scholarly journals A tale of two metrics: the EPA Risk Quotient Approach versus the delay in Population Growth Index for determination of pesticide risk to aquatic species

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Stark ◽  
John E. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Risk Quotient

scholarly journals A Tale of Two Metrics: The EPA Risk Quotient Approach versus the Delay in Population Growth Index for Determination of Pesticide Risk to Aquatic Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Stark ◽  
John E. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Dubia ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Risk Quotient ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Species Being

Abstract The risk that two closely related insecticides, spinetoram and spinosad, posed to three Cladoceran species, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia pulex, and D. magna was determined using two approaches, the USEPA Risk Quotient method and the Delay in Population Growth Index (DPGI). Results of the RQ method showed that spinetoram posed a risk to all three species, but spinosad posed a risk only to C. dubia. The DPGI analysis showed that exposure to spinetoram resulted in populations of all three species being delayed > 3 generation times. Exposure to the LC50 and the lower 95% CL resulted in delayed populations while exposure to the upper 95% CL concentration of spinetoram resulted in no recovery of any of the three species over the course of the modeling exercise (88 d). Exposure to the lower and upper 95% Cl and the LC50 of spinosad resulted in C. dubia populations being delayed > 3 generations. D. pulex populations were not negatively affected after exposure to spinosad. D. magna populations were delayed > 3 generations, but only after exposure to the upper 95% Cl of spinosad. These results illustrate that although the EPA risk quotient method indicated that spinetoram posed a risk to all three species and that spinosad only posed a risk to C. dubia, the DPGI showed that D. magna would be negatively affected by spinosad and none of the three species would recover after exposure to the upper 95% CL of spinetoram. Because the DPGI uses the 95% Cl as well as the LC50 in its calculation and produces a measure of population growth and recovery or lack thereof, it provides more detailed information in terms of the potential risk of pesticides to populations than the RQ method.

Population Change, Modernization and Welfare. By Joseph Spengler. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1974.

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Almost All

The book covers a wide field, touching on almost all aspects of popula¬tion change on a world-wide scale. It discusses, using world and country data, the relationships between demographic and socio-economic variables, and elaborates on" their relative importance in the determination of population problems which confront the world as a whole and nations individually. Policies designed to alleviate these problems are discussed with an emphasis on those related to population control. The first chapter is entitled "Population Growth: Past and Prospective" and reviews the various parameters associated with population change in the past and in the future. It touches upon the concept of a stable population in order to show the elements which cause a population to change (i.e. remove it from its stable condition). The main elements of change, population growth, migration, mortality and natality are discussed individually. The chapter is concluded by a description of the main differences in these elements and other socio-economic conditions as they exist in the less-developed and developed countries.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Residues of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, Florfenicol, and Florfenicol Amine in Farmed Aquatic Species by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M van de Riet ◽  
Ross A Potter ◽  
Melissa Christie-Fougere ◽  
B Garth Burns
Keyword(s):  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Aqueous Layer ◽  
Operational Errors ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Reversed Phase Lc

Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC)/mass spectrometric (MS) method was developed for determining the residues of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, and florfenicol amine in a number of aquatic species. The phenicols are extracted with acetone, the extracts are partitioned with dichloromethane, the aqueous layer is removed, and the organic layer is evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in dilute acid and defatted with hexane, and the aqueous layer is prepared for analysis by LC. The phenicols are determined by reversed-phase LC by using a Hypersil C18-BD column with a water–acetonitrile gradient and MS detection using selectedion recording. Calibration curves were linear for all analytes between 0.015 and 0.425 ng injected. The relative standard deviations for measurements by the proposed method were <10% for all of the analytes studied, with re-coveries ranging from 71% for florfenicol amine to 107% for florfenicol in salmon tissue spiked at the 2 ng/g level. Detection limits of 0.1 ng/g for florfenicol and chloramphenicol, 0.3 ng/g for thiamphenicol, and 1.0 ng/g for florfenicol amine are easily obtainable. The operational errors, interferences, and recoveries for spiked samples compare favorably with those obtained by established LC methodology. The proposed method is simple, rapid, and specific for monitoring residues of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, and florfenicol amine in a number of aquatic species.

Bionomics of Dytiscus alaskanus J. Balfour-Browne (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in a central Alberta lake

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1316-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Aiken ◽  
C. W. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
North America ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
North Central ◽  
Total Population Size

There are few studies of life history and population growth of large dytiscid beetles in North America. We sampled populations of Dytiscus alaskanus in a eutrophic lake in north central Alberta weekly in the summers of 1982 and 1983. Like many other temperate zone dytiscids, D. alaskanus has a univoltine life cycle. Dytiscus alaskanus prefers the area at the limit of emergent vegetation in the lake and is most often associated with shoreline vegetation of cattail and sedge. Populations of adult D. alaskanus are at a peak in the late spring and decline throughout the summer. Mark–recapture experiments allowed determination of total population size and monitoring of movement patterns in the lake. Data are discussed with reference to the relatively short summer with which these beetles must cope.

scholarly journals Ludność powiatu bialskiego w latach międzywojennych – wybrane aspekty analizy demograficznej

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Anna Madej ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Peripheral Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Demographic Potential

The Biała Podlaska poviat was almost at the geographical centre of the interwarperiod Second Polish Republic (1918–1939). However, its peripheral position in relation to other Districts of central voivodships resulted in a number of events and processes that were taking place at that time having a slightly different outmode in its territory. The article attempts to present selected aspects of the demographic structure to confront the extent to which the field of interest diverges from the neighbouring areas. Besides a determination of the population of the district, its structure was analysed in terms of age, gender, level of urbanization and structure of employment. Particularly valuable information was obtained through confrontation of data from the 1921 and 1931 censuses in terms of changes taking place among employment in fundamental branches of the economy. The period was also important for the urban population, which is one of the determinants of the level of modernity of society. Presentation of population growth the county and its characteristics in terms of age and gender provided information on the demographic potential of the analysed area. The analysis provided a number of interesting data sets, somewhat corroborating the varied character of the Biała Podlaska district. The information can be used for further research on the history of the district.

scholarly journals Importance Socioculturelle Des Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux Du Massif Forestier D’agoua Au Benin

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Wotto Alex ◽  
Gbaguidi Aholidji Humbert Ulrich ◽  
Vissoh Ahotondji Sylvain
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

The aim of this research is to analyze the socio-cultural importance of non-ligneous forest products (NWFPs) in the forest of Agoua, located in the department of Hills in Benin. This research led to an inventory of NWFPs and ethnobotanical surveys among 50 foresters, 62 NWFP resellers, 46 consumers and 12 phytotherapists. The data collected relate to the plant species used as NWFPs by populations living on the massif of Agoua, to endogenous knowledge and to the use values of NWFPs. Thus, 105 plant species distributed in 48 families have been inventoried within the forest massif of Agoua. The determination of the different categories of NWFP uses revealed that 61 (58.09%) of the total number of plant species surveyed were used in traditional medicine, 30 in food (28.57%), 28 for various domestic uses (26.57%), 8 for building materials (7.61%), 6 for packaging (5.71%) and 4 for coloring (3.8%). The organs taken by the populations vary from one species to another and according to the use they make of them. In fact, it is the leaves, fruits, barks, flowers and roots that are used by the populations bordering the forest of Agoua. The excessive exploitation of NWFPs by the populations bordering on the Agoua forest is the cause of the decline and disappearance of these plant species with a high genetic and socio-cultural potential. The aggravation of this phenomenon with population growth may be detrimental to the sustainability of this forest ecosystem. In order to reduce the effects of such use, it is necessary to implement methods and collection rates that respect the sustainability of these resources.

scholarly journals CLIMEX and MED-FOES Models for Predicting the Variability in Growth Potential and Persistence of Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Anna M Szyniszewska ◽  
Norman C Leppla ◽  
Nicholas C Manoukis ◽  
Travis C Collier ◽  
John M Hastings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
Management Interventions

Abstract CLIMEX and MED-FOES models integrate climate and data on Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), biology and use it to define the environmental suitability for the pest at specific geographical locations. CLIMEX calculates growth indices as indicators of conditions that are suitable for medfly population growth. MED-FOES incorporates additional information on pest management interventions to simulate the process and timing of medfly eradication. CLIMEX simulations of climatic suitability in California and Florida indicated that the most favorable periods for medfly population growth are March through May and October through November, whereas the environment would be especially stressful during the summer months, except when irrigation is applied. With irrigation, California is highly suitable for medfly population growth during the summer months. Due to cool temperatures, medfly populations are likely to decline significantly in January through February in Los Angeles, Tampa, and Miami, and probably not survive in San Francisco. According to MED-FOES simulations, it possibly would take longer to eradicate medfly from California than Florida, particularly if the incursions are initiated in the summer months. Medfly annual growth indices for the ENSO La Niña years are relatively low for San Francisco and Los Angeles but above neutral for Tampa and very high for Miami. During the El Niño phase, the growth index remains unchanged for San Francisco, increases for Los Angeles, and decreases for Tampa and Miami. CLIMEX and MED-FOES models are useful for informing plans to manage invasion threats from medfly and other invasive insects.

How temperature influences muscle and cuttlebone growth in juvenile cuttlefish (Sepia elliptica) (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) under conditions of food stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1855-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Martínez ◽  
Vera Bettencourt ◽  
Ángel Guerra ◽  
Natalie A Moltschaniwskyj
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Food Stress ◽  
Food Concentrations ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature

Environmental factors influencing growth during the first stages of an animal's life cycle are determinative. External factors have often been implicated in the determination of rates of development of teleost larvae; however, the first stages of development of cephalopods remain poorly studied. In view of the fact that previous studies had shown that temperature is an important factor affecting cephalopod growth, particularly at high food concentrations, in this study the effect of temperature under conditions of non-satiation were investigated. A food-stress experiment was carried out for 75 days on 80 juvenile cuttlefish (Sepia elliptica) reared under two temperatures (25 and 30°C) and two food rations of glass shrimps Acetes sibogae australis at high and low proportions (2:1, respectively). We examined the effect of temperature and feeding regime on the growth of the whole animal, cuttlebone, and muscle tissue. Mantle-muscle blocks were 15% larger at 30°C than at 25°C, with the greatest difference in the middle mantle region (21% more at 30°C), whereas cuttlebone and somatic growth varied when the combination that included either the higher temperature or the higher food ration was used. Thus, at 30°C under the low feeding regime, final dorsal mantle length (DML) and cuttlebone growth index (CGI) were higher; however, at 25°C, final DML, CGI, and survivorship increased under the higher feeding regime. It was concluded that food scarcity may exaggerate the effect of small temperature differences. The results are discussed in the light of previous findings on the growth of other cuttlefish species, cephalopods, and teleosts.

scholarly journals Modelagem otimizada de indicadores biológicos de qualidade da água

Revista DAE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (68) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Gabriel da Costa Cantos Jerônimo ◽  
Luiz Felipe Ramos Turci ◽  
Paulo Augusto Zaitune Pamplin ◽  
Patrícia Neves Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Nonlinear Growth ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Selection Of

Resumo 27/06/2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36659 /dae.2020.011 Turci, L. F. R Pamplin, P. A. Z https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-0963 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7318-9121 O estudo de plantas aquáticas (macrófitas) é importante, uma vez que essas plantas apresentam potencial de utilização em estudos de ecotoxicologia, como bioindicadores no tratamento de águas residuárias. A mode- lagem criteriosa do crescimento dessas plantas, especificamente a Lemna minor, é útil na determinação das condições de otimização dessas aplicações; assim, deseja-se sempre obter o modelo que melhor represente a dinâmica de crescimento populacional da planta em estudo. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma metodologia de ajuste e seleção de modelos de crescimento não lineares com base em indicadores estatísticos que servem como avaliadores de qualidade dos modelos. Para ilustrar o uso da metodologia, foi feito o cultivo de Lemna minor em meio Steinberg e foram ajustados três modelos aos dados médios de crescimento de suas frondes, selecionando o modelo Logístico como o melhor. Palavras-chave: Modelo de crescimento populacional. Avaliadores de qualidade. Lemna minor. Abstract The study of aquatic plants (macrophytes) is important since such plants present a potential utilization in ecotoxi- cology as bioindicators, as well in wastewater treatment. The criterious growth modelling of such plants, specifically Lemna minor, is useful for the determination of the optimal conditions of mentionedin applications - so one always looks for the best model that represents the dynamic of population growth of the plant in study. This work presents a methodology of adjustment and selection of nonlinear growth models based on statistical indicators, which work as quality evaluators for the models. To illustrate this methodology, Lemna minor was grown in Steinberg environ- ment, and three models were fitted to the fronds growth data, the Logistic model was selected as the best model. Keywords: Population growth model. Quality evaluators. Lemna minor.

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