonas del orbe. Desde su inicio, el festival ha contado con la participación de más de 500 escritores del istmo, entre los cuales se encuentran la salvadoreña Vanessa Núñez y el nicaragüense Alberto Sánchez Argüello, representantes de una nueva generación centroamericana de narradores. En el caso de la escritora Vanesa Núñez (1973, San Salvador), también abogada, docente y editora, incluimos un cuento inédito; “La familia”, de carácter amargo y afilado en su desenlace, como las vidas de muchas personas centroamericanas. Núñez ha publicado los libros: Los locos mueren de viejos (FyG Editores, 2008 y La Pereza, 2015), Dios tenía miedo (FyG Editores, 2011 y Editorial Piedrasanta, 2016), La caja de cuentos (libro objeto) (Alas de Barrilete, 2015), Espejos (Uruk Editores, 2015), Animales Interiores (en coautoría con Frida Larios, 2015), así como varios relatos en diversas antologías y revistas de España, Francia, Alemania, Suiza, Estados Unidos, Colombia, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala y México. Su obra ha sido igualmente traducida al francés, alemán e inglés. En cuanto al narrador Alberto Sánchez Argüello (1976, Managua), también psicólogo, ilustrador y reconocido tuitero (de la aplicación Twitter), quien ha creado varios libros de micro-relatos a partir de tuits entrelazados (Parafernalia Ediciones Digitales), publicamos el micro-cuento “La estatua”. El relato se encuentra en diálogo con el cuento de Núñez, a partir de una visión cruda de los mandatos patriarcales imperantes en nuestras sociedades. Sánchez se ha enfocado en literatura juvenil e infantil, con la publicación de las siguientes obras: La casa del agua (Fondo Editorial Libros para niños, 2003), Mi amigo el dragón (Fondo Editorial Libros para niños, 2014), Los Monstruos bajo la cama (Loqueleo Santillana, 2016), Chico Largo y Charco Verde (Loqueleo Santillana, 2017) e Ítaca (Fondo Editorial Libros para niños, 2017). Su obra se ha publicado en antologías en Nicaragua, México, España, El Salvador, Bolivia, Chile y Perú. Algunos de sus cuentos están traducidos al inglés, portugués, italiano, alemán y vietnamita.

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