scholarly journals Assemblages of Acari in shallow burials: mites as markers of the burial environment, of the stage of decay and of body-cadaver regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jas K. Rai ◽  
Brian J. Pickles ◽  
M. Alejandra Perotti
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Stage Analysis

AbstractThe burial of a cadaver results in reduced arthropod activity and disruptions in colonisation patterns. Here, the distribution and diversity of mite taxa was studied across decomposition stages of shallowly buried pig carcasses (Sus scrofa domesticus). In total 300 mites (88 species) were collected from three pig shallow graves compared to 129 mites (46 species) from control (bare) soil samples at the same depth. A successional pattern of Acari higher taxa and families was observed, and species richness and biodiversity fluctuated throughout decomposition, whereas active decay showed the greatest biodiversity. Mesostigmata mites were the most abundant in ‘cadaver soils’ with a significant difference in the abundance of Parasitidae mites, whereas Oribatida mites (true soil mites) were the most abundant in control soils. Certain mite species were significantly associated with decay stages: Cornigamasus lunaris with ‘bloated’, Gamasodes spiniger with ‘active’, Eugamasus sp. and Lorryia reticulata with ‘advanced’, and Macrocheles matrius and Ramusella clavipectinata in ‘dry’. Scheloribates laevigatus was a marker of bare soil at a shallow depth and Vulgoramasus remberti of buried decomposition, not specific to any decay stage. Analysis of mite assemblages associated with head, torso and posterior body showed that Parasitus evertsi and M. matrius are attracted to beneath the thighs, whereas L. reticulata to beneath the head. This study highlights the value of mites as indicator species of decomposition and its stages, confirming (1) a succession of Acari on buried remains and (2) species specificity to body regions.

scholarly journals Research on the Distribution of Coronary Arteries in Pig (Sus Scrofa Domesticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Gavrilă ZAGRAI ◽  
Cristian Romeo BELU ◽  
Iulian DUMITRESCU ◽  
Ștefania Mariana RAITA ◽  
Mădălina DOBRILĂ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus ◽  
Pig Carcasses

Pigs are some of the most widely used experimental models, an advantage being the characteristics of homeostasis and many morphological features comparable to those in humans. For this reason, we addressed this topic in this paper, with the major objective of completing the data and even identifying some features not described in the literature. The present study was performed on 20 pig carcasses, with different weights and ages (2-4 months). The aim was to highlight some peculiarities regarding the coronary artery system in this species, using as a method the injection of vessels with contrasting plastic material. The collaterals and terminals of the coronary arteries, their distribution territories as well as the identified individual variants were described. As a general conclusion, regardless of the polymorphism in all dissected cases, the left coronary artery was the dominant artery, there being no exception from the data known in the literature.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the Primary Motor Cortex of Newborn to Adult Domestic Pig Sus scrofa domesticus

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2019
Author(s):  
Salvatore Desantis ◽  
Serena Minervini ◽  
Lorenzo Zallocco ◽  
Bruno Cozzi ◽  
Andrea Pirone
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

The pig has been increasingly used as a suitable animal model in translational neuroscience. However, several features of the fast-growing, immediately motor-competent cerebral cortex of this species have been adequately described. This study analyzes the cytoarchitecture of the primary motor cortex (M1) of newborn, young and adult pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus). Moreover, we investigated the distribution of the neural cells expressing the calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) (calretinin, CR; parvalbumin, PV) throughout M1. The primary motor cortex of newborn piglets was characterized by a dense neuronal arrangement that made the discrimination of the cell layers difficult, except for layer one. The absence of a clearly recognizable layer four, typical of the agranular cortex, was noted in young and adult pigs. The morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses revealed age-associated changes characterized by (1) thickness increase and neuronal density (number of cells/mm2 of M1) reduction during the first year of life; (2) morphological changes of CR-immunoreactive neurons in the first months of life; (3) higher density of CR- and PV-immunopositive neurons in newborns when compared to young and adult pigs. Since most of the present findings match with those of the human M1, this study strengthens the growing evidence that the brain of the pig can be used as a potentially valuable translational animal model during growth and development.

scholarly journals Myorelaxant Effect of the Dysphania ambrosioides Essential Oil on Sus scrofa domesticus Coronary Artery and Its Toxicity in the Drosophila melanogaster Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2041
Author(s):  
Luiz Jardelino de Lacerda Neto ◽  
Andreza Guedes Barbosa Ramos ◽  
Renata Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Luís Pereira-de-Morais ◽  
Fernanda Maria Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Purpose: Alternative methods for the use of animals in research have gained increasing importance, due to assessments evaluating the real need for their use and the development of legislation that regulates the subject. The principle of the 3R’s (replacement, reduction and refinement) has been an important reference, such that in vitro, ex vivo and cord replacement methods have achieved a prominent place in research. Methods: Therefore, due to successful results from studies developed with these methods, the present study aimed to evaluate the myorelaxant effect of the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil (EODa) using a Sus scrofa domesticus coronary artery model, and the toxicity of both the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil and its major constituent, α-terpinene, against Drosophila melanogaster in toxicity and negative geotaxis assays. Results: The EODa relaxed the smooth muscle of swine coronary arteries precontracted with K+ and 5-HT in assays using Sus scrofa domesticus coronary arteries. The toxicity results presented LC50 values of 1.546 mg/mL and 2.282 mg/mL for the EODa and α-terpinene, respectively, thus showing the EODa and α-terpinene presented toxicity to these dipterans, with the EODa being more toxic. Conclusions: Moreover, the results reveal the possibility of using the EODa in vascular disease studies since it promoted the relaxation of the Sus scrofa domesticus coronary smooth muscle.

Dental Pathology of the Domestic Pig (Sus Scrofa Domesticus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 089875642198909
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Smith ◽  
Sangeeta Rao ◽  
Jennifer E. Rawlinson
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Oral Examination ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Dental Pathology ◽  
Open Apices ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Antemortem domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) dental pathology literature is sparse. This observational descriptive study evaluated 23 client-owned pigs that while sedated/anesthetized for routine annual care had intraoral dental radiographs and an oral examination performed. Age, gender, weight, and breed for each pig were recorded. Oral examination and radiographic findings were reviewed to create a comprehensive list of dental abnormalities identified. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the data. The study population included 14 castrated males and 20 Vietnamese pot-bellied mini-pigs. The median age was 3 years (range 2-12 years), and the median weight was 39 kg (range 11-140 kg). The most common finding was missing teeth (21/23 pigs); the first premolar tooth was the most likely to be absent (64/106 missing teeth). Periodontal disease was common (20/23 pigs). Advanced stages primarily affected the first molar teeth frequently in the form of a mucogingival defect. Supernumerary roots were discovered on the maxillary canine teeth in female pigs only (10/25 teeth with supernumerary roots). The most common persistent deciduous tooth was the maxillary second incisor (15/19 persistent deciduous teeth). Non-age or gender related open apices were most likely associated with mandibular first and second incisor teeth (26/96 teeth with open apices). Tooth resorption was also identified (7/23 pigs). The study findings prove that pet pigs commonly have dental pathology; therefore, thorough oral examinations with intraoral radiographs should be included in porcine routine health care regimens.

Η μελέτη της επίδρασης της αιμορραγικής καταπληξίας στο ηπατικό παρέγχυμα σε χοίρεια πειραματικά μοντέλα

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αναστάσιος Μυλωνάς
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

ΥΠΟΘΕΣΗ: Η βλάβη ισχαιμίας – επαναιμάτωσης που προκαλείται από σοβαρή αιμορραγική καταπληξία και την ανάνηψη που ακολουθεί, οδηγεί σε διαταραχή της ομοιόστασης του ήπατος και πιθανόν σε ηπατική ανεπάρκεια. Η παρούσα πειραματική μελέτη εστιάζει στο να διευκρινίσει εάν υπάρχει διαφορετική βιολογική απάντηση στο αιμορραγικό σοκ η οποία να εξαρτάται από την πηγή της αιμορραγίας : ηπατική αιμορραγία συγκριτικά με περιφερική αιμορραγία. ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ : Εικοσιένας αρσενικοί χοίροι του είδους Sus Scrofa Domesticus κατανεμήθηκαν τυχαία σε τρεις ομάδες : ομάδα ελέγχου (Α, ν=5), ομάδα κεντρικής φλεβικής αιμορραγίας (Β1, ν=8), ομάδα ηπατικής αιμορραγίας (C1, ν=8). Πραγματοποιήθηκε εκτομή του αριστερού ηπατικού λοβού στις ομάδες της κεντρικής φλεβικής αιμορραγίας και της ηπατικής αιμορραγίας και τα πειραματόζωα αφέθηκαν να αιμορραγήσουν ελεγχόμενα από την έσω σφαγίτιδα φλέβα και την τραυματική επιφάνεια του ήπατος αντίστοιχα. Μετά από 10 λεπτά αιμορραγίας, διατηρήθηκε κατάσταση αιμορραγικής καταπληξίας για 30 λεπτά σε επίπεδα μέσης αρτηριακής πίεσης 30-40 mmHg και στη συνέχεια ξεκίνησε ανάνηψη με κρυσταλλοειδή και κολλοειδή ενδοφλέβια υγρά. Οι αιμοδυναμικές παράμετροι παρακολουθήθηκαν και καταγράφηκαν στη διάρκεια των έξι ωρών του πειράματος. Δείγματα αίματος ελήφθησαν σε προκαθορισμένα χρονικά σημεία (0, 40, 360) και δείγμα ηπατικού ιστού ελήφθη στο τέλος του πειράματος για εκτίμηση δεικτών οξειδωτικού stress και της αναγεννητικής ικανότητας ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ : Ενώ η ποσότητα του αίματος που χάθηκε ήταν παρόμοια για τις δύο ομάδες της αιμορραγίας, η ποσότητα των ενδοφλέβιων υγρών που χρειάστηκε για ανάνηψη ήταν μεγαλύτερη στην ομάδα της ηπατικής αιμορραγίας. Η φλεγμονώδης απάντηση, όπως μετρήθηκε από τα επίπεδα της IL-6, βρέθηκε μεγαλύτερη στην ομάδα C1. Οι δείκτες οξειδωτικού stress δεν παρουσίασαν στατιστικώς σημαντική διαφορά ανάμεσα στις δύο ομάδες της αιμορραγίας. Η ηπατική αιμορραγία είχε ως συνέπεια τη μείωση της αναγεννητικής ικανότητας όπως αυτή μετρήθηκε από το PCNA. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ: Από τη μελέτη μας προκύπτει το συμπέρασμα ότι η ηπατική αιμορραγία προκαλεί μεγαλύτερες επιπτώσεις στα ηπατικύτταρα σε σχέση με τη συστηματική αιμορραγία. Οι μεγαλύτερες ανάγκες υγρών για ανάνηψη, η εντονότερη φλεγμονώδης απάντηση και η μειωμένη αναγεννητική ικανότητα των ηπατοκυττάρων στην περίπτωση της ηπατικής αιμορραγίας είναι ευρήματα με πιθανή κλινική σημασία για την ηπατική χειρουργική και το τραύμα.

scholarly journals Water-dispersible clay in soils treated with sewage sludge

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1527-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Tavares Filho ◽  
Graziela Moraes de Césare Barbosa ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Ribon
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dispersible Clay

A by-product of Wastewater Treatment Stations is sewage sludge. By treatment and processing, the sludge is made suitable for rational and environmentally safe use in agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different doses of limed sewage sludge (50 %) on clay dispersion in soil samples with different textures (clayey and medium). The study was conducted with soil samples collected from native forest, on a Red Latosol (Brazilian classification: Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico) loamy soil in Londrina (PR) and a Red-Yellow Latosol (BC: Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico) medium texture soil in Jaguapitã (PR). Pots were filled with 3 kg of air-dried fine earth and kept in greenhouse. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments: T1 control, and treatments with limed sewage sludge (50 %) as follows: T2 (3 t ha-1), T3 (6 t ha-1), T4 (12 t ha-1), T5 (24 t ha-1) and T6 (48 t ha-1) and five replications. The incubation time was 180 days. At the end of this period, the pots were opened and two sub-samples per treatment collected to determine pH-H2O, pH KCl (1 mol L-1), organic matter content, water-dispersible clay, ΔpH (pH KCl - pH-H2O) and estimated PZC (point of zero charge): PZC = 2 pH KCl - pH-H2O, as well as the mineralogy of the clay fraction, determined by X ray diffraction. The results showed no significant difference in the average values for water-dispersible clay between the control and the other treatments for the two soil samples studied and ΔpH was the variable that correlated best with water-dispersible clay in both soils.

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