Use of Nuclear Energy in Outer-Space Systems

Atomic Energy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Koroteev
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Space Systems

The potential human cost of the use of weapons in outer space and the protection afforded by international humanitarian law

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
Human Cost

1. The use of weapons in outer space – be it through kinetic or non-kinetic means, using space- and/or ground-based weapon systems – could have significant impacts on civilians on earth. This is because technology enabled by space systems permeates most aspects of civilian life, making the potential consequences of attacks on space systems a matter of humanitarian concern.

A Legal Mirage: State Responsibility for Non-State Actor Interference with Space Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 180-214
Author(s):  
HEATHER S. FOGO
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
State Actor ◽  
Telecommunications Law ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Space Activities ◽  
Good Behaviour

AbstractOuter space is becoming a more accessible and less expensive domain in which to operate. Consequently, growing numbers of state and non-state actors (NSAs) are operating in, to, and through space. At the same time, instances of space-based and ground-based interference with space systems are also increasing, disrupting crucial space-supported services and applications relied on by millions, with great financial and operational costs. The increased participation of NSAs in space activities raises particular concerns, especially the threat of intentional interference with space systems by nefarious actors like terrorist organizations. It also requires consideration of whether states bear responsibility and/or liability for the acts of NSAs with a nexus to those states. At first glance, it is tempting to conclude that one or more normative legal regimes would apply. The potential regimes include international space law, international telecommunications law, and the law of state responsibility. On further examination, however, when it comes to interference, there appears to be no effective legal mechanism to hold states accountable for NSA interference with space systems, which can be exploited by NSAs and challenge efforts by states to enforce “good” behaviour.

Performance of Powder-Lubricated Journal Bearings With MoS2 Powder: Experimental Study of Thermal Phenomena

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Heshmat ◽  
D. Brewe
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Lubricant Films ◽  
Powder Flow Rate ◽  
Powder Lubrication ◽  
Thermal Phenomena

Powder-lubricated, quasi-hydrodynamic journal bearings assist in controlling wear and hold promise for integration in outer space systems/mechanisms and in other hostile-environment applications where the use of conventional lubricants is impractical. Described herein are the thermal phenomena and an assessment of the thermal stability, heat generation and dissipation characteristics of slider-type, powder-lubricated bearings. Powder lubricant films provide lift and separate bearing surfaces and cause side leakage. The reduction in friction coefficient and, consequently, in the heat generated in the bearings, drastically reduces wear of the tribomaterials. Further, bearing side leakage carries away most of the heat generated by shear, reducing the heat to the critical bearing surfaces. Also presented are the thermohydrodynamic effects of powder lubrication (MoS2) on bearing performance criteria, e.g., temperature and friction coefficient as a function of speed and load, including the effect of powder flow rate on bearing performance and wear.

scholarly journals The Space Economy: Freedom and Fairness above the Skies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavian Dragomir Jora
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Cosmic Space ◽  
Liberal Capitalism ◽  
Space Economy ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
New Applications

The space economy encompasses the totality of activities resulting from and in the presence of humankind in space and, in addition to its governmental and research components, it also features a critical and crescent business and market-oriented segment. The number of space systems, especially those in Earth orbit, has augmented significantly, leading to a surge in satellite services that has strikingly outstripped global economic growth. The huge demand for communications, data gathering, navigation, positioning and timing services grows exponentially with the development of new applications with terrestrial debouche and encouraged by state actors seeing this field as a strategic force multiplier and area for competition/competitiveness. This research observes that even if costs continue to fall (on the technological “supply-side”) and reliance on circum-terrestrial space-based facilities continues to rise (on the “demand-side”), there are international institutional hurdles against the unleash of space quest for fear that uneven chances to accede in space will ignite old terrestrial conflicts. Special attention will be drawn on the reasons for the potential prolongation of the image of cosmic space as a “museum” rather that a “laboratory”, and a “laboratory” rather than an “workshop”, discussing whether the just / efficient paradigm in the outer space governance / ownership / sovereignty is “entrepreneurial liberal capitalism”, “egalitarian social democracy” or “reactionary conservatism”.

Classification of the effects of AI CP on REE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Kozyukov ◽  
Pavel Chubunov ◽  
Konstantin Zolnikov ◽  
Pavel Kuc'ko ◽  
Tatyana Skvortsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Special Protection

During the flight, charged particles of outer space act on space systems (orbital stations, spacecraft, interplanetary spacecraft, etc.), which, without the use of special protection measures, can lead to the failure of onboard systems. They are particularly dangerous for systems that use electronic components (semiconductor devices and integrated circuits, optoelectronic devices). These systems in the spacecraft, as a rule, include all control systems, telemetry systems, receiving and transmitting devices, thermal control systems, power supply systems, etc., which in general can be called radio-electronic equipment (REE).

Radiation Damage in Ceramics

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
T. E. Mitchell ◽  
M. R. Pascucci ◽  
R. A. Youngman
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nuclear Waste Storage ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fundamental Point ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Present Understanding

1. Introduction. Studies of radiation damage in ceramics are of interest not only from a fundamental point of view but also because it is important to understand the behavior of ceramics in various practical radiation enyironments- fission and fusion reactors, nuclear waste storage media, ion-implantation devices, outer space, etc. A great deal of work has been done on the spectroscopy of point defects and small defect clusters in ceramics, but relatively little has been performed on defect agglomeration using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the same kind of detail that has been so successful in metals. This article will assess our present understanding of radiation damage in ceramics with illustrations using results obtained from the authors' work.

Nuclear Energy

2000 ◽  
pp. 297-321
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Energy
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