scholarly journals Attributable human-induced changes in the magnitude of flooding in the Houston, Texas region during Hurricane Harvey

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wehner ◽  
Christopher Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Attribution Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Houston Area ◽  
Area And Volume

AbstractThe human influence on precipitation during tropical cyclones due to the global warming is now well documented in the literature. Several studies have found increases in Hurricane Harvey’s total precipitation over the Greater Houston area ranging from the Clausius-Clapeyron limit of 7% to as much as 38% locally. Here we use a hydraulic model to translate these attribution statements about precipitation to statements about the resultant flooding and associated damages. We find that while the attributable increase in the total volume of flood waters is the same as the attributable increase in precipitation, the attributable increase in the total area of the flood is less. However, we also find that in the most heavily flooded parts of Houston, the local attributable increases in flood area and volume are substantially larger than the increase in total precipitation. The results of this storyline attribution analysis of the Houston flood area are used to make an intuitive best estimate of the cost of Hurricane Harvey attributable to anthropogenic global warming as thirteen billion US dollars.

scholarly journals Occurrences of Wintertime Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific under the Background of Global Warming

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
He Jie-Lin ◽  
Guan Zhao-Yong ◽  
Qian Dai-Li ◽  
Wan Qi-Lin ◽  
Wang Li-Juan
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific

scholarly journals Summertime precipitation in Hokkaido and Kyushu, Japan in response to global warming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Takabatake ◽  
Masaru Inatsu
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Moisture Flux Convergence

Abstract We analyzed a large ensemble dataset called the database for Policy Decision Making for Future climate change (d4PDF), which contains 60-km resolution atmospheric general circulation model output and 20-km resolution dynamical downscaling for the Japanese domain. The increase in moisture and precipitation, and their global warming response in June–July–August were described focusing on the differences between Hokkaido and Kyushu. The results suggested that the specific humidity increased almost following the Clausius Clapeyron relation, but the change in stationary circulation suppressed the precipitation increase, except for in western Kyushu. The + 4 K climate in Hokkaido would be as hot and humid as the present climate in Kyushu. The circulation change related to the southward shift of the jet stream and an eastward shift of the Bonin high weakened the moisture flux convergence via a stationary field over central Japan including eastern Kyushu. The transient eddy activity counteracted the increase in humidity, so that the moisture flux convergence and precipitation did not change much over Hokkaido. Because the contribution of tropical cyclones to the total precipitation was at most 10%, the decrease in the number of tropical cyclones did not explain the predicted change in precipitation.

scholarly journals Global warming-induced changes in climate zones based on CMIP5 projections

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Belda ◽  
E Holtanová ◽  
J Kalvová ◽  
T Halenka
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Induced Changes

Tropical cyclone eyewall thunderstorms as a driver of upper tropospheric water vapor increases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Price ◽  
Tair Plotnik ◽  
Anirban Guha ◽  
Joydeb Saha`
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

<p>Tropical cyclones have been observed in recent years to be increasing in intensity due to global warming, and projections for the future are for further shifts to stronger tropical cyclones, while the changes in the number of storms is less certain in the future.  These storms have been shown to exhibit strong lightning activity in the eyewall and rainbands, and some studies (Price et al., 2009) showed that the lightning activity peaks before the maximum intensity of the tropical cyclones.  Now we have investigated the impact of these tropical storms on the upper tropospheric water vapor (UTWV) content.  Using the ERA5 reanalysis product from the ECMWF center, together with lightning data from the ENTLN network, we show that the lightning activity in tropical cyclones is closely linked to the increase in UTWV above these storms.  We find the maximum enhancement in UTWV occurs between the 100-300 mb pressure levels, with a lag of 0-2 days after the peak of the storm intensity (measured by the maximum sustained winds in the eyewall).  The lightning activity peaks before the storm reaches its maximum intensity, as found in previous studies.  The interest in UTWV concentrations is due to the strong positive feedback that exists between the amounts of UTWV and surface global warming.  Water Vapor is a strong greenhouse gas which is most efficient in trapping in longwave radiation emitted from the Earth in the upper troposphere.  Small changes in UTWV over time can result in strong surface warming.  If tropical cyclones increase in intensity in the future, this will likely result in increases in UTWV, reducing the natural cooling ability of the Earth.  Lightning may be a useful tool to monitor these changes.</p>

scholarly journals Estimating Adjustment Frictions Using Nonlinear Budget Sets: Method and Evidence from the Earnings Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Gelber ◽  
Damon Jones ◽  
Daniel W. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Adjustment Cost ◽  
Marginal Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Earnings Test ◽  
Social Security Earnings Test ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Induced Changes

We introduce a method for estimating the cost of adjusting earnings, as well as the earnings elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax share. Our method uses information on bunching in the earnings distribution at convex budget set kinks before and after policy-induced changes in the magnitude of the kinks: the larger is the adjustment cost, the smaller is the absolute change in bunching from before to after the policy change. In the context of the Social Security Earnings Test, our results demonstrate that the short-run impact of changes in the effective marginal tax rate can be substantially attenuated. (JEL H24, H31, H55, J22, J31)

scholarly journals The Cost of Using Global Warming Potentials: Analysing the Trade off Between CO2, CH4 and N2O

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. A. Johansson ◽  
U. Martin Persson ◽  
Christian Azar
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Global Warming Potentials ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
The Cost

Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 764 ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakshit Ameta ◽  
Shikha Panchal ◽  
Noopur Ameta ◽  
Suresh C. Ameta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Organic Fuels ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Alternate Fuels

World is facing problems of global warming as well as energy crisis. Both these problems can be solved to a reasonable extent by photoreduction of carbon dioxide. Here, photocatalysis enters the scene. Photocatalytic reduction to synthetic organic fuels like formaldehyde, methanol, formic acid, acetic acid, methane, etc. will provide a solution to the problem of energy crisis as it will give us alternate fuels, which can be burnt into fuel cells to generate electricity. Once we get electricity at the cost of carbon dioxide, one can convert this form of energy to any other form of energy. Secondly, it will give a solution to put a check on the increasing amount of carbon dioxide, which is the main culprit of global warming. Any conventional fuel on burring will add some molecules of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but synthetic fuels derived by photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide will not add even a single molecule of carbon dioxide in the environment. It can be considered as a short term loan of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as the carbon dioxide molecules utilized in the synthesis of alternate fuels are generated back on burning it in fuel cell.

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