scholarly journals Spatial variability of organic matter properties determines methane fluxes in a tropical forested peatland

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Girkin ◽  
C. H. Vane ◽  
H. V. Cooper ◽  
V. Moss-Hayes ◽  
J. Craigon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Methane Fluxes ◽  
Forested Peatland

scholarly journals Spatial Variability of Organic Matter Dynamics in the Semi-Arid Croplands of Northern Kazakhstan

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junta Yanai ◽  
Azusa Mishima ◽  
Shinya Funakawa ◽  
Kanat Akshalov ◽  
Takashi Kosaki
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Organic Matter Dynamics ◽  
Semi Arid

Variability in organic matter lost by combustion in a boreal bog during the 2001 Chisholm fire

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2509-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W Benscoter ◽  
R Kelman Wieder
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
Site Variation

Fire directly releases carbon (C) to the atmosphere through combustion of biomass. An estimated 1470 ± 59 km2 of peatland burns annually in boreal, western Canada, releasing 4.7 ± 0.6 Tg C to the atmosphere via direct combustion. We quantified within-site variation in organic matter lost via combustion in a bog peatland in association with the 116 000-ha Chisholm, Alberta, fire in 2001. We hypothesized that for peatlands with considerable small-scale microtopography (bogs and treed fens), hummocks will burn less than hollows. We found that hollows exhibit more combustion than hummocks, releasing nearly twice as much C to the atmosphere. Our results suggest that spatial variability in species composition and site hydrology within a landform and across a landscape could contribute to considerable spatial variation in the amounts of C released via combustion during peatland fire, although the magnitude of this variation may be dependent on fire severity.

scholarly journals VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DO FLUXO DE CO2 DO SOLO EM POVOAMENTO DE EUCALIPTO

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Fonseca D’Andréa ◽  
Marx Leandro Naves Silva ◽  
Diego Antonio França de Freitas ◽  
Nilton Curi ◽  
Carlos Alberto Silva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil Co2 Flux

A matéria orgânica do solo armazena a maior parte do carbono contido nos sistemas terrestres do planeta, sendo a maioria encontrada nos solos com floresta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o fluxo de CO2 do solo e a sua variabilidade espacial em povoamento de Eucalyptus sp. Foram avaliados o fluxo de CO2 do solo, fatores ambientais (evaporação de água, temperatura e umidade do solo), atributos relacionados à fertilidade (pH, soma de bases e alumínio trocável), estrutura (densidade do solo e porosidade total) e matéria orgânica do solo (carbono orgânico total e carbono da biomassa microbiana). Análises de correlação linear simples indicaram que parte da variabilidade espacial do fluxo de CO2 do solo pode ser explicada pelo efeito conjunto do teor de carbono orgânico do solo, da biomassa da serapilheira e da presença de árvores no terreno, indicativas da participação de fatores bióticos no processo. No entanto, o fluxo de CO2 do solo é um fenômeno de natureza complexa, não sendo possível identificar um único atributo do solo ou do ambiente que, isoladamente, explique sua variação no espaço.Palavras-chave: Matéria orgânica; fatores ambientais; fertilidade; carbono; respiração do solo.AbstractSoil CO2 flux spatial variability on eucalyptus manmade forest.  The organic matter on soil retains most of carbon contained in the planet terrestrial systems, specially in forest soils. The aim of this work was to quantify soil CO2 flux and its spatial variability on Eucalyptus sp. manmade forest. In order to that, soil CO2 flux, environmental factors (water evaporation, soil temperature and moisture), fertility attributes (pH, bases sum and exchangeable aluminum), structure (bulk density and total porosity), and soil organic matter (total organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon) were evaluated. Simple linear correlation analyses indicated that part of the spatial variability of soil CO2 flux can be explained by the associated effect of soil organic carbon amount, litter biomass and presence of trees, indicatives of participation of biotic factors in the process. However, the soil CO2 flux is a complex phenomenon, been impossible to identify a single soil or environmental attribute, which, individually, could explain its spatial variability. Keywords: Organic matter; environmental factors; fertility; carbon; linear correlation. 

Spatial variability of cadmium, pH, organic matter in soil and its dependence on sampling scales

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kuzel ◽  
V�clav N�dl ◽  
Ladislav Kol�r ◽  
Richard Tich�
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability

scholarly journals Spatial variability in heavy metal concentration in urban pavement joints – a case study

SOIL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Collin J. Weber ◽  
Alexander Santowski ◽  
Peter Chifflard
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Run Off

Abstract. Heavy metals are known to be among one of the major environmental pollutants, especially in urban areas, and, as generally known, can pose environmental risks and direct risks to humans. This study deals with the spatial distribution of heavy metals in different pavement joints in the inner city area of Marburg (Hesse, Germany). Pavement joints, defined as the joint between paving stones and filled with different materials, have so far hardly been considered as anthropogenic materials and potential pollution sources in urban areas. Nevertheless, they have an important role as possible sites of infiltration for surface run-off accumulation areas and are therefore a key feature of urban water regimes. In order to investigate the spatial variability in heavy metals in pavement joints, a geospatial sampling approach was carried out on six inner city sampling sites, followed by heavy metal analyses via inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) and additional pH and organic matter analyses. A first risk assessment of heavy metal pollution from pavement joints was performed. Pavement joints examined consist mainly of basaltic gravel, sands, organic material and anthropogenic artefacts (e.g. glass and plastics), with an average joint size of 0.89 cm and a vertical depth of 2–10 cm. In general, the pavement joint material shows high organic matter loads (average 11.0 % by mass) and neutral to alkaline pH values. Besides high Al and Fe content, the heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb are mainly responsible for the contamination of pavement joints. The identified spatial pattern of maximum heavy metal loads in pavement joints could not be attributed solely to traffic emissions, as commonly reported for urban areas. Higher concentrations were detected at run-off accumulation areas (e.g. drainage gutters) and at the lowest sampling points with high drainage accumulation tendencies. Additional Spearman correlation analyses show a clear positive correlation between the run-off accumulation value and calculated exposure factor (ExF; Spearman correlation coefficients (rSP) – 0.80; p<0.00). Further correlation analyses revealed different accumulation and mobility tendencies of heavy metals in pavement joints. Based on sorption processes with humic substances and an overall alkaline pH milieu, especially Cu, Cd and Pb showed a low potential mobility and strong adsorption tendency, which could lead to an accumulation and fixation of heavy metals in pavement joints. The presence of heavy metals in pavement joints poses a direct risk for urban environments and may also affect environments out of urban areas if drainage transports accumulated heavy metals. Finally, we encourage further research to give more attention to this special field of urban anthropogenic materials and potential risks for urban environments. Overall urban geochemical background values, and the consideration of run-off-related transport processes on pavements, are needed to develop effective management strategies of urban pavement soil pollution.

scholarly journals The Structure of Humic Substances in the Agricultural Genetically Modified Soils of the Kansk Forest-Steppe

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9613-9616
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soluble Organic Matter ◽  
False Flax

In two long-arable areas that were intended for sowing rapeseed and false flax for oilseeds at LLC «Experimental Industrial Farm Solyanskoye» in the Kansk forest-steppe, the structure and humus substances reserves in agrochernozems were studied. The soil cover of key plot No. 1 with the wide-steeply-sloping terrain with weakly pronounced microrelief, which was intended for rape, was dominated by typical medium and strong clayey-illuvial agrochernozems. Key plot No. 2 intended for false flax was located on a smooth hillside of a wide ridge and was characterized by the complexity of the soil cover represented by a combination of clay-illuvial typical agrochernozems of various kinds, thick podzolized clay-illuvial agrochernozems, and thin cryogenic micellar agrochernozems. It has been shown that agrochernozems featured high content of humus in the layer both 0 – 20 and 0 – 40 cm thick. The content of humus carbon (Ctot) and that of carbon of the water-soluble organic matter (CH2O) had little spatial variability (CV = 1.3 – 11.7 %), unlike the carbon content of the alkali-soluble organic matter (C 0.1 n. NaOH), which in the studied agrochernozems had a very high degree of spatial variability (Cv = 18.7 – 66.1 %). Heterogeneity of the soil cover of the slope part of the plot was the factor that determined the average reduction in the content of the reserves of all fractions of humic substances, except for the water-soluble humus carbon. It has been found that the share of the reserves of stable humus carbon (Cstab) was 89 – 95 % of the total carbon reserves of humus, thus the share of CH2O and C0.1 n. NaOH decreased with increasing the complexity of the soil cover from 11 to 5 % of Ctotal. Fields with a pronounced meso- and microrelief and thin kinds of agrochernozems are recommended for sowing false flax, which is a crop that is less demanding to the soil conditions than rapeseed.

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