Determination and mapping of the spatial distribution of cesium-137 in the terrestrial environment of Greece, over a period of 28 years (1998 to 2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sotiropoulou ◽  
Georgia Mavrokefalou ◽  
Heleny Florou ◽  
Panayotis Kritidis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Of Greece

scholarly journals MAPPING OF CODA ATTENUATION AT THE EXTEND OF THE NATIONAL SEISMOLOGICAL NETWORK OF GREECE

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
I. Baskoutas ◽  
M. Herraiz ◽  
A. C. Perez ◽  
I. Kalogeras ◽  
G. Panopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
National Observatory ◽  
Athens Earthquake ◽  
Back Scattering ◽  
Coda Attenuation ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Seismographic Network ◽  
Seismological Network

Coda decay rates of 538 vertical components corresponding to local earthquakes which occurred in Greece during the period 1998 to 1999 were used to deduce the coda quality factor (Qc) characteristics in the Hellenic area. The seismograms have been selected from a broader sample of 776 records obtained at 8 stations of the National Seismographic Network operated by the Institute of Geodynamics of the National Observatory of Athens. Earthquake magnitudes range from 2.5 to 4.0; epicentral distances and depths are smaller than 100 km and 40 km, respectively. Using the Single Back Scattering model, the dependence of Qc on frequencies between 1 and 10 Hz has been investigated at each station and the usual Qc =Qo f relationships have been deduced. The spatial distribution of Qo has been drawn using waves that sample approximately equivalent ellipsoidal volumes with semiminor axis up to 100 km. The corresponding map shows a decreasing trend in SN direction.

scholarly journals The Strategic Needs Necessary for Sustainable Marine Ecology Horizon 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Reddy ◽  
Arvind Mukundan
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
The World

The diminishing condition of the marine ecology worldwide, is corroboration to a weak planning of coastal and ocean ecosystems. Therefore, a comprehensive knowledge of the spatial distribution of all the sustainable activities is necessary. Spatial planning is a necessity in many parts of the world for terrestrial environment usage. A Marine Spatial Planning is also based on the same foundation principles as terrestrial planning but with regard to the marine ecosystem. An MSP identifies the important areas of the ocean and puts forward a plan that is sustainable and accepted in harmony. This strategy does not harm the biodiversity in any way and the stakeholders can still use the resources of the ocean without destruction. This article discusses the extremities caused by global warming, anthropological threats that are in need of utmost attention and spatial planning along with its aims, importance and its benefits. Finally, it summarizes with examples from the past and provides with the steps that need to be taken in case an obstacle arises.

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Distribution of cesium-137 in uncultivated Black Chernozemic landscapes

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Pennock ◽  
D. W. Anderson ◽  
E. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Soil Redistribution ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
The Mean

The spatial distribution of cesium-137 was examined at two uncultivated sites in the Black soil zone of Saskatchewan. Although considerable variability occurred at both sites, the variability was not systematically related to landscape position. Between 9 and 16 samples need to be taken from uncultivated grassland sites to reliably estimate the mean 137Cs concentration at such sites. Key words: Cesium, soil redistribution, landscape

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

SEM evaluation of the TEM cold-stage double-film specimen

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Jayesh Bellare
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Liquid Sample ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Film Specimen

Seeing is believing, but only after the sample preparation technique has received a systematic study and a full record is made of the treatment the sample gets.For microstructured liquids and suspensions, fast-freeze thermal fixation and cold-stage microscopy is perhaps the least artifact-laden technique. In the double-film specimen preparation technique, a layer of liquid sample is trapped between 100- and 400-mesh polymer (polyimide, PI) coated grids. Blotting against filter paper drains excess liquid and provides a thin specimen, which is fast-frozen by plunging into liquid nitrogen. This frozen sandwich (Fig. 1) is mounted in a cooling holder and viewed in TEM.Though extremely promising for visualization of liquid microstructures, this double-film technique suffers from a) ireproducibility and nonuniformity of sample thickness, b) low yield of imageable grid squares and c) nonuniform spatial distribution of particulates, which results in fewer being imaged.

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