Genetic data reveal fine-scale ecological segregation between larval plethodontid salamanders in replicate contact zones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd W. Pierson ◽  
Benjamin M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Carlos D. Camp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Data ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Ecological Segregation ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders

scholarly journals Distribution and ecological segregation on regional and microgeographic scales of the diploidCentaurea asperaL., the tetraploidC. seridisL., and their triploid hybrids (Compositae)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Garmendia ◽  
Hugo Merle ◽  
Pablo Ruiz ◽  
Maria Ferriol
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Sympatric Cytotypes

Although polyploidy is considered a ubiquitous process in plants, the establishment of new polyploid species may be hindered by ecological competition with parental diploid taxa. In such cases, the adaptive processes that result in the ecological divergence of diploids and polyploids can lead to their co-existence. In contrast, non-adaptive processes can lead to the co-existence of diploids and polyploids or to differentiated distributions, particularly when the minority cytotype disadvantage effect comes into play. Although large-scale studies of cytotype distributions have been widely conducted, the segregation of sympatric cytotypes on fine scales has been poorly studied. We analysed the spatial distribution and ecological requirements of the tetraploidCentaurea seridisand the diploidCentaurea asperain east Spain on a large scale, and also microspatially in contact zones where both species hybridise and give rise to sterile triploid hybrids. On the fine scale, the position of eachCentaureaindividual was recorded along with soil parameters, accompanying species cover and plant richness. On the east Spanish coast, a slight latitudinal gradient was found. TetraploidC. seridisindividuals were located northerly and diploidC. asperaindividuals southerly. Tetraploids were found only in the habitats with strong anthropogenic disturbance. In disturbed locations with well-developed semi-fixed or fixed dunes, diploids and tetraploids could co-exist and hybridise. However, on a fine scale, although taxa were spatially segregated in contact zones, they were not ecologically differentiated. This finding suggests the existence of non-adaptive processes that have led to their co-existence. Triploid hybrids were closer to diploid allogamous mothers (C. aspera) than to tetraploid autogamous fathers (C. seridis). This may result in a better ability to compete for space in the tetraploid minor cytotype, which might facilitate its long-term persistence.

scholarly journals The distributions of the six species constituting the smooth newt species complex (Lissotriton vulgaris sensu lato and L. montandoni) – an addition to the New Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Wielstra ◽  
Daniele Canestrelli ◽  
Milena Cvijanović ◽  
Mathieu Denoël ◽  
Anna Fijarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Smooth Newt ◽  
Lissotriton Vulgaris ◽  
Constituent Species ◽  
Distribution Ranges

Abstract The ‘smooth newt’, the taxon traditionally referred to as Lissotriton vulgaris, consists of multiple morphologically distinct taxa. Given the uncertainty concerning the validity and rank of these taxa, L. vulgaris sensu lato has often been treated as a single, polytypic species. A recent study, driven by genetic data, proposed to recognize five species, L. graecus, L. kosswigi, L. lantzi, L. schmidtleri and a more restricted L. vulgaris. The Carpathian newt L. montandoni was confirmed to be a closely related sister species. We propose to refer to this collective of six Lissotriton species as the smooth newt or Lissotriton vulgaris species complex. Guided by comprehensive genomic data from throughout the range of the smooth newt species complex we 1) delineate the distribution ranges, 2) provide a distribution database, and 3) produce distribution maps according to the format of the New Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe, for the six constituent species. This allows us to 4) highlight regions where more research is needed to determine the position of contact zones.

The distribution and biogeography of slow worms (Anguis, Squamata) across the Western Palearctic, with an emphasis on secondary contact zones

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Daniel Jablonski ◽  
Neftalí Sillero ◽  
Oleksandra Oskyrko ◽  
Adriana Bellati ◽  
Andris Čeirāns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Southern Balkans

Abstract The slow-worm lizards (Anguis) comprise five species occurring throughout most of the Western Palearctic. Although these species are relatively uniform morphologically – with the exception of A. cephallonica, which exhibits a quite unique morphology – they are genetically deeply divergent. Here, we provide detailed distribution maps for each species and discuss their biogeography and conservation based on updated genetic data and a robust distribution database. We pay particular attention to the so called ‘grey zone’, which typically represents secondary contact zones and in some cases confirmed or presumed hybrid zones. Four of the five species live in parapatry, while only two species, A. cephallonica and A. graeca from the southern Balkans occur in partial sympatry. Further research should focus on the eco-evolutionary interactions between species in contact, including their hybridization rates, to reveal deeper details of the slow-worm evolutionary and natural history.

scholarly journals The spatio-ecological segregation of different cytotypes of Oxalis obtusa (Oxalidaceae) in contact zones

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krejčíková ◽  
R. Sudová ◽  
K. Oberlander ◽  
L.L. Dreyer ◽  
J. Suda
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zones ◽  
Ecological Segregation

The distribution of the crested and marbled newt species (Amphibia: Salamandridae: Triturus) – an addition to the New Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Wielstra ◽  
Neftalí Sillero ◽  
Judit Vörös ◽  
Jan W. Arntzen
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Grid Resolution ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
The Individual

In the recently published New Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe (Sillero et al., 2014a), the distribution of the newt genusTrituruswas not resolved at the level of the species. The main reason for this was the lack of high quality distribution data from in and around the parapatric contact zones between species, where interspecific hybridization occurs. We are working extensively onTriturusand the (particularly genetic) data we have accumulated allow us to map the individualTriturusspecies at the appropriate scale. We here provide a database composed of distribution data for the individual species, at generally high resolution, particularly from in and around contact zones. Based on this database we produce maps at the 50 × 50 km UTM grid resolution as used in the new atlas and highlight those grid cells in which more than oneTriturusspecies occurs.

scholarly journals Influence of Spatiotemporal Dynamics on the Fine-Scale Spatial Genetic Structure of Differently Managed Picea abies Stands

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Piotti ◽  
Matteo Garbarino ◽  
Camilla Avanzi ◽  
Roberta Berretti ◽  
Renzo Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Fine Scale

The tandem analysis of dendrochronological and genetic data is piquing forest ecologists’ interest and represents a promising approach for studying the temporal development of genetic structure in forest tree populations. Such multidisciplinary approach can help elucidate to what extent different management practices have impacted the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of forest stands through time. In this study, we jointly analysed spatial, age and genetic data from three differently managed Norway spruce permanent plots to assess: (1) possible differences among plots in the spatial distribution of individuals and their genetic structure due to different management practices, and (2) whether modifications in the age structure influenced the fine-scale spatial genetic structure within each permanent plot. With these aims, we genetically characterized at five nuclear microsatellite markers a large subset (328) of all the trees for which spatial and age data were collected (1472). We found that different management practices determined a similar spatial structure in terms of trees’ ages (r < 25 m in all plots) and neutral genetic diversity (Sp ranging from 0.002 to 0.004). Hot spots and cold spots of trees’ age were not statistically different in terms of genetic diversity, and trees’ age was not statistically different among the genetic clusters detected. On the other hand, the spatial distribution of individuals was significantly clustered up to 22 m only in the wooded pasture plot. Our main findings show that forest land use and management can indeed determine markedly different spatial layouts of Norway spruce individuals but do not produce strong distortions in the spatial structure of age and genetic parameters.

scholarly journals Within-household clustering of genetically related Plasmodium falciparum infections in a moderate transmission area of Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Briggs ◽  
Alison Kuchta ◽  
Max Murphy ◽  
Sofonias Tessema ◽  
Emmanuel Arinaitwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Evaluation of genetic relatedness of malaria parasites is a useful tool for understanding transmission patterns, but patterns are not easily detectable in areas with moderate to high malaria transmission. To evaluate the feasibility of detecting genetic relatedness in a moderate malaria transmission setting, relatedness of Plasmodium falciparum infections was measured in cohort participants from randomly selected households in the Kihihi sub-county of Uganda (annual entomological inoculation rate of 27 infectious bites per person). Methods All infections detected via microscopy or Plasmodium-specific loop mediated isothermal amplification from passive and active case detection during August 2011-March 2012 were genotyped at 26 microsatellite loci, providing data for 349 samples from 230 participants living in 80 households. Pairwise genetic relatedness was calculated using identity by state (IBS).Results As expected, genetic diversity was high (mean heterozygosity [He]=0.73), and the majority (76.5%) of samples were polyclonal. Despite the high genetic diversity, fine-scale population structure was detectable, with significant spatiotemporal clustering of highly related infections. Although the difference in malaria incidence between households at higher (mean 1127 metres) versus lower elevation (mean 1015 metres) was modest (1.4 malaria cases per person-year versus 1.9 per person-year, respectively), there was a significant difference in multiplicity of infection (2.2 versus 2.6, p = 0.008) and, more strikingly, a higher proportion of highly related infections within households (6.3% vs 0.9%, p = 0.0005) at higher elevation compared to lower elevation. Conclusions Genetic data from a relatively small number of diverse, multiallelic loci reflected fine scale patterns of malaria transmission. Given the increasing interest in applying genetic data to augment malaria surveillance, this study provides evidence that genetic data can be used to inform transmission patterns at local spatial scales even in moderate transmission areas.

scholarly journals Within‐household clustering of genetically related Plasmodium falciparum infections in a moderate transmission area of Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Briggs ◽  
Alison Kuchta ◽  
Max Murphy ◽  
Sofonias Tessema ◽  
Emmanuel Arinaitwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Evaluation of genetic relatedness of malaria parasites is a useful tool for understanding transmission patterns, but patterns are not easily detectable in areas with moderate to high malaria transmission. To evaluate the feasibility of detecting genetic relatedness in a moderate malaria transmission setting, relatedness of Plasmodium falciparum infections was measured in cohort participants from randomly selected households in the Kihihi sub-county of Uganda (annual entomological inoculation rate of 27 infectious bites per person). Methods All infections detected via microscopy or Plasmodium-specific loop mediated isothermal amplification from passive and active case detection during August 2011-March 2012 were genotyped at 26 microsatellite loci, providing data for 349 samples from 230 participants living in 80 households. Pairwise genetic relatedness was calculated using identity by state (IBS). Results As expected, genetic diversity was high (mean heterozygosity [He] = 0.73), and the majority (76.5 %) of samples were polyclonal. Despite the high genetic diversity, fine-scale population structure was detectable, with significant spatiotemporal clustering of highly related infections. Although the difference in malaria incidence between households at higher (mean 1127 metres) versus lower elevation (mean 1015 metres) was modest (1.4 malaria cases per person-year vs. 1.9 per person-year, respectively), there was a significant difference in multiplicity of infection (2.2 vs. 2.6, p = 0.008) and, more strikingly, a higher proportion of highly related infections within households (6.3 % vs. 0.9 %, p = 0.0005) at higher elevation compared to lower elevation. Conclusions Genetic data from a relatively small number of diverse, multiallelic loci reflected fine scale patterns of malaria transmission. Given the increasing interest in applying genetic data to augment malaria surveillance, this study provides evidence that genetic data can be used to inform transmission patterns at local spatial scales even in moderate transmission areas.

scholarly journals Within-Household Clustering of Genetically Related Plasmodium Falciparum Infections In A Moderate Transmission Area of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Briggs ◽  
Alison Kuchta ◽  
Max Murphy ◽  
Sofonias Tessema ◽  
Emmanuel Arinaitwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Evaluation of genetic relatedness of malaria parasites is a useful tool for understanding transmission patterns, but patterns are not easily detectable in areas with moderate to high malaria transmission. To evaluate the feasibility of detecting genetic relatedness in a moderate malaria transmission setting, we measured relatedness of Plasmodium falciparum infections in cohort participants from randomly selected households in the Kihihi sub-county of Uganda (annual entomological inoculation rate of 27 infectious bites per person). Methods: All infections detected via microscopy or Plasmodium-specific loop mediated isothermal amplification from passive and active case detection during August 2011-March 2012 were genotyped at 26 microsatellite loci, providing data for 349 samples from 230 participants living in 80 households. Pairwise genetic relatedness was calculated using identity by state (IBS).Results: As expected, genetic diversity was high (mean heterozygosity [He]=0.73), and the majority (76.5%) of samples were polyclonal. Despite the high genetic diversity, fine-scale population structure was detectable, with significant spatiotemporal clustering of highly related infections. Although the difference in malaria incidence between households at higher (mean 1127 meters) vs. lower elevation (mean 1015 meters) was modest (1.4 malaria cases per person-year versus 1.9 per person-year, respectively), we found a significant difference in multiplicity of infection (2.2 versus 2.6, p = 0.008) and, more strikingly, a higher proportion of highly related infections within households (6.3% vs 0.9%, p = 0.0005) at higher elevation compared to lower elevation. Conclusions: Genetic data from a relatively small number of diverse, multiallelic loci reflected fine scale patterns of malaria transmission. Given the increasing interest in applying genetic data to augment malaria surveillance, our study provides evidence that genetic data can be used to inform transmission patterns at local spatial scales even in moderate transmission areas.

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