Turbulence Anisotropy in the Near-Surface Atmosphere and the Evaluation of Multiple Outer Length Scales

AbstractThe presence of an undersurface ocean renders Europa as one of the few planetary bodies in our Solar System that has been conjectured to have possibly harbored life. Some of the organic and inorganic species present in the ocean underneath are expected to transport upwards through the relatively thin ice crust and manifest themselves as impurities of the water ice surface. For this reason, together with its unique dynamic atmosphere and geological features, Europa has attracted strong scientific interests in past decades.Europa is imbedded inside the Jovian magnetosphere, and, therefore, is constantly subjected to the immerse surrounding radiations, similar to the other three Galilean satellites. The magnetosphere-atmosphere-surface interactions form a complex system that provides a multitude of interesting geophysical phenomenon that is unique in the Solar System. The atmosphere of Europa is thought to have created by, mostly, charged particles sputtering of surface materials. Consequently, the study of Europa's atmosphere can be used as a tool to infer the surface composition. In this paper, we will discuss our recent model studies of Europa's near-surface atmosphere. In particular, the abundances and distributions of the dominant O2 and H2O species, and of other organic and inorganic minor species will be addressed.

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Ozone and Oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Near-Surface Atmosphere above the Baikal Natural Territory

The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University Series Earth Sciences ◽

10.26516/2073-3402.2018.24.111 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 111-123

Author(s):

O. I. Khuriganova ◽

◽

V. A. Obolkin ◽

V. L. Potemkin ◽

L. P. Golobokova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Near Surface ◽

Surface Atmosphere ◽

Natural Territory

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Black Carbon in the Near-Surface Atmosphere Far Away from Emission Sources: Comparison of Measurements and MERRA-2 Reanalysis Data

Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics ◽

10.1134/s1024856020060251 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 591-601

Author(s):

T. B. Zhuravleva ◽

A. V. Artyushina ◽

A. A. Vinogradova ◽

Yu. V. Voronina

Keyword(s):

Black Carbon ◽

Reanalysis Data ◽

Emission Sources ◽

Near Surface ◽

Surface Atmosphere

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On the Question of Calculating the Parameters of Vortices in the Near-Surface Atmosphere of Mars

Solar System Research ◽

10.1134/s0038094619050058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 423-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu. N. Izvekova ◽

S. I. Popel’ ◽

O. Ya. Izvekov

Keyword(s):

Near Surface ◽

Surface Atmosphere

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High-Frequency Seismic Wave Propagation in Northeastern North America

Seismological Research Letters ◽

10.1785/gssrl.61.3-4.193 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 61 (3-4) ◽

pp. 193-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. E. Hough ◽

K. H. Jacob ◽

L. Seeber

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

High Frequency ◽

Characteristic Length ◽

Body Waves ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Western North America ◽

Energy Propagation ◽

Length Scales ◽

Near Surface ◽

High Frequencies

Abstract A key element in the assessment of seismic hazard is the estimation of how energy propagation from a given earthquake is affected by crustal structure near the receiver and along the more distant propagation path. In this paper, we present data from a variety of sources in eastern North America recorded at epicentral distances of a few to 800 km, and characterize and interpret systematic features. Site effects have been classically considered in terms of amplification either within a sediment-filled valley or from a single topographic feature (Geli et al., 1988). We present evidence of high frequency (5–30 Hz) resonances observed in hard-rock recordings of both body waves and Lg waves, and suggest that site effect should be expanded regionally to include structural and topographic information over sufficiently large areas to include several wavelengths of any features that may interact with seismic waves in the frequency range of interest. A growing body of evidence suggests that ground motions at high frequencies recorded at large epicentral distances in eastern North America are controlled by resonance effects. We hypothesize that a fundamental difference between eastern and western North America spectra stems from a combination of differences in the character of topography and near-surface structure. Active tectonics of western North America gives rise to a complex crust that scatters seismic energy in a random manner and results in very effective attenuation of high frequencies. The older eastern North American crust contains scatterers that are more ordered, with characteristic length scales that give rise to resonance phenomena in the frequency band critical for earthquake hazard. We present preliminary analysis of topographic data from the Adirondack Mountains in New York that demonstrates the existence of characteristic length scales on the order of up to 1–3 kilometers. Features with these length scales will effectively scatter energy at frequencies in the 1 to 10 Hz range.

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Role of Aqueous Aerosols in Ozone Decomposition in the Near-Surface Atmosphere

Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute ◽

10.3103/s1068335619090045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 284-288

Author(s):

S. N. Kotelnikov ◽

E. V. Stepanov

Keyword(s):

Ozone Decomposition ◽

Near Surface ◽

Surface Atmosphere ◽

Aqueous Aerosols

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High genetic diversity and variability of microbial communities in near-surface atmosphere of Crete island, Greece

Aerobiologia ◽

10.1007/s10453-020-09636-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 341-353

Author(s):

Paraskevi N. Polymenakou ◽

Manolis Mandalakis ◽

Michalis Macheras ◽

Anastasis Oulas ◽

Jon Bent Kristoffersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Near Surface ◽

Surface Atmosphere ◽

Crete Island

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Effects of shrub and tree cover increase on the near-surface atmosphere in northern Fennoscandia

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-14-4209-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 4209-4227 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Johanne H. Rydsaa ◽

Frode Stordal ◽

Anders Bryn ◽

Lena M. Tallaksen

Keyword(s):

Snow Cover ◽

Land Surface ◽

Wrf Model ◽

Tree Cover ◽

Atmospheric Response ◽

Study Region ◽

Near Surface ◽

Positive Feedbacks ◽

Surface Atmosphere ◽

Northern Fennoscandia

Abstract. Increased shrub and tree cover in high latitudes is a widely observed response to climate change that can lead to positive feedbacks to the regional climate. In this study we evaluate the sensitivity of the near-surface atmosphere to a potential increase in shrub and tree cover in the northern Fennoscandia region. We have applied the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the Noah-UA land surface module in evaluating biophysical effects of increased shrub cover on the near-surface atmosphere at a fine resolution (5.4 km  ×  5.4 km). Perturbation experiments are performed in which we prescribe a gradual increase in taller vegetation in the alpine shrub and tree cover according to empirically established bioclimatic zones within the study region. We focus on the spring and summer atmospheric response. To evaluate the sensitivity of the atmospheric response to inter-annual variability in climate, simulations were conducted for two contrasting years, one warm and one cold. We find that shrub and tree cover increase leads to a general increase in near-surface temperatures, with the highest influence seen during the snowmelt season and a more moderate effect during summer. We find that the warming effect is stronger in taller vegetation types, with more complex canopies leading to decreases in the surface albedo. Counteracting effects include increased evapotranspiration, which can lead to increased cloud cover, precipitation, and snow cover. We find that the strength of the atmospheric feedback is sensitive to snow cover variations and to a lesser extent to summer temperatures. Our results show that the positive feedback to high-latitude warming induced by increased shrub and tree cover is a robust feature across inter-annual differences in meteorological conditions and will likely play an important role in land–atmosphere feedback processes in the future.

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