scholarly journals Correction to: Deliberating or Stalling for Justice? Dynamics of Corporate Remediation and Victim Resistance Through the Lens of Parentalism: The Fundão dam Collapse and the Renova Foundation in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Maher
Keyword(s):  
Victim Resistance

Consequences of Expected and Observed Victim Resistance for Offender Violence during Robbery Events

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard ◽  
Wim Bernasco ◽  
Scott Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Victim Resistance

What leads victims to resist? Factors that influence victim resistance in sexual assaults

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-137
Author(s):  
Samantha Balemba ◽  
Eric Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Victim Resistance ◽  
Victim Vulnerability ◽  
Relevant Factors

PurposeVictim resistance has been shown to have an important impact on the outcome of sexual assaults. Thus, the factors that affect a victim’s likelihood of various levels of resistance are relevant to consider, given the possibly detrimental effect these actions can have on crime outcome. While not intended to blame the victim in any way, it is important to examine the role the victim plays within a sexually coercive interchange in order to completely understand the sex crime event and, thus, be able to inform potential victims as to the patterns that increase resistance and, potentially, overall violence. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachSequential logistic regression analyses were conducted on a sample of 613 sex offenses (incorporating both adult and child victims) to examine the individual and combined effects of offender lifestyle, disinhibitors, victim vulnerability, situational impediments and offender modus operandi on victim resistance levels.FindingsResults suggest that indicators of offender mindset are significant, particularly the use of pornography prior to the crime, and affect victim interpretation and response to the offender’s actions during the course of the assault. Other relevant factors include the victim’s age and the degree of violence present in the offender’s approach and subsequent offending strategies.Originality/valueThis information would be helpful to incorporate into victim education programs so that past and future potential victims can better understand the criminal event and the causes and effects of their own actions within that event.

Working toward Transgender Inclusion in the Movement to Address Intimate Partner Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 362-378
Author(s):  
Xavier L. Guadalupe-Diaz ◽  
Adam M. Messinger
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Medical Health Care ◽  
Medical Health ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Victim Resistance

As this book highlights, transgender intimate partner violence (T-IPV) is both a prevalent and impactful phenomenon, with unique causes, tactics, abuser rationalizations, victim resistance and coping strategies, and barriers to escape. Beyond detailing the nature of T-IPV, Transgender Intimate Partner Violence: A Comprehensive Introduction provides evidence-based insights for improving future research, mental and medical health-care provision, services by shelters and law enforcement, legal protections, prevention education, and provider training networks. This concluding chapter reviews the core lessons of the book and each of its chapters and discusses how we might work to address key gaps in research, service provision, and the law—and, ultimately, how we may build toward a safer tomorrow.

scholarly journals Reactions to Resistance: The Role of Contextual Factors in Sex Offending

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Balemba ◽  
Eric Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Child Victim ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interaction Detection ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interactionist Perspective ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Social Interactionist ◽  
Victim Resistance ◽  
Multiple Interactions

Upon encountering victim resistance during the commission of a sexual assault, an offender makes a decision as to how to react to the resistance via the use of varying degrees of coercive or noncoercive tactics. Exhaustive chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analyses were performed on a sample of 369 criminal events to detect the significant situational and crime-specific factors, the pertinent interactions between these factors, and how these affect an offender’s reaction to victim resistance depending on whether the victim is a child or an adult. Findings show that multiple interactions do occur and, moreover, factors affecting the offender’s reaction to victim resistance are very different depending on whether the victim is a child or an adult. Planning and preparation variables, such as the offender’s attack strategy, were found to be significant in the child victim model, whereas reactive variables, such as the type of victim resistance, were found to be significant in the adult victim model. The findings lend support to the social interactionist perspective and the importance of victim–offender dynamics.

scholarly journals High Stakes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain R. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Rational Analysis ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
High Reward ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Victim Resistance ◽  
Benefits And Costs

This chapter describes the contradictory roles that weapons play in offender decision making as mechanisms that can both increase the physical harm to a victim of violence and also reduce the need for physical harm in victims of robbery. Because weapons serve simultaneously offensive and defensive purposes, the way in which offenders carry and use weapons is subject to a complex decision-making process. This process is presented and interpreted from a rational perspective, incorporating an offender’s calculation of potential benefits and costs as well as the uncertainty of a victim’s response. A rational analysis of weapon carrying and use is presented along with research evidence suggesting that culture and availability are important influences on weapon of choice and weapon-related behavior. The chapter concludes with a review of the effectiveness of weapons in reducing victim resistance and retaliation showing that weapon use is a high-reward/high-cost activity.

Signature and Victim Resistance in Serial Rape

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Pahlavan ◽  
James E. Sexton ◽  
Jessica R. Gurley
Keyword(s):  
Serial Rape ◽  
Victim Resistance

Investigating the Self-Protective Potential of Immobility in Victims of Rape

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke A. de Heer ◽  
Lynn C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tonic Immobility ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Protective Behaviors ◽  
Federal Bureau ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Federal Bureau Of Investigation ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Victim Resistance

Using a nationwide sample of reported rape cases collected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI; 389 victims; 89% stranger rapes), this study investigates assumptions about self-protective behaviors for rape victims. Past research on victim resistance strategies often specifies active resistance as self-protective, inadvertently underestimating the potential for biologically based reactions, such as tonic immobility, to be self-protective as well. Results confirm that rape victims who were verbally and physically immobile during the attack were less likely to be injured and have force used against them. In addition, victims who were verbally immobile suffered a less severe attack. The results indicate that immobility may protect the victim from increased injury, force, and severity of the attack. Implications for the legal and public definition of consent are discussed.

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