Potential evaluation of biogas production through the exploitation of naturally growing freshwater macroalgae Spirogyra varians

Natural gas is a source of energy that comes from the earth which is depleting every day, an alternative source of energy is needed and one of the sources comes from biogas. There is an abundance of empty fruit bunch (EFB) that comes from palm oil plantation that can become a substrate for biogas production. A methodology of fermentation based on Verein Deutscher Ingenieure was used to utilize EFB as a substrate to produce biogas using biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum in wet fermentation process under mesophilic condition. Another optimization was done by adding a different water ratio to the inoculum mixture. In 20 days, an average of 6gr from 150gr of total EFB used in each sample was consumed by the microbes. The best result from 20 days of experiment with both biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum were the one added with 150gr of water that produced 2910ml and 2185ml of gas respectively. The highest CH 4 produced achieved from biogas sludge and wastewater sludge with an addition of 150gr of water to the inoculum were 27% and 22% CH 4 respectively. This shows that biogas sludge is better in term of volume of gas that is produced and CH percentage.

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АКСІОПСИХОЛОГІЧНЕ ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ: ПРОФІЛЬ АНАЛІЗУ ПРОБЛЕМИ

Psychology of Personality ◽

10.15330/ps.7.1.151-169 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 151-169

Author(s):

Інеса Гуляс

Keyword(s):

Personality Development ◽

Self Development ◽

Potential Evaluation ◽

New Formation

У статті узагальнено, систематизовано й теоретично осмислено комплекс підходів, пов’язаних з вивченням аксіопсихологічного проектування особистості. Зроблено спробу визначення досліджуваного феномена, під яким авторка розуміє особистісне новоутворення, що обумовлює ефективність саморозвитку як фактору досягнення акме та самоздійснення і є підґрунтям для створення цінностей. Виокремлено критерії та показники аксіопсихологічного проектування особистості. Зроблено припущення, що рівень розвитку в особистості аксіопсихологічного проектування є своєрідним індикатором її психічного й особистісного розвитку. Зазначено, що ціннісне проектування як свідоме використання особистого потенціалу забезпечує оцінювання бажань та можливостей їх реалізації, здібностей і докладених вольових зусиль. Загалом, аксіопсихологічне проектування визначається певною стійкістю, детермінуючи стратегію і тактику цілепокладання в процесі самоздійснення і самоактуалізації особистості. In the article generalized, it is systematized and the complex of the approaches related to the study of the axiopsychological planning of personality is intelligent in theory. The attempt of determination of investigated phenomenon is done, under that an author understands personality new formation that stipulates efficiency of self-development as to the factor of achievement of аkmе and self-realization and is soil for creation of values. Criteria and indexes of the axiopsychological planning of personality are distinguished. Supposition is done, that a level of development in personality of the axiopsychological planning is an original indicator her psychical and personality development. It is marked that the valued planning as provides the conscious use of the personal potential evaluation of desires and possibilities of their realization, capabilities and attached conations. On the whole, the axiopsychological planning is determined by certain firmness, determining strategy and tactics of purposes to put in the process of self-realization and self-actualizations of personality.

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Preliminary results of the optimization of biogas production at the biogas station of the national research institute of animal production in Grodziec Sląski – Kostkowice

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp2.03.026 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

K. Węglarzy ◽

Yu. Shliva ◽

B. Matros ◽

G. Sych

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Organic Mass ◽

National Research Institute ◽

Digestion Process ◽

By Products

Aim. To optimize the methane digestion process while using different recipes of substrate components of ag- ricultural origin. Methods. The chemical composition of separate components of the substrate of agricultural by-products, industrial wastes, fats of the agrorefi nery and corn silage was studied. Dry (organic) mass, crude protein (fat) fi ber, loose ash, nitrogen-free exhaust were estimated in the components and the productivity of biogas was determined along with the methane content. These data were used as a basis for daily recipes of the substrate and the analysis of biogas production at the biogas station in Kostkowice. Results. The application of by-products of agricultural production solves the problem of their storage on boards and in open containers, which reduces investment costs, related to the installation of units for their storage. Conclusions. The return on investment for obtaining electric energy out of agricultural biogas depends considerably on the kind of the substrate used and on technological and market conditions.

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BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE CONCENTRATED DISTILLERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE) ◽

10.15518/isjaee.2018.25-30.051-059 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Golub ◽

M. Potapova ◽

M. Shinkarchuk ◽

O. Kozlovets

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ph Value ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Methane Formation ◽

Maximum Output ◽

Processing Technologies ◽

Spent Wash ◽

Distillery Spent Wash

The paper deals with the waste disposal problem of the alcohol industry caused by the widespread use of alcohol as biofuels. In the technology for the production of alcohol from cereal crops, a distillery spent wash (DSW) is formed (per 1 dm3 of alcohol – 10–20 dm3 DSW), which refers to highly concentrated wastewater, the COD value reaches 40 g O2/dm3. Since the existing physical and chemical methods of its processing are not cost-effective, the researchers develop the processing technologies for its utilization, for example, an anaerobic digestion. Apart from the purification of highly concentrated wastewater, the advantage of this method is the production of biogas and highquality fertilizer. The problems of biotechnology for biogas production from the distillery spent wash are its high acidity–pH 3.7–5.0 (the optimum pH value for the methanogenesis process is 6.8–7.4) and low nitrogen content, the lack of which inhibits the development of the association of microorganisms. In order to solve these problems, additional raw materials of various origins (chemical compounds, spent anaerobic sludge, waste from livestock farms, etc.) are used. The purpose of this work is to determine the appropriate ratio of the fermentable mixture components: cosubstrate, distillery spent wash and wastewater of the plant for co-fermentation to produce an energy carrier (biogas) and effective wastewater treatment of the distillery. In order to ensure the optimal pH for methanogenesis, poultry manure has been used as a co-substrate. The co-fermentation process of DSW with manure has been carried out at dry matter ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7 respectively. It is found that when the concentration of manure in the mixture is insufficient (DSW/manure – 1:1, 1:3), the pH value decreases during fermentation which negatively affects methane formation; when the concentration of manure in the mixture is increased (DSW/manure – 1:5, 1:7), the process is characterized by a high yield of biogas and methane content. The maximum output of biogas with a methane concentration of 70 ± 2% is observed at the ratio of components on a dry matter “wastewater: DSW: manure” – 0,2:1:7 respectively. The COD reduction reaches a 70% when using co-fermentation with the combination of components “wastewater: DSW: manure” (0,3:1:5) respectively.

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Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.57.2009.2.3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 119-125

Author(s):

G. Hadi

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Matter Content ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

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