scholarly journals Using an in vitro system for maintaining Varroa destructor mites on Apis mellifera pupae as hosts: studies of mite longevity and feeding behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noble I. Egekwu ◽  
Francisco Posada ◽  
Daniel E. Sonenshine ◽  
Steven Cook
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
In Vitro System

scholarly journals A Virulent Strain of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) of Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Prevails after Varroa destructor-Mediated, or In Vitro, Transmission

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e1004230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene V. Ryabov ◽  
Graham R. Wood ◽  
Jessica M. Fannon ◽  
Jonathan D. Moore ◽  
James C. Bull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus

scholarly journals New bioassay cage methodology for in vitro studies on Varroa destructor and Apis mellifera

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250594
Author(s):  
Rassol Bahreini ◽  
Medhat Nasr ◽  
Cassandra Docherty ◽  
David Feindel ◽  
Samantha Muirhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Chemical Screening

Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, is an ectoparasitic mite of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., that has been considered a major cause of colony losses. Synthetic miticides have been developed and registered to manage this ectoparasite, however, resistance to registered pyrethroid and organophosphate Varroacides have already been reported in Canada. To test toxicity of miticides, current contact-based bioassay methods are designed to evaluate mites and bees separately, however, these methods are unlikely to give an accurate depiction of how miticides interact at the colony level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a bioassay cage for testing the toxicity of miticides on honey bees and Varroa mites simultaneously using amitraz as a reference chemical. A 800 mL polypropylene plastic cage holding 100–150 bees was designed and officially named “Apiarium”. A comparison of the effects of three subsequent dilutions of amitraz was conducted on: Varroa mites placed in glass vials, honey bees in glass Mason jars, and Varroa-infested bees in Apiariums. Our results indicated cumulative Varroa mortality was dose-dependent in the Apiarium after 4 h and 24 h assessments. Apiarium and glass vial treatments at 24 h also had high mite mortality and a positive polynomial regression between Varroa mortality and amitraz dose rates. Moreover, chemical application in the Apiarium was less toxic for bees compared to the Mason jar method. Considering these results, the Apiarium bioassay provides a simple, cheap and reliable method for simultaneous chemical screening on V. destructor and A. mellifera. Furthermore, as mites and bees are tested together, the Apiarium simulates a colony-like environment that provides a necessary bridge between laboratory bioassay testing and full field experimentation. The versatility of the Apiarium allows researchers to test a multitude of different honey bee bioassay experiments including miticide screening, delivery methods for chemical products, or development of new mite resistance-testing methodology.

scholarly journals Avaliação in vitro da eficácia do óleo essencial do alecrim pimenta (Lippia sidoides) no combate a varroase em Apis mellifera L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
S. B. L. C. Moreira ◽  
M. O. Guimarães-Brasil ◽  
J. P. Holanda-Neto ◽  
M. C M. Souza ◽  
E. A. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Lippia Sidoides ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Wide Mouth

<p>O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de análise <em>in vitro</em>, o potencial acaricida do óleo essencial extraído de folhas da planta do alecrim pimenta (<em>Lippia sidoides</em>) na mortalidade de <em>Apis mellifera </em>e do ácaro <em>Varroa destructor</em>, parasita destas abelhas. A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada através o método de SOXHLET. Os ácaros foram retirados com auxílio de uma pinça de células de zangões infestadas, enquanto que as abelhas foram coletadas em recipientes de boca larga nos quadros do ninho das colmeias, ambos provenientes do apiário do IFRN. Os ácaros foram transferidos para uma placa de petri e as abelhas para gaiolas de observação, ambos contendo em seu interior uma esponja com área média de 1cm<sup>2</sup> contendo os volumes T<sub>0</sub> 0μL, T<sub>1</sub> 100μL e T<sub>2</sub> 200μL de óleos essenciais, sendo cada volume um ensaio. As abelhas e os ácaros foram observados por seis horas para a quantificação da mortalidade em função dos tratamentos utilizados. As quantidades de volumes não influenciaram na mortalidade do hospedeiro e do parasita, mesmo assim apresentou uma morte gradual do ácaro, que variou de 5,69±2,21 a 19,90±3,10, correspondente ao T<sub>0</sub> e T<sub>2</sub>, respectivamente. A <em>A. mellifera </em>apresentou uma variação de 0,00±0,00 a 2,03±1,41, correspondente ao T<sub>0</sub> e T<sub>1</sub>. Ademais, ao colocarmos em confronto, mesmo não havendo relação à morte de ambos com os volumes (Chi² = 2,03; p = 0,329; gl = 2), podemos observar que o óleo essencial de alecrim pimenta pode ser uma viável estratégia no controle a disseminação do ectoparasita.</p><p><strong><em>In vitro evaluation of essential oil effectiveness of Alecrim Pimenta (Lippia sidoides) in against varroase on Apis mellifera </em></strong><strong>L. </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The aim of this study was at evaluating the acaricide potential of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Rosemary Pepper   (<em>Lippia sidoides</em>)  concerned to the mortality of the  bees <em>Apis mellifera  </em>and the mite <em>Varroa destructor ,</em> parasite of such bees, through the analysis <em>in vitro</em> . The extraction of the essential oil was accomplished through the method known as SOXHLET. The mites were removed with tweezers infested with drone cells, while the bees were placed in wide-mouth containers in the nest hives, both from the apiary of the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte. The mites were transferred to a petri dish and the bees for observation cages, both containing a sponge inside with the average area of 1cm<sup>2</sup> containing the volumes T<sub>0</sub> 0μL, T<sub>1</sub> 100μL and T<sub>2</sub> 200μL of essential oils, and each volume an essay. The mites and bees were observed for six hours for the quantification of mortality in relation to the treatments used. The quantities of volumes did not affect the mortality of the host and the parasite, still presented a gradual death mite, which variated from 5,69±2,21 to 19,90±3,10, related to T<sub>0</sub> and T<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The <em>Apis mellifera</em> showed a variation from 0,00±0,00 to 2,03±1,41, related to T<sub>0</sub> and T<sub>1</sub>. Besides, putting into confrontation, even without regard to the death of both the volumes (Chi² = 2,03; p = 0,329; gl = 2), we can see that the essential oil of rosemary pepper can be a viable strategy to control the spread of ectoparasites.</p>

scholarly journals In vitro susceptibility of Varroa destructor and Apis mellifera to native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis

Apidologie ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Vianey Alquisira-Ramírez ◽  
José Roberto Paredes-Gonzalez ◽  
Víctor Manuel Hernández-Velázquez ◽  
José Augusto Ramírez-Trujillo ◽  
Guadalupe Peña-Chora
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Native Strains

In Vitro Assay of Platelet Adhesiveness with Washed and Tanned Human Red Cells

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Zbinden ◽  
S Tomlin
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Human Red Cells

SummaryAn in vitro system is described in which adhesion of blood platelets to washed and tannic acid-treated red cells was assayed quantitatively by microscopic observation. ADP, epinephrine and TAME produced a reversible increase in platelet adhesiveness which was antagonized by AMP. With Evans blue, polyanetholsulfonate, phthalanilide NSC 38280, thrombin and heparin at concentrations above 1-4 u/ml the increase was irreversible. The ADP-induced increase in adhesiveness was inhibited by sodium citrate, EDTA, AMP, ATP and N-ethylmaleimide. EDTA, AMP and the SH-blocker N-ethylmaleimide also reduced spontaneous platelet adhesion to red cells. No significant effects were observed with adenosine, phenprocoumon, 5-HT, phthalanilide NSC 57155, various estrogens, progestogens and fatty acids, acetylsalicylic acid and similarly acting agents, hydroxylamine, glucose and KCN. The method may be useful for the screening of thrombogenic and antithrombotic properties of drugs.

The Mesothelial Cell as a Non-Thrombogenic Surface

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Nicholson ◽  
J M F Clarke ◽  
R M Pittilo ◽  
S J Machin ◽  
N Woolf
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryA technique for harvesting mesothelial cells is described. This entails collagenase digestion of omentum after which the cells can be cultured. The technique has been developed using the rat, but has also been successfully applied to human tissue. Cultured rat mesothelial cells obtained in this way have been examined by scanning electron microscopy. Rat mesothelial cells grown on plastic film have been exposed to blood in an in vitro system using a Baumgartner chamber and have been demonstrated to support blood flow. No adhering platelets were observed on the mesothelial cell surface. Fibroblasts similarily exposed to blood as a control were washed off the plastic.

УГРОЗЫ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ВИРУСНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ У ПЧЕЛ (Apis mellifera L.) И РОЛЬ КЛЕЩА Varroa destructor В РАЗВИТИИ ПАТОЛОГИЙ

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
А.В. СПРЫГИН ◽  
◽  
Ю.Ю. БАБИН ◽  
Е.М. ХАНБЕКОВА ◽  
Л.Е. РУБЦОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Varroa Destructor
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