Potential of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch as Biogas Substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Vincentius Vincentius ◽  
Evita H. Legowo ◽  
Irvan S. Kartawiria
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Wet Fermentation ◽  
Water Ratio

Natural gas is a source of energy that comes from the earth which is depleting every day, an alternative source of energy is needed and one of the sources comes from biogas. There is an abundance of empty fruit bunch (EFB) that comes from palm oil plantation that can become a substrate for biogas production. A methodology of fermentation based on Verein Deutscher Ingenieure was used to utilize EFB as a substrate to produce biogas using biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum in wet fermentation process under mesophilic condition. Another optimization was done by adding a different water ratio to the inoculum mixture. In 20 days, an average of 6gr from 150gr of total EFB used in each sample was consumed by the microbes. The best result from 20 days of experiment with both biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum were the one added with 150gr of water that produced 2910ml and 2185ml of gas respectively. The highest CH 4 produced achieved from biogas sludge and wastewater sludge with an addition of 150gr of water to the inoculum were 27% and 22% CH 4 respectively. This shows that biogas sludge is better in term of volume of gas that is produced and CH percentage.

scholarly journals The Potential of the Biodigester as a Useful Tool in Coffee Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6884
Author(s):  
Mauricio Hernández-Sarabia ◽  
Juan Sierra-Silva ◽  
Liliana Delgadillo-Mirquez ◽  
Julián Ávila-Navarro ◽  
Laura Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Wet Fermentation ◽  
Potential Tool

Coffee is a highly productive agricultural product in the department of Tolima. The wet fermentation process of coffee generates about 80% of the waste, which is highly contaminated with organic matter that pollutes water sources, so anaerobic co-digestion techniques are implemented in coffee wastewater using Taiwan type biodigesters. According to the study of three biodigesters fed with coffee waste and animal manure, the aim is to show their potential application in coffee farms. These biodigesters generated a biogas production with CH4 concentrations between 49.1% ± 4.6 and 58.1% ± 2.4 in volume, in addition to the benefit of the biol used as fertilizer in the crops. The biogas produced can be used for cooking and can save around USD 40.17 in natural gas. Therefore, the biodigester is a potential tool to mitigate the harmful effects of coffee cultivation on the surrounding ecosystem and can project coffee production in a sustainable direction.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Cacing Tanah Pheretima hupiensis, Edrellus sp. dan Lumbricus sp. dalam Proses Dekomposisi Bahan Organik

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Ea Kosman Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Organic Matter Decomposition ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
The One

The earthworms are the one of soil fauna component in soil ecosystem have an important role in organic matter decomposition procces. The earthworm feed plant leaf and plant matter up to apart and dissolved. Earthworm metabolisms produce like faeces that mixed with decomposed organic matter mean vermicompost. The vermicompost fertility varies because of some kind of earthworm differ in "niche" and attitude. The experiment was to study the effectivity of earthworm on organic matter decomposition which has been conducted in Soil Biological and Healthy Laboratory and Green House of Soil Research Institute Bogor, during 2006 Budget Year. The three kind of earthworms i.e Pheretima hupiensis, Lumbricus sp. and Eudrellus sp. combined with three kind of organic matter sources i.e rice straw, trash and palm oil plant waste (compost heap). The result shows that the Lumbricus sp. are the most effective decomposer compared to Pheretima hupiensis and Eudrellus sp. and the organic matter decomposed by Lumbricus sp. as followed: market waste was decomposed of 100%, palm oil empty fruit bunch (compost heap) 95.8 % and rice straw 84.9%, respectively. Earthworm effectively decreased Fe, Al, Mn, Cu dan Zn.

scholarly journals Enhanced Biogas Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Supplemented with Untreated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Biomass with a Change in the Microbial Community

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Amiruddin Mohd ALI ◽  
Mohd Huzairi Mohd ZAINUDIN ◽  
Azni IDRIS ◽  
Azhari Samsu BAHARUDDIN ◽  
Alawi SULAIMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

scholarly journals Analysis of Potential Biogas Production from a Mixture of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Cow Dung

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 04031
Author(s):  
Tiyo Agung Pambudi ◽  
Hadiyanto ◽  
Sri Widodo Agung Suedy
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

POME or palm oil mill effluent is currently still a waste problem that has not been utilized optimally. POME waste has the potential for renewable energy in the form of biogas, but some research results have shown that production is not optimal, so the addition of cow dung needs to be done to increase biogas production because methanogen bacteria found in cow dung help to maximize the anaerobic fermentation process and methane production. This research was conducted to determine the potential for biogas production from a mixture of POME and cow dung for 25 days by conducting a study of the biogas production process. The results of this study indicate that the biogas pressure increases with the addition of the loading rate, which is 101.102 N/m2/day to 101.107 N/m2/day with a daily biogas production of 0, 24247 liters/day with a total accumulation of biogas production for 25 days of 6.1 liters.

MODELING OF BATCH AND CONTINUOUS ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT: THE EFFECT OF WASTEWATER-SLUDGE RATIO

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hathaikarn Thongpan ◽  
Rachadaporn Thongnan ◽  
Nirattisai Rakmak ◽  
Chairat Siripatana
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

In this work, both models for batch and continuous anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent were developed based on Monod’s kinetics. Then the authors attempt to understand the effect of wastewater-sludge (WW:S) ratio on the biogas production efficiency in batch digesters. The experiments were carried out at a controlled temperature of 35±0.5 °C. Two series of the experiment were conducted. In the first series, the wastewater-sludge ratios covered 1:1 (add sodium bi-carbonate), 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. It was found that the ratio of 1:2 gave the highest biogas producing efficiency followed by the ratio 1:1 (add sodium bi-carbonate). At 1:1 ratio, sodium bi-carbonate addition was required to start anaerobic digestion at a workable pH range whereas at 1:2 ratio the initial pH is in the workable range without the need of its addition. However, at the ratio of 2:1 the starting pH was too low to adjust pH economically by adding sodium bi-carbonate. The second series was to confine experiments to a narrower ratio range, namely: 1:1 (add sodium bi-carbonate), 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5. In both sets of experiment, the ratio 1:2 gave the best biogas production potential of 76.62 and 78.52 ml of biogas/g COD removed respectively. In all treatments, the process was able to remove more than 80% of wastewater initial COD. The modified Gompertz equation was used to estimate the maximum specific biogas production rate (MBPR or Rm/S0). It was also found that the ratio of 1:2 gave the best MBPR in both experimental series (26.87 ml biogas/g COD-day). A modified Monod-type Model was also developed to describe the microbial growth, substrate consumption and biogas production in continuous operation. In general, sludge recycle provided active biomass which can use the substrate in the wastewater instantly without significant lag phase or delay. Furthermore, continuous-flow model developed, with parameters estimated from batch experiments, predicted the experimental kinetics of the actual continuous experiments satisfactory.  

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Global Warming and Its Multiple Causes

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romdhane Ben Slama
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Heat Released ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

The global warming which preoccupies humanity, is still considered to be linked to a single cause which is the emission of greenhouse gases, CO2 in particular. In this article, we try to show that, on the one hand, the greenhouse effect (the radiative imprisonment to use the scientific term) took place in conjunction with the infrared radiation emitted by the earth. The surplus of CO2 due to the combustion of fossil fuels, but also the surplus of infrared emissions from artificialized soils contribute together or each separately,  to the imbalance of the natural greenhouse effect and the trend of global warming. In addition, another actor acting directly and instantaneously on the warming of the ambient air is the heat released by fossil fuels estimated at 17415.1010 kWh / year inducing a rise in temperature of 0.122 ° C, or 12.2 ° C / century.

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