The Enigmatic Functional Role of Thymus Gland in Fighting Against SARS- CoV- 2 and COVID- 19 - Literature Review: الدور الوظيفي الغامض للغدة الثايموسية في مجابهة كل من كوفيد- 19 وسارس كوف- 2- مراجعة أدبية

Background and Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) caused a world pandemic, spreading rampantly throughout the world. Although people of all ages were infected, there was an obvious partiality in terms of the disease severity follow infection in children patients’ group of age. Consequently, in order to achieve a better understanding of the discriminative behavior of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV- 2) aggressiveness throughout all different groups of age, thus, the main potential aims of this review were not only to give a new impetus toward the unintentional omission of the effective immune role of the thymus gland in children on tackling COVID- 19, but also to discuss the potential possibility of thymosin replacement therapy utilization in the form of thymosin alpha 1, as a key booster in fighting against COVID- 19. Method: A literature search of COVID- 19 and SARS- CoV2 related published articles and literatures using science search engines encompassing PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. Results: The main result of this review had exhibited low possibility of SARS- CoV- 2 infection, far less reported lymphopenia as well as low exposure rate to opportunistic complications of COVID- 19 in children, compared to adults and elderly individuals. Therefore, this discrepancies in infection rates and laboratory findings may potentially indicate the paramount importance of fully functioned thymus gland in fighting against SARS- CoV- 2 infection in children. Conclusion and Recommendations: COVID- 19 remains a global dilemma causing massive devastation on all aspects of social and economic life. Due to the discriminative behavior of SARS- CoV- 2 aggressiveness throughout all different groups of age detected through this literature review. Hence, more research and clinical trials on thymosin alpha- 1 efficacy are needed in order to understand the possible role of the thymus gland in protecting against SARS- CoV- 2 infection and minimizing COVID- 19 symptoms and complications.

Mothers Role and Perception in Developing Gender Discrimination

This study of the role and perception of mothers in developing gender discrimination is focused on analyzing mother's role, as their role in developing child personality and social behavior is proved by the researches. Present research is a mixed method research, mothers were the population , a total 183 mothers were selected, data was collected through questionnaire and 16 mothers were selected for personal interview through purposive and random sampling .Validity was ascertained through expert opinion and reliability through Cronbach alpha .Results indicated that mothers from rural and urban areas of Sindh Pakistan have almost similar and very obvious discriminative behavior for daughters and sons mother do not realized implications of their behavior and they presents many arguments to justify their gender discriminative behavior. We concluded that awareness of the consequences of their behavior and education should be emphasized to change discriminative behavior for minimizing gender gap.

Behavior of Organic Compounds with Different Functional Groups based on Surface Tension, Ramsey-Shields-EÖTVÖS Constants (k), Order of Association (x) and Trouton’s Rule

Hydrocarbons and organic compounds having different functional groups with hetero atoms have shown a discriminative behavior toward surface tension, EÖTVÖS constants (k), order of association (x) and Trouton’s rule. This was explained in terms of associative and non-associative behavior of these compounds.

Effect of Job Status, Gender, and Employees’ Achievement Motivation Behavior on Work Performance: a Case Study of Selected Local Government Employees in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This study investigated the effect of job status, gender, and employees’ achievement motivation behavior on work performance. Two hundred and seven (207) local government employees’ opinions were sampled using the achievement motivation questionnaire and the perceived work performance questionnaire. Seven hypotheses were developed and tested using 2 x 2 x 3 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics. Results confirmed that job status [F (2,206) =5.05, p05]. A significant interaction effect of gender and job status; gender and level of achievement motivation behavior; and job status and level of achievement motivation behavior were also found on work performance. However, there was no significant interaction effect that existed between gender, job status, and the level of achievement motivation behavior on work performance [F(2,206)=.217, p>.05]. Findings were discussed in the light of available literature and it is recommended that efforts should be made to discourage discriminative behavior among sexes while also closing gaps in level managers’ hierarchies and categorizations. This is particularly in terms of derivable incentives, benefits, and pay on their jobs to have a significant impact on the work performance of employees.