The role of native vegetation on infection rates of Calacarus heveae (Acari: Eriophyidae) by Hirsutella thompsonii (Ascomycota: Ophiocordycipitaceae)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Micali Nuvoloni ◽  
Elizeu Barbosa de Castro ◽  
Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres
Keyword(s):  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Hirsutella Thompsonii

scholarly journals Prospective Analysis of Hand Infection Rates in Elective Soft Tissue Procedures of the Hand: The Role of Preoperative Antibiotics

Hand ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 155894471984223
Author(s):  
Henrik C. Bäcker ◽  
Christina E. Freibott ◽  
Danielle Wilbur ◽  
Peter Tang ◽  
Richard Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Hand Infection ◽  
Preoperative Antibiotics

The role of spore morphology in horizontal transmission of a microsporidium of Daphnia

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 1452-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Urca ◽  
Frida Ben-Ami
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Parasite Isolate ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Host Clone

AbstractThe microsporidian parasite Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis can infect Daphnia magna both horizontally (through environmental spores) and vertically (through parthenogenetic and sexually produced eggs). The spores of H. tvaerminnensis come in three distinguishable morphologies, which are thought to have different roles in the transmission of the parasite. In this study, we examined the role of the two most common spore morphologies (i.e. oval-shaped spores and pear-shaped spores) in horizontal transmission of H. tvaerminnensis. To this end, we infected hosts with solutions consisting of either mostly oval- or mostly pear-shaped spores, and quantified infection rates, parasite-induced host mortality and mean number of parasite spores produced per host. We found that spore morphology by itself did not influence infection rates and parasite-induced host mortality. Instead, host clone and parasite isolate interacted with spore morphology in shaping infection outcome and mortality. Thus, there appear to be strong genotype-by-genotype (G × G) interactions in this system. While there is no dispute that H. tvaerminnensis can transmit both vertically and horizontally, our findings do not support theoretical predictions that different spore morphologies hold different roles in horizontal transmission of H. tvaerminnensis.

The role of squatters in retention of native vegetation: A case study of the Chyulu Hills, Kenya

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Muriuki ◽  
Clive McAlpine ◽  
Leonie Seabrook ◽  
Greg Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Native Vegetation

Infection Rates After Microlaryngeal and Open Phonosurgery: The Role of Postoperative Antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Roof ◽  
Rocco M. Ferrandino ◽  
Dillan F. Villavisanis ◽  
Michael V. Amato ◽  
Benjamin J. Rubinstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rates

scholarly journals The role of lambs in louping-ill virus amplification

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. LAURENSON ◽  
R. NORMAN ◽  
H. W. REID ◽  
I. POW ◽  
D. NEWBORN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Colostral Antibody

In some areas of Scotland, the prevalence of louping-ill virus has not decreased despite the vaccination of replacement ewes for over 30 years. The role of unvaccinated lambs in viral persistence was examined through a combination of an empirical study of infection rates of lambs and mathematical modelling. Serological sampling revealed that most lambs were protected by colostral immunity at turnout in May/June but were fully susceptible by the end of September. Between 8 and 83% of lambs were infected over the first season, with seroconversion rates greater in late rather than early summer. The proportion of lambs that could have amplified the louping-ill virus was low, however, because high initial titres of colostral antibody on farms with a high force of infection gave protection for several months. A simple mathematical model suggested that the relationship between the force of infection and the percentage of lambs that became viraemic was not linear and that the maximum percentage of viraemic lambs occurred at moderately high infection rates. Examination of the conditions required for louping-ill persistence suggested that the virus could theoretically persist in a sheep flock with over 370 lambs, if the grazing season was longer than 130 days. In practice, however, lamb viraemia is not a general explanation for louping-ill virus persistence as these conditions are not met in most management systems and because the widespread use of acaracides in most tick-affected hill farming systems reduces the number of ticks feeding successfully.

scholarly journals Boda-boda, Youth Employment and Globalisation in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Charles Amone
Keyword(s):  
Skills Training ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Business Skills ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Transport Industry

Formerly shunned due its notoriety for facilitating illicit trade and transporting criminals across Uganda’s international borders, the boda-boda transport industry gained fame in recent years and has become the second largest employer of youths all over Uganda, after agriculture. Recent scholarship on the bodaboda industry has however, concentrated on the risks embedded in it including high infection rates of HIV among the drivers and the daily accidents reported. Little attention has been paid to the contribution of the industry in youth employment. This paper discusses the role of boda-boda transport industry in solving the problem of unemployment among the youths in Uganda. The author interviewed seventeen boda-boda drivers in Uganda and thirty-four of their family members to establish how this transport business has impacted on employment opportunities, financial independence and globalisation of youths. The study revealed that whereas many youths have dropped out of school to take up the boda-boda business, profits of this trade have facilitated the education of some young people in Uganda and enabled them to globally connect with youths across the globe. The study recommends sensitisation, business skills training as well as adult and distant education opportunities for the youthful motorcycle drivers

scholarly journals Reappraising Elements of the Aseptic Technique in Dermatology: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. e2020126
Author(s):  
Samiya Khan ◽  
Terri Shih ◽  
Shawn Shih ◽  
Amor Khachemoune
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Aseptic Technique ◽  
Mohs Surgery ◽  
Outpatient Procedures ◽  
Skin Antisepsis

Dermatologic procedures are performed under varying degrees of antisepsis, and no clear guidelines exist regarding the role of the aseptic technique in dermatology. This review aims to clarify the terminology surrounding surgical asepsis and examines the importance of various components of the aseptic technique in cutaneous surgery. Included are studies examining optimal glove type, surgical instruments, skin antisepsis, and cost-reducing protocols. Our review highlights that most dermatology procedures are not performed under completely sterile conditions due to the lack of environmental and foot traffic controls in dermatology offices. In addition, for some outpatient procedures, such as for minor excisions and Mohs surgery before reconstruction, elements of the clean technique can be used without increasing infection rates. However, data on the feasibility of a clean protocol for Mohs reconstruction is conflicting. Future prospective, randomized trials analyzing various components of the aseptic technique in dermatology are greatly needed so that guidelines can be established for practicing dermatologists.

scholarly journals The Enigmatic Functional Role of Thymus Gland in Fighting Against SARS- CoV- 2 and COVID- 19 - Literature Review: الدور الوظيفي الغامض للغدة الثايموسية في مجابهة كل من كوفيد- 19 وسارس كوف- 2- مراجعة أدبية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman AL- Ruwishan, Basma Nasr, Yaser Gamallat, Kassem Maher
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Discriminative Behavior ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
Thymosin Alpha 1 ◽  
Low Exposure

Background and Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) caused a world pandemic, spreading rampantly throughout the world. Although people of all ages were infected, there was an obvious partiality in terms of the disease severity follow infection in children patients’ group of age. Consequently, in order to achieve a better understanding of the discriminative behavior of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV- 2) aggressiveness throughout all different groups of age, thus, the main potential aims of this review were not only to give a new impetus toward the unintentional omission of the effective immune role of the thymus gland in children on tackling COVID- 19, but also to discuss the potential possibility of thymosin replacement therapy utilization in the form of thymosin alpha 1, as a key booster in fighting against COVID- 19. Method: A literature search of COVID- 19 and SARS- CoV2 related published articles and literatures using science search engines encompassing PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. Results: The main result of this review had exhibited low possibility of SARS- CoV- 2 infection, far less reported lymphopenia as well as low exposure rate to opportunistic complications of COVID- 19 in children, compared to adults and elderly individuals. Therefore, this discrepancies in infection rates and laboratory findings may potentially indicate the paramount importance of fully functioned thymus gland in fighting against SARS- CoV- 2 infection in children. Conclusion and Recommendations: COVID- 19 remains a global dilemma causing massive devastation on all aspects of social and economic life. Due to the discriminative behavior of SARS- CoV- 2 aggressiveness throughout all different groups of age detected through this literature review. Hence, more research and clinical trials on thymosin alpha- 1 efficacy are needed in order to understand the possible role of the thymus gland in protecting against SARS- CoV- 2 infection and minimizing COVID- 19 symptoms and complications.

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