Circadian Rhythms of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Women with Different Types of Obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Pinkhasov ◽  
V. G. Selyatinskaya ◽  
E. L. Astrakhantseva ◽  
E. V. Anufrienko
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Genome-wide circadian rhythm detection methods: systematic evaluations and practical guidelines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Mei ◽  
Zhiwen Jiang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Aziz Sancar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Abstract Circadian rhythms are oscillations of behavior, physiology and metabolism in many organisms. Recent advancements in omics technology make it possible for genome-wide profiling of circadian rhythms. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of seven existing algorithms commonly used for circadian rhythm detection. Using gold-standard circadian and non-circadian genes, we systematically evaluated the accuracy and reproducibility of the algorithms on empirical datasets generated from various omics platforms under different experimental designs. We also carried out extensive simulation studies to test each algorithm’s robustness to key variables, including sampling patterns, replicates, waveforms, signal-to-noise ratios, uneven samplings and missing values. Furthermore, we examined the distributions of the nominal $P$-values under the null and raised issues with multiple testing corrections using traditional approaches. With our assessment, we provide method selection guidelines for circadian rhythm detection, which are applicable to different types of high-throughput omics data.

scholarly journals Preferences of mice, Mus musculus, for different types of running wheel

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Banjanin ◽  
N. Mrosovsky
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Additional Cost ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Running Wheel ◽  
Different Types

Mice are increasingly used in research. In particular, their wheel running is often used as a measure of activity, and as a marker of phase of circadian rhythms. Learning about the preferences of mice for different types of wheel may improve their welfare and suggest ways of increasing activity levels. Mice, Mus musculus, were given a choice between different types of running wheel by putting them in cages equipped with two wheels. Strong preferences were shown for wheels with a plastic mesh flooring, rather than the standard metal rods only. The mesh was even preferred over a solid base, although this effect was not seen in mice that had been given access only to wheels with the solid base immediately prior to the choice test. Small diameter wheels, sometimes sold as mouse wheels, were preferred less than standardsized wheels with rods. The results suggest that types of running wheel often used in laboratories can be improved by considering the animals' preferences. The types of wheel tested here are easy to maintain and entail little additional cost, while increasing the mouse's interest in running and exercise.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF GLYCEMIA INDICES DYNAMICS IN THE COURSE OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH LOCAL WOUNDS AND DIABETES MELLITUS

2016 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
I. A. Slavnikov ◽  
Z. A. Dundarov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Therapy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Persistent Hyperglycemia

Objective: to determine regularities of the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism indices in the application of various techniques of the treatment for local wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. We studied the glycemia dynamics in 83 patients with different types and duration of diabetes mellitus who had local wounds of various genesis and limitation period. We applied various ways of conservative therapy and surgical treatment of wound defects and also their combinations in the out-patient conditions of hospital. Hypocarbohydrate diet, various schemes of insulin therapy with short and long acting preparations, oral application of antihyperglycemic preparations of biguanide and sulfonylurea groups, and also their combination were applied as antihyperglycemic therapy. Results. Elimination of local wound defects with a small amount of necrotic mass or its absence in patients with different types of diabetes mellitus by means of various conservative techniques and operative treatment leads to the decrease of prandial glucose concentration in capillary blood. Patients with significant volume of wound detritus did not reveal such a relation. Conclusion. Necrotizing tissues in the area of a local wound defect in patients with impaired glucose metabolism are the cause of persistent hyperglycemia in these patients. This is an unfavorable factor for medicinal compensation of carbohydrate metabolism.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

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