The Prospect of Investment Banking and Arbitration in the Space Economy

Morgan Stanley estimates that the global space industry could generate revenues of more than $1 trillion or more by 2040, up from over $400 billion currently. Do declining launch costs, technological advancements and a rising interest in the public sector make space the next trillion-dollar economy? The dynamics of the space sector has led wall street analysts to forecast that the space industry could become the next trillion-dollar industry by 2040. As of January 2018, the global space economy grew more than 8%, generating $414.75 billion in space activities.With unmanned scientific exploration, high levels of private funding advancement in technology the implications of investment for a more accessible, low cost into outer space is significant, with potential opportunities for improvement of the resources in space for profit-making and expansion of business concerns, the expanding interest of public sector migrate into the shift from private finding to public and herald the entrance of traditional finance There are fortunes and resources in the space economy which aids the activities of humans, as well as the bold exploration of countries to expand research and understand the limits use and the extent to the use in the space economy.This paper seeks to explore the prospects of investment banking activities in the growing space economy, seeing the growing development of exchange-traded funds already being explored in the space economy and the new regulations allowing Wall Street to do Venture Capital which expands the exploration of capital and buttresses the objective of raising capital by a major player, Space X which raised about $44 Billion and so grows the prospect of more banking activity. Furthermore, the possibilities that are inherent in the eventual proliferation of investment banking activities in the space industry will be addressed. In attempting to do justice to such a lofty idea, the universal need for funding in the world of business will be examined as a representation of the intersection between banking interests and space interests. The interplay of factors such as risk and understanding of business processes in the dynamics of any relationship between investment banking and the space industry will also be examined. The purpose of such analysis will be to afford an understanding of the role that investment banking has to play in the space industry, as an over text to the elements and characteristics of space activities that define the rate of the growth of the influence and applicability of investment banking to the peculiar needs and unique concerns associated with the pursuit of profitable business in the space economy. Lastly, this paper looks to give an account of the evolution of Space Dispute Arbitration, and how the existing legal mechanisms in force for directing arbitral awards have evolved in scope and flexibility since the first satellite launch. In general, and as a statement of fundamental purpose, this paper will attempt to provide a wide and sufficiently detailed representation of what the space industry is, the dynamics of space arbitration and how its resultant economic sector functions, in order to hypothesize on the part that investment banking has to play in its growth and in the maximization of its resultant profits for all shareholders involved.”

Enabling the sustainable space era by developing the infrastructure for a space economy

The world is changing fast, and so is the space sector. Planning for large scientific experiments two decades ahead may no longer be the most sensible approach. I develop the argument that large science experiments are becoming comparable to terrestrial civil infrastructures in terms of cost. As a result, these should incorporate plans for a return on investment (or impact, not necessarily economic), require a different approach for inter-division coordination within the European Space Agency (ESA), and a broader participation of all society stakeholders (civil society representatives, and the broader public). Defining which experiments will be relevant two decades ahead adds rigidity and quenches creativity to the development of cutting edge science and technology. This is likely to discourage both senior and earlier career professionals into supporting such long-term (and often precarious) plans. A more sensible strategy would be increasing the rate of smaller well understood experiments, engage more society sectors in the development of a truly space-bound infrastructure, and formulate a strategy more in tune with the challenges faced by our society and planet. We argue that such strategy would lead to equally large -even larger- scale experiments in the same time-scale, while providing economic returns and a common sense of purpose. A basic but aggressive road map is outlined.

POLA RUANG EKONOMI DI KAWASAN PINGGIRAN PERKOTAAN

ABSTRACTThe development of the center of the city of Semarang is very rapid, leading to the outskirts. The outskirts, which were originally used as agricultural areas, have now been converted into built-up areas, settlements, trade and services. This research was conducted in Tembalang Village, which is an educational area, new settlements accompanied by the growth of economic activity. The purpose of this study is to find patterns of economic space in suburban urban areas. Methodology Descriptive analysis research using a qualitative and rationalistic deductive approach that focuses on the environmental approach (behavior approach) and the spatial economic approach. From the results of the analysis, it is concluded that Tembalang Village has an Economic Spatial Pattern that develops along the main road. Economic activities that follow this main road route form a network pattern. This pattern of economic space is also still visible in the surrounding area. The pattern of economic space that develops on the main road corridor has a high selling value of land. Every year there is an increase in land prices, both according to NJOP, land rental prices and land selling prices.Keywords: pattern, space, economy, activity, suburbs, urban. ABSTRAKPerkembangan pusat Kota Semarang yang sangat pesat, mengarah pada kawasan pinggiran. Kawasan pinggiran yang awalnya sebagai fungsi kawasan pertanian, banyak beralih fungsi menjadi kawasan terbangun, pemrmukiman, perdagangan dan jasa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Tembalang, yang merupakan kawasan pendidikan, permukiman baru disertai dengan pertumbuhan aktivitas ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini menemukan pola ruang ekonomi pada kawasan pinggiran perkotaan. Metodologi Penelitian analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deduktif Kualitatif Rasionalistik yang berfokus pada pendekatan lingkungan (behaviour approach) dan pendekatan ekonomi keruangan (spatial economic approach). Dari hasil analisis disimpulkan Kelurahan Tembalang memiliki Pola Ruang Ekonomi yang berkembang di sepanjang jalan utama. Kegiatan perekonomian yang mengikuti jalur jalan utama ini mementuk pola jaringan. Pola ruang ekonomi ini juga masih terlihat pada kawasan sekitarnya. Pola ruang ekonomi yang berkembang pada koridor jalan utama, memiliki nilai jual lahan yang tinggi. Semakin tahun mengalami kenaikan harga lahan baik menurut NJOP, harga sewa lahan maupun harga jual lahan.Kata kunci : pola,ruang, ekonomi, aktivitas, pinggiran, perkotaan.

Federated Space Systems Tradespace Exploration for Strategic Robustness

Motivated by the growth of the commercial space economy and renewed focus on the disaggregation of military space systems, this work develops a method for conceptual design of federated satellite systems as a collaborative system-of-systems (SoS). Objectives seek to improve the likelihood of successful SoS formation and pursue constituent system utility robustness. The proposed metaheuristic optimization tradespace exploration method accounts for technical and economic design variables and multi-decision maker strategy dynamics. Constituent system designs are ranked on their simulated net present value. A game-theoretic measure of risk dominance is used in concert with net present value to assess robustness and utility of candidate SoS designs. The method is validated with a notional application case that assesses potential collaboration between Earth observing and telecommunications systems. Results demonstrate a fundamental trade between system efficiency and robustness and highlight the importance of accounting for strategy dynamics when designing systems for collaboration.

The New Final Frontier: A Case Study Analysis of Private Sector’s Increasing Role in the Space Industry

Historically, any endeavors, involving the term ‘space’, were perceived as operations undertaken by large government organizations with an emphasis on the scientific aspect, rather than a business one. However, over the last two decades, the structure of the space industry is rapidly being transformed and privatized due to the growth in commercial applications and the catalyzing entry of billionaires such as Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos. This paper offers a case study analysis of the private sector’s growing influence in the space industry through a combination of a quantitative analysis and an in-depth review of the surrounding literature. The results show that the commercial economy now accounts for almost 80% of the monetary size of the space industry and is expected to drive most of the growth in future. Further, a forecast of the future size of the space economy suggests it could touch almost US$1.5 trillion by 2040, dominated by the private sector. A regression analysis conducted to assess the quantum of private sector investment that will be required if the industry is to achieve its forecasted potential in the upcoming decades revealed that private investments must go up to US$48billion by 2025.

Small Satellites Constellations and Their Impact on CBRNe Management in Africa

A wave of small satellites massive constellations, in the range of hundreds of units each, is progressively populating the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with a low-price, and varied, offer of Telecom (speed band) and Earth Imaging services (Starlink, Planet, One Web, etc.). It is a market - driven trend based on new satellite interlocking technologies, which cut down the supplier costs of launch and in orbit operations compared to the traditional technology based on big (and much heavier) geostationary satellites operating at high altitudes. This is a disruptive phenomenon especially for the developing world, where such vital services have always been hard to access, and their use therefore remained scarce, not consolidated, or even completely missing. Among these, Emergency management is definitely crucial. The geographical focus of this study is Africa and it deals not only with Institutional PRS users but with a wider potential context (corporations, private subjects, etc.). It clearly appears that a general degree of “Country readiness” toward Space technology and organization is necessary for these initiatives to take place. This can be achieved through certified international cooperation. The authors then, based on an estimated demand Model for services with their relative pricing corresponding to a cost-designed constellation of small microsatellites, presented already, among other, at several International Astronautical Federation(IAF)Symposia on Space Economy, simulate the resulting type of services available: TLC by band types and relative upload and download rates, Earth imaging by refresh rates and optical quality and resolution, Ground segment configuration for signal backhauling and user terminal receiving.. This info isapplied to a specific African Country case (Nigeria) whose significance emerged over other Countries after the application of comparative grids. Finally, an insight on the specifically configuration of services for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNe) like management by local users, both maritime and land, with the relative costs, is offered. This is consequently left open for follow ups and discussion, due to the customer – design, project financing approaches of this Model programme.

The Geographies of Expatriates’ Cultural Venues in Globalizing Shanghai: A Geo-Information Approach Applied to Social Media Data Platform

This paper measures the cultural consumption patterns of expatriates in Shanghai by applying a geo-information approach to data derived from social media. In order to reveal the geographical characteristics, the paper zooms in on the level of city districts and presents a typology based on the degree of spatial and functional aggregation of cultural venues. Three major contextual parameters underlying the typology are discerned: the geographies of the Shanghai space-economy, the imprint of Shanghai’s spatio-political strategies, and the overall policy approach toward this community. We discuss how this study can be used as the starting point for further comparative studies on cultural patterns of expatriates in other geographical contexts.