Sex-Typed Personality Traits and Gender Identity as Predictors of Young Adults’ Career Interests

Abstract Background Public health organizations have inconsistent recommendations for screening adolescents and young adults for Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) infections. Guidelines suggest different combinations of anorectal, pharyngeal, and urogenital testing based on age, sex, and sexual activity. Further evaluation of how identity and behaviors impact the anatomic distribution of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infection is needed to optimize future screening practices. Methods We assessed the positivity of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections at different anatomic sites in a cohort of at-risk sexually active adolescents and young adults between 12-24 years old in New Orleans, Louisiana and Los Angeles, California. Participants were tested for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae at three sites (anorectum, pharynx, and urethral/cervix) every four months using self-collected swabs. We stratified anatomic distributions of infection into four gender and sexual behavior categories: (i) cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women (MSMTW), (ii) cis-heterosexual males, (iii) cis-heterosexual females, and (iv) gender minorities assigned female at birth. Results While three-site testing detected all infections, two-site (anorectum and urethra/cervix) testing identified 92-100% of C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae infections in participants assigned female at birth and cis-heterosexual males. For MSMTW, two site anorectal and pharyngeal testing versus single site anorectal testing increased the proportion of individuals with either infection from 74 to 93%. Conclusion Sexual behavioral and gender identity factors may influence detection of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections at specific anatomic testing sites. Testing guidelines should incorporate sexual behavior and gender identity.

Download Full-text

Sex segregation and young adults' gender-typed attitudes about occupations

10.33915/etd.4578 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Lisa DiDonato ◽

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Young Adults ◽

Young Adult ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Social Interactions ◽

The Self ◽

Sex Segregation ◽

Same Sex ◽

Men And Women ◽

And Gender

The present study examined the relation between the prevalence of sex segregation, or the division of men and women within social interactions, and young adults' gender-typed attitudes. Specifically, gender-typed attitudes about the occupations that are preferred for the self and viewed as appropriate for others were investigated. The objectives of the current study were partially based on the suggestion that gender-typed attitudes may be a consequence, as well as a cause, of sex segregation (McHale, Kim, Whiteman, & Crouter, 2004). The gender-typed personality traits of expressivity (i.e., traits typically associated with femininity; e.g., being emotional) and instrumentality (i.e., traits typically associated with masculinity; e.g., being assertive) were examined as mediators of the relation between sex segregation and gender-typed attitudes about occupations. Activity preferences, or the activities that individuals choose to engage in, was also investigated as a mediator of the relation between sex segregation and gender-typed attitudes about occupations. Participants were 284 young adult college students between 18 to 23 years who completed questionnaires for the study online. The results indicated that men and women have more same-sex friends than other-sex friends. The frequency of sex segregation was found to be partially dependent on factors such as sex and context of the interaction (i.e., school vs. "hanging out"). Furthermore, men and women were found to have gender-typed attitudes about occupations viewed as appropriate for the self and for others. Overall, sex segregation was not found to be related to gender-typed attitudes about occupations. Reasons for these findings are discussed. Additionally, the potential consequences of the findings are discussed in relation to the continuing sex segregation that is observed within many occupations.

Download Full-text

Sexual and gender minority young adults' smoking characteristics: Assessing differences by sexual orientation and gender identity

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.03.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

pp. 98-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Erin A. Vogel ◽

Gary L. Humfleet ◽

Meredith Meacham ◽

Judith J. Prochaska ◽

Danielle E. Ramo

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Minority ◽

Sexual And Gender Minority ◽

And Gender

Download Full-text

Sexual and Gender Identity Development in Young Adults and Implications for Healthcare

Current Sexual Health Reports ◽

10.1007/s11930-019-00215-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 274-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jordon D. Bosse

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Identity Development ◽

Gender Identity ◽

And Gender

Download Full-text

Differences in Substance Use and Sexual Risk by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Among University and Community Young Adults in a U.S.-Mexico Border City

Health Promotion Practice ◽

10.1177/1524839920933257 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 152483992093325

Author(s):

Oralia Loza ◽

Thenral Mangadu ◽

João B. Ferreira-Pinto ◽

Priscilla Guevara

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Young Adults ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

El Paso ◽

Education Institution ◽

Mexico Border ◽

And Gender ◽

Hispanic Serving

Ethnic and sexual minority young adults in El Paso, Texas, are at high risk for substance use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In 2014, a Hispanic-serving higher education institution partnered with two community-based organizations to implement integrated substance use interventions and HIV and HCV prevention among young adults on campus and in surrounding communities. Among the 95 young adults, aged 18–24 years, who responded to a needs assessment survey, 91.5% were Hispanic, 53.7% were female, and 27.4% were sexual or gender minorities (SGMs) as defined by behavior and identity. SGMs had significantly higher rates of current smoking, drinking when bored, and of being told they had a drinking problem. Compared with the other young adult survey respondents, SGMs had lower health risk perceptions for tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use and reported similar or higher rates of lifetime drug use during sex and higher rates of HIV risk behaviors. Study findings have implications for including measures for sexual orientation and gender identity in substance use studies, examining regional and cultural norms that may intersect to shape substance use among SGMs, and incorporating unique risk contexts for SGMs in interventions for substance use.

Download Full-text

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE MULTIFACTORIAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF GENDER CHARACTERISTICS

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.1995.23.1.69 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 69-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jennifer Aube ◽

Hilary Norcliffe ◽

Richard Koestner

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Men And Women ◽

Masculinity And Femininity ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Gender Characteristics ◽

And Gender ◽

Multifactorial Approach ◽

Role Behaviors

Two studies examined the relation of gender-related physical characteristics (such as a deep voice or broad shoulders) to other aspects of gender. The first study used an open-ended survey to identify physical characteristics and mannerisms that are associated with judgements of masculinity and femininity in men and women. In a second study, subjects' gender-related physical attributes and mannerisms were coded during a five minute videotaped interaction and related to other aspects of gender such as personality traits, interests and role behaviors, gender identity, and gender adequacy. The results showed that gender-related physical attributes were consistently associated with other gender characteristics for men but not women. The studies suggest that physical characteristics and mannerisms should be included as an important component in the emerging multifactorial conception of gender identity.

Download Full-text