Genetic estimates of immigration and emigration rates in relation to population density and forest patch area in Peromyscus leucopus

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1593-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine S. Anderson ◽  
Douglas B. Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Immigration And Emigration

Effect of forest patch area on population attributes of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in fragmented landscapes

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Nupp ◽  
Robert K. Swihart
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Fragmented Landscapes ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Forest Sites

We studied population densities, sex ratios, adult masses, reproductive activity, age structure, and over-summer recapture rates of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in 15 woodlots of various sizes and three continuous-forest sites to ascertain the effects of forest patch area on these population attributes. Our study was conducted in west-central Indiana during spring 1992 and 1993 and autumn 1992. Densities of white-footed mice were inversely related to forested area. A survey of previous studies conducted at similar latitudes revealed a similar pattern. Extremely high densities (up to 200 adults/ha) were found in small woodlots (< 0.5 ha). Mass of adult male mice also was inversely related to forest area, and a positive relationship between proportion of adult male mice and forest area was suggested. Ratios of juveniles to adults were positively related to forest area in autumn but not in spring. The proportion of sexually active individuals in the population was not related to forest area, nor were over-summer recapture rates. Our findings indicate that patch area can have dramatic effects on the structure and dynamics of populations of white-footed mice inhabiting fragmented landscapes.

scholarly journals The occurrence of the red‐handed howler monkey ( Alouatta belzebul ) in amazonian savannas is related to forest patch area and density of flooded area palms

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo M. Silvestre ◽  
Joanna M. Setchell ◽  
Bayron R. Calle‐Rendón ◽  
José J. Toledo ◽  
Renato R. Hilário
Keyword(s):  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Flooded Area

Bird responses to broad-leaved forest patch area in a plantation landscape across seasons

2009 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
pp. 2155-2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Yamaura ◽  
Susumu Ikeno ◽  
Makoto Sano ◽  
Kimiko Okabe ◽  
Kenichi Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Patch Area ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

Sublethal parasites in white-footed mice: impact on survival and reproduction

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Munger ◽  
William H. Karasov
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Bot Fly ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

The potential impact of two parasites on the population density of host white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) was assessed by measuring effects on survival and reproduction in field populations. Thirty-eight mice infected with larvae of the bot fly Cuterebra angustifrons had their larvae removed, another 41 mice remained infected, and 46 other mice were naturally uninfected during the experiment. No effect of bot larvae removal was detected on either survival (measured as attrition) or reproduction (measured as end of reproductive season). However, contrary to expectation, naturally infected mice had lower attrition and a marginally longer reproductive season than naturally uninfected mice. This latter result is probably an artifact, due to underlying differences between naturally infected and uninfected mice. Sixty-seven mice were experimentally infected with the tapeworm Hymenolepis citelli (64 mice were controls), but no effect was detected on attrition from the trappable population nor on the cessation of the reproductive season. Our results indicate that (i) these parasites are unlikely to have any effect on population density of white-footed mice, and (ii) it is potentially misleading to use "natural experiments" (comparison of naturally infected hosts with uninfected hosts) to study the impact of parasitic infection.

scholarly journals Stress level, parasite load, and movement pattern in a small-mammal reservoir host for Lyme disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gaitan ◽  
V. Millien
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Movement Rate ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Forest Patch

Occurrence of Lyme disease has increased rapidly in Canada in the past 5 years. The emergence of Lyme disease coincides with the range expansion of the primary host, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)), in the region. We evaluated the effects of stress level, parasite load, and forest-patch characteristics on P. leucopus movement pattern. We found negative relations between on the one hand the adrenal gland size, a proxy for stress level, and population density, and on the other hand, home-range area and movement rate of mouse individuals, suggesting that stressed mice cannot maintain a large home range. Population density was also related with excursion (outside the forest patch) and exploration (outside the home range) rates, either directly or through its effect on home-range area and movement rate. Finally, movement rate and excursion rate were lower in individuals infested with more black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821). Our results have implication for the mechanism of Lyme disease emergence in the region: individual hosts that carry more ticks and are thus more likely to be spreading the bacterium responsible for Lyme disease are dispersing less than tick-free individuals. Monitoring of Lyme disease should thus consider how the characteristics of host communities modulate the spread of the disease across the landscape.

Population regulation in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in a suboptimal habitat

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia V. Linzey ◽  
Michael H. Kesner
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Regulation ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Overwinter Survival ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Period Data ◽  
White Footed Mouse

A white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) population living in a suboptimal habitat was monitored weekly throughout the year over a 4-year period. Data obtained were used to examine the hypothesis that populations living in suboptimal habitats are not self-regulating. A total of 880 different mice were handled on 3023 occasions. Population density fluctuated on both a seasonal and an annual basis, and differences in demographic structure among years included shifts in predominance of subadults versus adults, proportion of the population composed of juveniles, survivorship of males, and reproductive effort. In general, the 2nd year was distinctive in that it was lower in density, dominated by subadults, had few juveniles, poor overwinter survival, and low reproductive effort. A phase space plot of density against proportion of females breeding indicated that reproductive effort was being regulated in response to density, suggesting that this suboptimal habitat population was self-regulating.

Physiological correlations of population density in the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) and the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Clulow ◽  
A. DesMarais ◽  
J. Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Eastern Chipmunk ◽  
Eastern Chipmunks ◽  
White Footed Mouse

Populations of various densities of eastern, chipmunks (Tamias striatus lysteri (Richardson) and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis (Fischer) were formed by the introduction of wild-trapped animals onto islands of different size on Heney (Little Whitefish) Lake, Quebec.The animals were subsequently recaptured and various indicators of adrenocortical activity, including levels of circulating eosinophils and plasma corticostcroids, were measured. The evidence indicated that activation of the adrenal cortex is directly correlated with population density in T. striatus but not in P. leucopus.The conclusions are discussed in relation to current theories on the regulation of mammalian population including J. J. Christian's hypothetical behavioural–physiological control mechanism.

scholarly journals Effects of Forest Regeneration on Crickets: Evaluating Environmental Drivers in a 300-Year Chronosequence

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neucir Szinwelski ◽  
Cassiano S. Rosa ◽  
José H. Schoereder ◽  
Carina M. Mews ◽  
Carlos F. Sperber
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Regeneration Time ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Litter Depth

We evaluated the relation of cricket species richness and composition with forest regeneration time, evaluating canopy and litter depth as environmental drivers. Effects of forest patch area, nearest distance to the 300-year patch, cricket abundance, sampling sufficiency, and nestedness were also evaluated. We collected 1174 individuals (five families, 19 species). Species richness increased asymptotically with regeneration time and linearly with canopy cover and litter depth. Canopy cover increased linearly, while litter depth increased asymptotically. Richness was not affected by patch area and nearest distance to the 300-year patch. Richness increased with cricket abundance, and this explanation could not be distinguished from regeneration time, evidencing collinearity of these two explanatory variables. Rarefaction curve slopes increased with regeneration time. Species composition differed among patches, with no nested pattern. We suggest that regeneration and consequent increases in canopy and litter promote recovery of cricket biodiversity, abundance, and changes in species composition. We conclude that the recovery of cricket diversity involves an increase along the spatial scale of complementarity, together with a change in species composition.

scholarly journals Changes in forest cover in Sudety Mountains during the last 250 years: patterns, drivers, and landscape-scale implications for nature conservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Henryk Szymura ◽  
Sandra Murak ◽  
Magdalena Szymura ◽  
Małgorzata Wiktoria Raduła
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Human Population Density ◽  
Ancient Forest

Historical ecology gives a reference point to explain the contemporary state of particular ecosystems as well as entire landscapes. In this study, we examined the quantitative changes in forest cover in the central part of the Sudety Massif (area ca. 1,120 km<sup>2</sup>) during the last 250 years. The information regarding forest patch distribution and its changes was derived by comparison of maps from 1747 and the 1970s drawn at scales of 1:33,000 and 1:25,000, respectively. To examine the effect of environmental variables (topography and soil conditions) and human population density on forest patch distribution and its changes (afforestation, deforestation), a set of 100 circular plots with a diameter of 1 km was established. The influence of explanatory variables was examined using regression tree methods. Changes at the level of the entire landscape were tested using a set of 25 landscape windows (5 × 5 km each). We found that the overall forest cover increased to 36.4% in the twentieth century from 30.4% in the middle of the eighteenth century. The ancient forests constituted 59% of the total forest area existing more recently. The forests in the eighteenth century occurred mostly on steep slopes, deep valley bottoms, and summits. The land relief explains more than half of the total variation in forest distribution (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.56). The effects of soil type and human population density were negligible. The contemporary forest pattern results from both land relief and the historical pattern of human population density in the middle of the eighteenth century (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.64), while the effect of soil type was negligible. The pattern of deforestation (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.53) and afforestation (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.36) results from both land relief as well as recent and nineteenth-century human population density. About 83% of the recent forest area is in physical contact with patches of the ancient forest, which provides an optimistic outlook for the migration of ancient forest species into new areas. Furthermore, changes in landscape structure reveal increased connectivity among forest patches, with potential benefits for the migration of forest species with long-range dispersal.

Effects of patch size on liana diversity and distributions in the tropical montane evergreen forests of the Nilgiri Mountains, southern India

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmalingam Mohandass ◽  
Alice C. Hughes ◽  
Mason Campbell ◽  
Priya Davidar
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
Forest Patch ◽  
Community Assemblage ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Compositional Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Abstract:We investigate the effect of patch size on liana diversity and distribution in 19 patches of montane evergreen forest in the Nilgiri hills, Western Ghats, southern India. Additionally, we examined how liana species richness and community assemblage in both edge (within 10 m of the forest edge) and interior regions of forest patches respond to patch size, in order to infer the impact of forest expansion or reduction on the liana communities. A total of 1276 woody liana individuals of 15 species were identified, belonging to 10 genera and nine families. Total species richness of lianas was significantly positively related to forest-patch area, both when analysed for the entire patch, in addition to both core and edge regions when examined separately. Species richness of larger lianas also showed a significant positive relationship with increasing forest patch area. Community assemblage varied with respect to forest edge, with shade-dependent species only occurring in interior patch regions, shade-averse species in edge regions, and shade-tolerant species occurring throughout. Disturbance also played a role in determining the response of liana diversity to patch size, with heavily disturbed patches showing no relationship between patch size and diversity, whereas positive relationships exist in low to moderately disturbed patches. The most significant result is the change in liana community composition between small and larger fragments. Many species present in smaller patches are also present in edge zones of larger fragments. This suggests that lianas are important structural components of montane forest ecosystems, and their compositional patterns are possibly driven by succession. Moreover, this study reveals the importance of edge effect and patch size in influencing liana species richness and compositional patterns.

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