scholarly journals Sex segregation and young adults' gender-typed attitudes about occupations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lisa DiDonato ◽  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sex Segregation ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender

The present study examined the relation between the prevalence of sex segregation, or the division of men and women within social interactions, and young adults' gender-typed attitudes. Specifically, gender-typed attitudes about the occupations that are preferred for the self and viewed as appropriate for others were investigated. The objectives of the current study were partially based on the suggestion that gender-typed attitudes may be a consequence, as well as a cause, of sex segregation (McHale, Kim, Whiteman, & Crouter, 2004). The gender-typed personality traits of expressivity (i.e., traits typically associated with femininity; e.g., being emotional) and instrumentality (i.e., traits typically associated with masculinity; e.g., being assertive) were examined as mediators of the relation between sex segregation and gender-typed attitudes about occupations. Activity preferences, or the activities that individuals choose to engage in, was also investigated as a mediator of the relation between sex segregation and gender-typed attitudes about occupations. Participants were 284 young adult college students between 18 to 23 years who completed questionnaires for the study online. The results indicated that men and women have more same-sex friends than other-sex friends. The frequency of sex segregation was found to be partially dependent on factors such as sex and context of the interaction (i.e., school vs. "hanging out"). Furthermore, men and women were found to have gender-typed attitudes about occupations viewed as appropriate for the self and for others. Overall, sex segregation was not found to be related to gender-typed attitudes about occupations. Reasons for these findings are discussed. Additionally, the potential consequences of the findings are discussed in relation to the continuing sex segregation that is observed within many occupations.

scholarly journals Social Anxiety: Prevalence and Gender Correlates among Young Adult Urban College Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Visalakshi Sridhar ◽  
Dr. Surya Rekha S.V
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Anxiety Questionnaire

Social anxiety is a debilitating disorder often affecting everyday functioning of young adults. This developmental period has challenges in the domains of academics, career, and relationships. Thus, experience of social anxiety, even if subclinical, can be doubly challenging. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of social anxiety among young adults of urban college students in Bangalore, India. Participants of the study were a group of 472 college students comprising 250 males and 222 females. They were screened for social anxiety using Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ) developed by Caballo et al. (2015) which measures five domains. It was found that 28.60% experience social anxiety which seems significant enough to demand attention. The percentage of males and females that experienced social anxiety was 27.2% and 30.18% respectively, establishing that there is no significant relationship between social anxiety and gender. Gender did not seem to correlate with any of the domains of social anxiety.

Germanness or Rights? Second Generation Young Adults and Citizenship in Contemporary Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Williams
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
National Origin ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
Transnational Ties ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adult Immigrants

Scholarship on citizenship-in its definition as nationality or formal membership in the state-has been both the basis for evaluating and comparing national citizenships as "ethnocultural" or "civic," and used to imply the meaning of citizenship to prospective citizens, particularly immigrants and non-citizen residents. Doing so ignores a perspective on citizenship "from below," and oversimplifies the multiplicity of meanings that individuals may attach to citizenship. This article seeks to fill this gap in scholarship by examining young adult second-generation descendants of immigrants in Germany. The second generation occupies a unique position for examining the meaning of citizenship, based on the fact that they were born and grew up in Germany, and are thus more likely than adult immigrants to be able to become citizens as well as to claim national belonging to Germany. Among the varied meanings of citizenship are rights-based understandings, which are granted to some non-citizens and not others, as well as identitarian meanings which may depend on everyday cultural practices as well as national origin. Importantly, these meanings of citizenship are not arbitrary among the second generation; citizenship status and gender appear to inform understandings of citizenship, while national origin and transnational ties appear to be less significant for the meaning of citizenship.

Cultural and Sex Differences in Rating the Self and an Hypothetical Well-Adjusted Person on Jack's Divided Self and Care as Self-Sacrifice Subscales

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koutrelakos ◽  
A. J. Baranchik ◽  
N. Damato
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
The Self ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Divided Self ◽  
The Usa

Ratings of the self and of an hypothetical well-adjusted man and woman on the Divided Self and Care as Self-sacrifice subscales of the Silencing the Self Scale were obtained for samples of men and women in the USA and Greece. Factor analysis confirmed the items' assignment to subscales for each of the three sets of ratings. Generally, Greeks scored higher than Americans on both subscales. While men usually scored higher than women on the Care subscale in both countries, they only did so in Greece for the Divided Self. Women had greater discrepancies than men between their self and well-adjusted same-sex rating on both subscales in each country, with this sex difference being greater in Greece than the USA and greater on the Care subscale in both countries.

Developmental Work Personality Among Young Adult CNS Cancer Survivors: An Exploratory Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Strauser ◽  
Alex W. K. Wong ◽  
Deirdre O'Sullivan ◽  
Stacia Wagner
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Cns Cancer

The primary aim of this brief exploratory study is to examine differences in developmental work personality in a sample of young adult CNS cancer survivors and a group of young adult college students without disabilities. Participants were 43 young adults with central nervous systems cancer (females = 58.1%, Mean age = 21.64, SD = 3.64) and a comparison sample of 45 typically developing others who were college students (females = 77.3%, mean age = 20.91, SD = 1.04). They completed the Developmental Work Personality Scale (DWPS). Group differences in developmental work personality were examined using multivariate analysis of variance procedures. Results indicated that overall developmental work personality, and subscale scores of work tasks, and social skills were significantly lower among CNS cancer survivors compared to typically developing other young adults. Findings suggest influences of developmental atypicality in work personality with CNS cancer survivorship.

Dating Violence Attitudes Among Latino College Students: An Examination of Gender, Machismo, and Marianismo

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-210
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Terrazas-Carrillo ◽  
Chiara Sabina
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino College Students ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Hispanic Serving ◽  
United States Mexico

This study sought to fill a gap in the literature by exploring the association of gender, machismo and marianismo, and acculturation to dating violence (DV) attitudes among a sample of Latino college students. A total of 305 students were recruited from a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) located on the United States–Mexico border. Results showed significant differences in all forms of DV attitudes across gender. Separate regression models for men and women showed a pattern of endorsing the traditional gender role of machismo was predictive of tolerant DV attitudes for men and women. The marianismo dimension of chastity and virtuosity was associated to a decrease in tolerant DV attitudes among men. In addition, acculturation's relationship to DV attitudes and gender role ideology was not significant. Overall, the findings highlight the need for DV programs to address culturally-based understandings of gender roles and their association to DV attitudes.

Incidence of Some Oral-Based Habits among College Students and Their Correlations with Use of Oral Stimulants

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Joubert
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women College Students ◽  
Self Reports

This study explored the incidence of three personal habits and their correlates with popular tensional outlets. The 108 men and 202 women college students estimated how often they bit their fingernails, picked their noses, chewed on pencils or other objects, used specific tobacco products, used specific caffeine products, chewed gum, and exercised Also, they rated their happiness on a seven-point scale in Likert format. The fingernail-biting incidence observed here was higher than was reported in previous samples of young adults, and more men than women were nail-biters. More men than women admitted to nose-picking; and about 61% of persons of either sex reported being occasional object-chewers. Men were more likely to exercise, use tobacco products, or consume iced tea than were women but were less likely to chew gum. The intercorrelations among the habits were not significant, and they were unrelated to lower self-reports of happiness. Both men and women who were object-chewers reported drinking greater amounts of cola beverages; otherwise, the relationships between these habits and product uses were not significant.

DSM-5 Pathological Personality Traits and Intimate Partner Violence Among Male and Female College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Dowgwillo ◽  
Kim S. Ménard ◽  
Robert F. Krueger ◽  
Aaron L. Pincus
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Relationship Violence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Personality Facets ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between pathological personality traits identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., DSM-5) Section III alternative model of personality disorder (using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5; PID-5) and intimate partner violence (IPV; using the Conflict Tactics Scale [CTS]) in a sample of male (N = 1,106) and female (N = 1,338) college students. In this sample, self and partner perpetration of CTS Relationship Violence and CTS Negotiation tactics loaded onto 2 separate factors. The PID-5 facets and domains were differentially associated with these factors for both men and women. Facets and domains explained 10.1%–16.1% and 5.8%–10.6% of the variance in CTS Relationship Violence tactics, respectively. For both genders, detachment was positively associated with relationship violence. Antagonism was uniquely associated with relationship violence for women, whereas disinhibition was uniquely associated with relationship violence for men. Associations with lower level pathological personality facets were also examined. Overall, results indicate that DSM-5 pathological personality traits are associated with IPV reported by both men and women.

Sex-Stereotyped Traits, Physical Attractiveness, and Interpersonal Attraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1311-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve A. Nida ◽  
John E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Marital Partner ◽  
Basic Procedure ◽  
Interpersonal Situations ◽  
Physically Attractive

Two distinct categories of information operative in interpersonal situations are what a person “looks like” and what the person “acts like.” The former can be represented by degree of physical attractiveness. The latter can be summarized in terms of personality traits, classified according to the degree to which they are typically seen as masculine or feminine. The present research assessed the effects of simultaneously manipulating these two variables on different measures of heterosexual interpersonal attraction. The basic procedure involved college students' reading an elaborate context story from which ratings of hypothetical stimulus persons, in both “working partner” and “marital partner” contexts, emerged. The physical attractiveness of the hypothetical person was varied by means of facial photographs, and the person's trait description was manipulated for degree of sex-stereotype loading on the basis of “sex-stereotype index” values for adjectives. In both experiments subjects strongly preferred physically attractive stimulus persons. In a study in which subjects chose between two stimulus persons, interpersonal attraction was related to the sex-stereotype loading of personality traits, with subjects preferring stimulus persons described with traits drawn from the same-sex stereotype. In a second study in which subjects rated only one stimulus person, such an effect did not occur. In both studies feminine traits were more highly valued than masculine characteristics within the context of marriage.

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